Umlando Wemilingiswa
Ukuhamba ngemuva kwemiphefumulo yabalimi abafile, uPavel Chichikov, iqhawe eliyinhloko lenkondlo u-Nikolai Gogol "Afile ngisho nakancane, ake acabange, ngalokho okwenziwe ngobuntu obukhazimulayo abangathanda ukuhlangana nabo. Kuzo zonke izinhlamvu ezahlukahlukene zomsebenzi we-masion kukhona squak kanye nezinyawo ze-stepan Plushkin. Bonke abanye abacebile emsebenzini wokubhala bayakhonjiswa ngendlela efanayo, futhi lo mnikelo uwunomlando wawo wokuphila.Umlando wendalo
Umqondo, isisekelo somsebenzi, ungoka-Alexander Pushkin. Lapho umlobi omkhulu waseRussia etshela uNikolay Gogolo, umlando wokukhwabanisa, owawuzwa ngesikhathi senkomba yaseChisinau. Edolobheni laseMoldavian le-Bender, eminyakeni yamuva nje bashonile kuphela abantu bezimo zamasosha, abantu abajwayelekile babengaphuthumi emhlabeni. Isimo esiyinqaba sachazwa nje - amakhulukhulu abalimi abagijimayo abavela enkabeni yeRussia esuka eBessarabia ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi ngesikhathi sophenyo kwavela ukuthi "imininingwane yephasiphothi" yatholakala ukuthi "kusho imininingwane yepasipoti"
UGogol uthole umbono we-genius futhi, ngokuzindla, lapho umuntu obambe iqhaza khona owayengumuntu omangalisayo ocebisayo ocebisile ngokuthengisa "imiphefumulo efile" eMkhandlwini Wezifiso. Lo mbono wawubonakala kuye uyathakazelisa ngoba wavula ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi wama-epic, ukukhombisa abalingiswa ngokokwelashwa ngopende wonke iRussia, okwakuyiphupha ngawo okudala.
Sebenza kwinkondlo kwaqala ngo-1835. Ngaleso sikhathi, unyaka wonke uNikolai Vasilyevich owenze phesheya, uzama ukukhohlwa ukuthi ihlazo laphuka ngemuva kokusebenza kwe- "Auditor" ukusebenza. Ngokusho kohlelo, kwafunwa yisakhiwo sokuthatha amavolumu amathathu, futhi ngokuvamile, umsebenzi wawunqunywe njengehlaya, ehlekisayo.
Kodwa-ke, omunye wawungamiselwe ukuba afezeke. Le nkondlo yaphenduka imnandi, iveze yonke imibandela yezwe. Umbhalo wesandla wencwadi yesibili nguMlobi engingazange ngiqale okwesithathu. Kuyiqiniso, eMoscow, yenqaba ngokuphelele ukuphrinta umsebenzi wezemibhalo, kepha uKritic VisIShion Belinsky wasizwa ukuba asiza umlobi, wakhungatheka ngaphambi kokucelwa phansi kweSt. Petersburg.
Isimangaliso senzekile - le nkondlo yavunyelwa ukushicilela, kuphela ngesimo lapho igama elizolutholanga okuncane lokususa amehlo ngenxa yezinkinga ezinkulu: "Ama-Chichikov's Adventures." Ngalesi simo ngo-1842 inkondlo yaya kumfundi. Umsebenzi omusha kaGogol waphinda futhi ku-epicenter of the Scandal, ngoba abanini bomhlaba kanye nezikhulu babona kahle izithombe zabo kuso.
Umqondo kaGogol okhafulezelwe ubukhazikhazi - okokuqala wakhombisa ukushiyeka kwempilo yaseRussia, wabe esehlela ukuchaza indlela yovuko yemiphefumulo "efile". Ingxenye yabacwaningi ihlotshaniswa ngumqondo wezinkondlo ezinomqondo waphezulu wamahlaya amahlaya: umqulu wokuqala "isihogo", owesibili "," ipharadesi ".
