Imbali yomlinganiswa
Ukuhamba emva kwemiphefumlo yabafana abafileyo, iPavel Chichikov, iqhawe eliphambili lombongo Nikolai Gogol "Imiphefumlo Efileyo", yayingayicingi ukuba yeyiphi na into enokuthanda ukudibana nayo. Kuzo zonke iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zabalinganiswa emsebenzini wendlu yendlu kukho i-squeak kunye neenyawo ze-stench plashkin. Zonke izityebi zibambile kwimisebenzi yoncwadi ziboniswe, kwaye lo mhlaba unembali yayo.Imbali yendalo
Umbono, isiseko somsebenzi, seAlexander Suykin. Nje ukuba umbhali omkhulu waseRussia axelele uNikolay Gogolo, imbali yobuqhetseba, obeva kwireferensi yaseChisinau. KwiSixeko saseMoldavian saseBender, kwiminyaka yakutshanje basweleka kubodwa iindawo, abantu abaqhelekileyo babengakhawulezisi. I-phenomeno engaqhelekanga yacaciswa-kumakhulu amanqatha abalekayo ukusuka embindini weRussia etyholweni ngenkulungwane ye-19, kwaye ngexesha lophando "wafa wafakwa".
UGogol wafumana umbono wobuchule bobuchule kwaye, ngokucamngca, waqulunqa iyelenqe, apho umntu obambeleyo wayengumntu ophambili oye watyezeka kwibhunga lentengiso. Umbono wawubonakala ngathi unomdla kuba wavula ithuba lokwenza umsebenzi we-Epic, ukubonisa abalinganiswa ngonyango lwepeyinti yonke iRussia, ephuphe kangakanani umbhali.
Umsebenzi wombongo uqalile ngo-1835. Ngelo xesha, uninzi lonyaka uNikolai Vasneevich oqhuba phesheya, ezama ukulibala isikhumba esiphumileyo emva kokusebenza ko "Umphetho" odlala iincwadi ". Ngokwesicwangciso, iplanga yayifanele ukuba ithathe imiqulu emithathu, kwaye ngokubanzi, umsebenzi wawumiselwe, hlezekile.
Nangona kunjalo, enye enye yayingamiselwanga ukuzaliseka. Lo mbongo uphuma ekubeni alume, eveza zonke izinto ezimbi zelizwe. Umbhalo obhaliweyo weNcwadi yesibini nguMbhali endingaqalanga owesithathu. Ewe, eMoscow, ngokungakhathali ukuprinta umsebenzi woncwadi, kodwa i-vissarion vissarion ye-belinsky yancedwa ukuba incede umbhali, yaxakathwa ngaphambi kokuba abaqeshise.
Ummangaliso wenzeka - umbongo wavunyelwa ukuba apapashe, kuphela ngemeko yokuba igama liza kufumana ukongezwa okuncinci ukususa iingxaki ezinkulu: "Imiphefumlo efileyo." Kule ndlela ngo-1842 lo mbongo kwaye waya kumfundi. Umsebenzi omtsha kaGogol waphinda waphinda wasondela esikhundleni sokuhlaselwa, kuba abanini bamashishini kunye namagosa babona imifanekiso yabo kuyo.
Imbono ye-gogol enamancindi ebukhali - okokuqala wabonakalisa ukuthoba kweentsilelo zobomi baseRussia, emva koko wacwangcisa ukuchaza indlela yovuko 'yemiphefumlo efileyo'. Inxalenye yabaphandi inxulunyaniswa noluvo lwemibongo kunye ne-Deby Dan Geble Aliginery: Umthamo wokuqala 'sisihogo ", owesibini" yiparadesi ".
Kucingelwa ukuba i-pluzkin ifanele iguqukele kwindoda endala enamaweyo kumphandi - umncedisi, ozama ukunceda amahlwempu ngandlela zonke. Kodwa uNikolay Gogol akazange akwazi ukukholisa iindlela zokuzalwa ngokutsha kwabantu, apho emva kweMibhalo evuthayo ivumile.
