Tarihi
Ku bi zuwa ga mutanen da suka mutu, Pavel Chicharov, babban gwarzo na waka Nikolai Gougol "Matattu rayuka", ba ma yin tunanin, da abin da mutane masu haske zasu so haduwa. A duk nau'ikan haruffa iri-iri a cikin aikin gidan da akwai squak da ƙafafun Stepan Prishkin. Sauran wadatattun masu arziki a cikin ɗakin rubutu an nuna tsararru, kuma wannan babban rauni yana da tarihin rayuwa.Tarihin halitta
Tunanin, ra'ayin aikin, mallakar Alexander. Da zarar wani marubucin Rasha ya gaya wa Nikolay Gogolo, tarihin yaudara, wanda yaji lokacin Chisinau. A cikin Birnin Makevia da ke cikin 'yan shekarun nan a cikin' yan shekarun nan sai su mutu kawai mutanen sojoji, talakawa mutane ba su da sauri ga duniya. Anyi bayanin sabon abu kawai - daruruwan masu neman bindiga daga tsakiyar Rasha a karni na 19, kuma yayin binciken ya juya cewa an manta da cewa "cikakkun bayanai game da" Fasfo "ga 'yan gudun hijirar.
Gogol ya sami ra'ayin baiwa da, ta hanyar tunani, ƙirƙira makircin, wanda babban mutum ya wadatar da kashe kudi na "rayukan da suka mutu" a cikin Guardian. Tunanin da ya fi dacewa da shi domin ya bude damar da ya kirkiro aikin almara, don nuna wa haruffa ta hanyar fenti na fenti duk Rasha, abin da marubuci ya yi mafarki mai dadi.
Yi aiki a kan waka ta fara a 1835. A wancan lokacin, mafi yawan shekarar Nikolai Vasilliic da aka gudanar a ƙasashen waje, suna kokarin mantawa da abin kunya da suka barke bayan aikin "mai binciken" wasan kwaikwayon. Dangane da shirin, makircin ya kamata ya dauki kundin uku, kuma a gabaɗaya, an ƙaddara aikin a matsayin mai ban dariya, mai ban dariya.
Koyaya, ba a ƙaddara ɗayan ya cika ba. Waƙar ta zama duhu, ta faɗi duk ayyukan ƙasar. Rubutun littafi na biyu shine marubucin da ban fara na uku ba. Tabbas, a cikin Moscow, fullly ki hana aikin kokawar, amma an taimaka wa Belininsky na taimaka wa marubucin, an mamaye shi kafin Stitetersburg kwastom.
Mu'ujiza ta faru - an ba da waka ta hanyar bugawa, kawai tare da yanayin cewa sunan zai sami mafi karancin matsaloli: "Kasancewa mai mahimmanci, ko rayukan Chichikov, sun mutu." A cikin wannan fom a 1842 waka kuma ya je wa mai karatu. Sabon aikin Gogol ya sake a cikin asalin abin da ya faru, saboda manya manuniya da jami'ai sun ga hotunan su a ciki.
Tunanin Gogol tranchated, da farko ya nuna kasawar rayuwar Rasha, sannan ya yi niyyar bayyana hanyar tashin matattu na "Matattu rayukan". Wani ɓangare na masu binciken suna da alaƙa da ra'ayin waƙoƙin tare da Dante ban dariya Dante ALIGGERY: FARKO NA FARKO ", Na biyu -" Albani ".
An zaci cewa shi ne ya canza cewa ya kamata ya canza daga tsohuwar mutum a cikin mai yawo, wanda yayi ƙoƙarin taimaka wa matalauta a kowace hanya. Amma Nikolay Gogol bai taba gudanar da bayyana hanyoyin sake maimaita hanyoyin haihuwa da wani ba, wanda bayan kone ya shaida kansa.
Hoto da yanayi
Hoton mai ba da izini a cikin aikin shine mafi girmama duk wanda ya dace da hanyar babban gwarzon gwarzon Chichikov ita ce. Yana da PLOSHIN cewa marubucin ya ba da cikakkiyar halayyar, kuna kallon harafin da suka gabata. Wannan shi ne mazinayi mai mutuwa wanda ya zagi 'yarsa, ta rasa ƙaunar ɗansa.
Lokaci-lokaci, 'yar da jikoki suka ziyarci dattijo, amma ba taimako daga gare shi baya samun - ɗaya rashin kulawa. Mutumin da aka kwantar da hankali da kai da kuma lokaci ya juya ya zama "Woman Ruin", yana kokawa da mawuyacin fushi, zama mai cakuda ko da bayi.
Samfurin ya ƙunshi cikakken bayanin bayyanar Per Mousain. A gida, ya yi tafiya a cikin rigar girki (... (wa kuma ba kawai ba da shawara bane, amma har ma da kunya "ne, kuma ya kasance a cikin wani sawa, amma ma a cikin Supn Surputuka ba tare da wani facin ba. A taron farko, Chichikoov ba zai iya fahimtar wanene a gabanta, mace ko mutum ba: Mai siyar da mummunan rai ya yarda da shi don mabuɗin.