Kucatshangwa ukuthi uPlushkin bekufanele aguqulwe endoda endala ehaha kuWander-Inzuzo, ozama ukusiza abampofu ngazo zonke izindlela. Kepha uNikolay Gogol akazange akwazile ukuchaza ngokuqiniseka ngezindlela zokuzalwa kwabantu, lapho ngemuva kwalokho umbhalo wesandla ovuthayo wazivuma.
Isithombe kanye nemvelo
Isithombe somnikazi womhlaba ophethwe ngesandla emsebenzini sikhanya kakhulu kuwo wonke umuntu ohlangabezana neqhawe eliyinhloko likaChichikov. Kwakuyi-Plushin ukuthi umbhali unikeza isimilo esiphelele kunazo zonke, ebukeka ngisho nakumlingiswa owedlule. Lo ngumfelwa onesizungu owayethukisa indodakazi yakhe, walahlekelwa yisithandwa sendodana yakhe.
Ngezikhathi ezithile, indodakazi enabazukulu abavakashela i-Old, kepha alukho usizo kuye alutholi - ukunganakwa okukodwa. Ufundile futhi uhlakaniphe ebusheni, owesilisa owayephelelwe yisikhathi, abhubhise ", azabalaza futhi eshaya ngamandla, abe yingxubevange ngisho nezinceku.
Umkhiqizo uqukethe incazelo eningiliziwe yokuvela kaPlushkin. Ekhaya, wahamba ngengubo ethosiwe ("... okwakungasho lutho kanembeza, futhi waze wanamahloni"), futhi wayesephepheni eligugile, kodwa elihlanzekile elihlanzekile ngaphandle kwesichibi esisodwa. Emhlanganweni wokuqala, uChichikov akazange aqonde ukuthi ngubani ophambi kwakhe, owesidalwa noma owesilisa: isidalwa socansi sasondela endlini, futhi umthengi womphefumlo ofile wammukela ukhiye.
Ukulondolozwa komlingiswa kuseduze kwe-marasm. Ezindaweni zakhe ze-800 ama-serfs, ama-barns agcwele ukudla okubolile. Kepha i-Plushkin ayivumeli abalimi bayo abalambile ukuthi bathinte imikhiqizo, futhi nabathengisi, ukufikelwa "njengedemoni", ngakho abathengisi bayeka ukuza bezothola izimpahla. Ekamelweni lakhe lokulala, indoda ethile igcizelele izici nezinhlamvu zezingcezu, nasekoneni elinye lamakamelo, "okuhle", kukhethwe emgwaqweni.
Izinhloso zempilo zincishiswa ekuqongeleleni kwengcebo - le nkinga ivame ukwenza njengengxabano yokubhala imibhalo ekuhlolweni. Inani lesithombe lilele eqinisweni lokuthi uNikolai vasilyevich wazama ukukhombisa ukuthi ubuwula obuhlungu bubulala ubuntu obukhanyayo nobunamandla.
Phindaphindeka kahle - isifundo sikaPlushkin owuthandayo, okukhuluma ngisho nokushintsha inkulumo. Ekuqaleni, i-squak endala ihlangana neChichikova waphawula, ecacisa ukuthi "i-visa akuyona." Kepha, lapho sesifunde inhloso yokuvakasha, ukugcwala okungagculisekile kuthathelwa indawo injabulo engakhethi, futhi iqhawe eliyinhloko lenkondlo liphenduka "uBaba", "umhlonishwa".
Esimweni se-lexicon, umthengi uyisichazamazwi sonke samagama aseSwitzerland nezinkulumo, kusuka "ezihlahleni" kanye "nokuphanga" kuya ku- "devils" uhleli "no" isiteshi ". Umnikazi womhlaba, impilo yakhe yonke yabalimi ababehlala embuthanweni, embukiso ngamazwi ajwayelekile.