Umfanekiso kunye nendalo
Umfanekiso womnini-mhlaba onesiqingatha somnini wesandla emsebenzini yezona zinto ziqaqambileyo wonke umntu odibana ne-chikikov yeqhawe eliphambili laseChichikov. YayinguPalthin ukuba umbhali unika olona phawu lubalaseleyo, ujonge uphawu lwangaphambili. Lo ngulowo umhlolokazi olodwa owayetshabhise intombi yakhe kwaye ephulukana nomthandi wonyana wakhe.
Ngamaxesha athile, intombi enozukileyo ityelele indoda endala, kodwa akukho ncedo kuye akwalifumani-umntu omnye. Ifundile kwaye ilumkile ebutsheni, indoda ekuhambeni kwexesha yajika yaba 'sisinxibo sokutshabalalisa, isokola kwaye iphulukene nomsindo ombi, ukuba ngumxube wabakhonzi.
Imveliso iqulethe inkcazo eneenkcukacha ngembonakalo kaPhambisi. Ekhaya, wahamba ehlambini elihleliweyo ("... ... kwinto eyayingavumi nje, kodwa ineentloni"), kwaye wayenxibe i-surn surptuka ngaphandle kwepatch enye. Kwintlanganiso yokuqala, iChichikov yayingazange iqonde into phambi kwakhe, umfazi okanye umntu: Isidalwa sesondo esingenasiphelo safuduswa ukuba asindise.
Ukugcinwa komlinganiswa kwi-verge ye-marasm. Kwizinto anazo ezingama-800 zeseSers, ii-risons zigcwele ukutya okubolileyo. Kodwa i-pluzkin ayivumeli abantu abalambileyo ukuba bachukumise iimveliso, kwaye nabathengisi, abathengisi "bayeka idemon", ngoko ke abarhwebi beyeka ukuthatha iimpahla. Egumbini lakhe lokulala, indoda yasondela ngengcinga iimpawu kunye neziqwenga zegumbi, "igumbi elinye," intle ", ekhethiweyo esitratweni.
Iinjongo zobomi ziyancitshiswa ekuqulunqweni kobutyebi-le ngxaki zihlala zisebenza njengengxabano yokubhalwa kweemviwo. Ixabiso lomfanekiso lilele kwinto yokuba uNikolai Vasneevich ezamile ukubonisa ukuba ubudenge bubuhlungu kangakanani ubuntu obuqaqambileyo nabanamandla.
QAPHELA UKUZIPHATHA NGOKUFANELEKILEYO-Isifundo sePhambisi sePhambisi, ucinga ngokutshintsha kwentetho. Ekuqaleni, i-squeak endala idibana neChichikova i-Lay, ecacisa ukuba "i-visa ayikho." Kodwa, ekufundeni ngenjongo yotyelelo, ukungakhathali kuthatyathelwe indawo yovuyo olungaqinisekanga, kwaye iqhawe eliyintloko lombongo liguquka 'nguyise "," umncedisi ".
KwiLexicon, umthengi sisichazi-magama sonke kunye namabinzana, ukusuka "kwizidenge" kunye "nomphangi" ukuya "kwiidemon". Umnini-mhlaba, bonke ubomi bakhe babangasemilweni ababehlala kwisangqa, isibonakaliso esinamagama aqhelekileyo.