Adadin halin yana kan gab da Marasm. A cikin mallakinsa 800 SERFs, sito suna cike da abinci mai jujjuyawa. Amma Phushkin ba ya ba da damar masu cutar da suke jin yunwa don taɓa samfuran, da kuma dillalai, 'yan aljan "kamar aljani", don haka' yan aljan suka tsaya don kaya. A cikin ɗakin kwanciya, wani mutum ya yi tunani a kan fasalulluka da kayan guda, kuma a kusurwar ɗayan ɗakunan, "da kyau a kan titi.
Ana rage burin rayuwa zuwa tara dukiya - wannan matsalar sau da yawa tana aiki a matsayin gardama don rubuce rubuce don rubuce rubuce akan jarrabawar. Darajar hoton ya ta'allaka ne da cewa Nikolai Vasilyvich ya yi kokarin nuna yadda wahalar da take da wahala ta kashe mutum mai haske.
Dayawa da kyau - Darasi na Periuhkin, menene ma magana game da canza magana. Da farko, tsohon watan ya gana da Chichikova Wary, tantance wannan "Visa ba ne." Amma, da tun na koya dalilin ziyarar, an maye gurbin gunaguni da rashin farin ciki da ba a bayyana ba, da kuma shugabar gwarzo na waka suna juya zuwa "uba", "mai ba da shawara".
A cikin Lexicon, mai siye shine ƙamus na kalmomin kalmomin Swiss da maganganu, daga "wawaye" zuwa "aljanu" suna zaune "da kuma" tashar ". Maigidan, duk rayuwarsa na masu barorin da suka rayu a cikin da'irar, kallo da kalmomin gama gari.
Gidan gidan ta yi kama da gidan medieval, amma ya mutu tare da lokaci: A bangon tagulla, wani yadiyin ragi a cikin mazaunin. Gogol ya yi nasarar hada halayen halaye da hoton gwarzo tare da kalmar sa:
"Duk wannan ya faɗa cikin ɗakunan ajiya, duk abin da ya ci gaba da sauri, ya juya, a ƙarshe, a wani irin zafin mutum."Garkuwa
An saita aikin Gogol a cikin Cinema sau biyar. Dangane da labarin ya kuma kirkiro majigin yara biyu: "Kasadar Chichikov. Manilov "da" Kasadar Chichikov. Nozdrev.
"Matattu rayuka" (1909)
A zamanin samuwar sinima, Peter Chardynin, ya kama kasada ta Chichikovava. Short gajeren fim tare da dabarar Gogol mai tsafta a cikin kulob din jirgin ƙasa. Kuma tunda abubuwan da suka faru a fina-finai har yanzu suna farawa, za a fara kaset ɗin saboda ba a yanke musu ba a zaɓa. Atatormical Actor Adolf Georgivsky yi a matsayin miser Prosh.
"Matattu rayuka" (1960)
Filin wasan akan samar da MKAT cire shi Darakta Leonid Truberg. Shekara bayan da aka fara, hoton ya karbi kyautar zargi a bikin a Monte Carlo.
A cikin fim, Vladimir Belokurov (Chichikov), Boris Livanov (Nozdrev), Anastasia Zueva (akwatin) da kuma ko da Yuri Nikulin (suna fadin rawar da sabis, da actor ba su ma zo da lakabi). Da kuma filin wasa mai haske da Boris Petker.
"Matattu rayuka" (1969)
Wani wasan talabijin, wanda Daraktan Alexandder Belinsk. A cewar kimanin Kinmaiaans, wannan fim shine mafi kyawun tashoshin fim na aikin da ba'a so ba.
A cikin tef, 'yan wasan masu haske na siliet na Soviet suma suna da hannu: Pavel Lupykayav (Novel Lupykayav (Novel Lupykayav (Novel Lupykayav (Novidrev), Oleg Basilaashis (MANILAN), Igor Gorbachev (Chichikov). Matsayin Perishkin ya tafi Alexander Sokolov.
"Matattu rayuka" (1984)
Jerin abubuwan da aka yi silima da Mikhail Scheized aka nuna a kan talabijin tsakiya.
A cikin mai son mai son kai ya sake samar da Innoentoky Smoktunovsky.
"Case of" Ressaurai na "(2005)
Mashafin na ƙarshe na farko a yau, wanda ke wakiltar fantasy a kan shahararrun ayyukan Gogol - "Mai dubawa", "Notes na mahaukaci", "Matattu rayuka". A cikin irin wannan sabon abu Mix, na yanke shawarar faranta wa obable Fails, don tabbatar da alama a kan keɓaɓɓen launi na zamani na zamani.
Alexander Abdulov ya bayyana akan allon, Konstantin Kahabova, Nina Unatov, daga inda babbar matar gwamna ta fito. Hakanan, masu sauraro sunyi wahayin game wasan Leonid Yarmolnik - mai wasan kwaikwayo ya kira shi a hoton Pishkin.
Abubuwan ban sha'awa
- A cikin ma'anar sunan halayyar, da dalilin musun kai an dage farawa. Gogol ya kirkiro maganganu na yaudara: Bun Bun ne - wata alama ce ta dukiya, bugun zuciya, abun farin ciki "wanda aka tsoratar da" m sukari wanda aka daɗe wanda aka ciyar dashi.
- Sunan mahaifa ya zama maras muhimmanci. Wannan ana kiranta da ba dole ba ɓata, mutane masu haɗama. Bugu da kari, da sha'awar tsufa, abubuwa marasa amfani sune halayen mutane na mutane, wanda a magani da sunan "Phushkin Syndrome".