Indlu kaPlushkin ifana nenqaba yangemuva, kodwa yadaywe ngokuhamba kwesikhathi: ezindongeni ze-slit, ingxenye yamafasitela iyagibela amapulangwe, ukuze kungabikho onciphise ukuceba okucashe endaweni yokuhlala. UGogol wakwazi ukuhlanganisa izici zomlingiswa kanye nesithombe seqhawe elinomusho wakhe wasekhaya:
"Konke lokhu kwawa ezindlini zezindlu, futhi konke kwakulahla futhi shesha, yena ngokwakhe waphenduka, ekugcineni, ngohlobo oluthile lokujaha ngobuntu."-Vikayo
Umsebenzi weGogol wahlelwa e-cinema yaseRussia amahlandla ayisihlanu. Ngokusekelwe endabeni futhi yadala amakhathuni amabili: "Ama-Chichikov's Adventures. IManilov "kanye ne-" Chichikov's Adventures. NoZdrev.
"Imiphefumulo efile" (1909)
Esikhathini sokwakhiwa kwe-cinema, uPeter Chardynin, ukuthwebula ezamehlela zeChichikova. Ifilimu elifushane elifushane elinesakhiwo esinqunyiwe se-gogol lahlungwa ekilabhini yesitimela. Futhi njengoba okuhlangenwe nakho kuma-movie kusalokhu kusaqala nje, itheyipu yaphenduka ingaphumelelanga ngenxa yokukhanyisa okukhethiwe okungakhethi. Umlingisi waseTheatrical Adolf Georgievsky wenziwa njenge-Misser Plush.
"Imiphefumulo efile" (1960)
Ukusebenza kwamafilimu ekwakhiweni kweMKAT kususwe uMqondisi uLeonid Trauberg. Ngonyaka emva kwe-premiere, lesi sithombe sathola umklomelo wokugxekwa emkhosini eMonte Carlo.
Kumafilimu, uVladimir Belokurov (Chichikov), i-boris livanov (i-nozdrev), i-anastasia Zueva (ibhokisi) kanye ne-Yuri Nikulin (indima enesizotha yesikhonzi, umlingisi akazange eze ngisho ezihlokweni). Futhi uPlushkin udlale ngokugqamile uBoris Petker.
"Imiphefumulo efile" (1969)
Omunye umdlalo wethelevishini, owakhulelwa umqondisi u-Alexander Belinsky. Ngokusho kokulinganisa kwamaKinnomania, le filimu iyona engcono kakhulu yeziteshi zefilimu zomsebenzi ongafuneki.
Ethekeni, abadlali abakhanyayo beSoviet Cinema nabo bathinteka: Pavel Lupykayev (Nozdrev), u-Oleg Basilashvili (Manilan), iGor Gorbachev (Chichikov). Indima kaPlushkin yaya ku-Alexander Sokolov.
"Imiphefumulo efile" (1984)
Uchungechunge lweziqephu ezinhlanu ezihlungiwe nguMikhail Schweizer wakhonjiswa kuthelevishini esemaphakathi.
Kumuntu ohahayo wakwa-Latter waphinda wavuselela ama-innoknyny smoktunovsky.
"Icala le" Souls efile "(2005)
Ummeli wefilimu wokugcina namuhla, omele umqondo emisebenzini edumile ye-Gogol - "Auditor", "amanothi okuhlanya", "imiphefumulo efile". Ngomxube ongajwayelekile, nginqume ukuthokozela isibukeli se-pavel lungin, ngokukholisa ngiqoqwe ngombala osethiwe we-cinema yanamuhla.
U-Alexander Abdulov uvela esikrinini, kuKonstantin Khabensky eChichikova, eNina Usatov, lapho aqhamuka khona umfazi omkhulu wombusi. Futhi, izilaleli ziyancome umdlalo weLeonid Yarmolnik - umlingisi okukhulunywe ngaye esithombeni uPlushkin.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Encazelo yegama lomlingiswa, isisusa sokuzikhuza siyabekwa. UGogol wadala isingathekiso esimangazayo: I-bun ebabazekayo - uphawu lwengcebo, isibonakaliso, okuqukethwe okujabulisayo - kuqhathaniswa ne- "shukela ebubi" lapho upende khona lapho upende khona.
- Isibongo Plushkin saba yimihlaziyi. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi yi-Crumbling ngokungadingekile, abantu abahahayo be-manic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthando lwesitoreji sezinto ezindala, ezingenamsebenzi luyindlela yokuziphatha ejwayelekile yabantu abanesifo sengqondo, okungenziwa ngegama elithi "Plushkin syndrome".