Indlu ye-plughtle ifana nenqaba yamandulo, kodwa idliwayo ngexesha: Endongeni lwesisu, inxenye yeefestile ikhutshelwa ziiplanga, ukuze kungabikho mntu uxinayo esichengeni. I-Gogol ikwazile ukudibanisa iimpawu zomntu kunye nomfanekiso wegorha elinegama lakhe lasekhaya:
"Yonke le nto iwele egumbini lokugcina, kwaye yonke into ibolile kwaye ihamba, kwaye yena wajika, ekugqibeleni, ngolunye uhlobo lokuqhayisa ngabantu."Ukukhusela
Umsebenzi weGogol wamiselwa kwi-cinema yaseRussia izihlandlo ezihlanu. Ngokusekwe ebalini yenze iikhathuni ezimbini: "Ukufika kukaChichikov. Manilov "kunye ne" Chichikov's Advents. I-Nozdrev.
"Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1909)
Ngexesha lokusekwa kwe-cinema, uPeter Chardinn, ukubamba izinto ezizezona zeChichikova. Ifilimu emfutshane ene-gogod ye-gogol ye-gogol yabekwa kwiklabhu yoololiwe. Kwaye ekubeni amava kwiimuvi sisaqala nje, ikhasethi yajika ingaphumelelanga ngenxa yokukhanya okukhethiweyo. I-palatical Actor Adolf Georgievsky yenziwa njenge-plues plus.
"Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1960)
Ukusebenza kwefilimu malunga nokuqulunqwa kwe-MKat kususe uMlawuli weLeonid Trauberg. Ngonyaka emva kwePrietere, lo mfanekiso ufumene umvuzo wokugxekwa emnyhayeni kwiMonte Carlo.
Kwifilimu, iVladimir Velokurov (Chichikov), iBoris Livanov (i-Azdrev), i-anastasi yase-Anastasi yase-Ariuulin (ibhokisi yomlindi, umlindi wawungafikanga nezihloko). Kwaye i-plull fricly idlala nge-birisper perker.
"Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1969)
Omnye umdlalo weTV, owathi wathathwa nguMlawuli uAlexander Belinsky. Ngokutsho koqikelelo lwamaKinananians, le filimu yeyona ilungileyo yezikhululo zefilimu zomsebenzi ongafunekiyo.
Kwiteyiphu, abaphengululi abaqaqambileyo kwi-cinema yeSoviet nayo bayabandakanyeka. Indima kaPhambili yayisiya eAlexander Sokov.
"Imiphefumlo Efileyo" (1984)
Ungcelele lweziqendu ezintlanu zenziwe nge-mikhail schweizer yaboniswa kumabonwakude embi.
Kumnini-mhlaba ophumeleleyo uphinda-phinda umntu ongenasifo e-Smktunovsky.
"Ityala" lemiphefumlo Efileyo "(2005)
Umzobo wokugqibela wefilim namhlanje, omele i-fantasy kwimisebenzi edumileyo ye-gogol - "umphicothi-zincwadi", "imiphefumlo efileyo". Kumxube onjalo ongaqhelekanga, ndagqiba kwelokuba ndikholise umbukeli uPavel Lungin, ngenxa yokukholisa eqokelelene kumbala omiselweyo we-cinema yanamhlanje.
UAlexander Abdulov uvela kwiscreen, Konstantin Khabensky eChichikova, Nina eUsatov, apho abephuma kuyo umfazi omkhulu erhuluneli. Kwakhona, abaphulaphuli bayamncoma umdlalo we-leonid yarmolnik - Umdlali weqonga ekubhekiswa kuwo umfanekiso plushkin.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Kwintsingiselo yegama lomlinganiswa, injongo yokungazithembi ibekwe. I-Gogol yenziwa isifungo se-raddoxical: i-rosy bun - uphawu lobutyebi, i-sating, umxholo wovuyo-uchasile iswekile "yeswekile" esele inotyekelo lobomi olude londliwe.
- Ifani plungkin yaba yinto echanekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngabantu abangeyomfuneko, ababandayo. Ukongeza, inkanuko yokugcinwa kwezinto zakudala, ezingenamsebenzi yeyona ndlela iqhelekileyo yabantu abanengxaki yokuphazamiseka kwengqondo, enamayeza igama elithi "plushkin syndrome".