Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Kuenda kuseri kwemweya yevakafa vevarimi, Pavel chichekv, iyo huru gamba reko nhetembo Nikolai Gogol "Mweya Dogol", haana kana kufungidzira, nezvinhu zvakaita sei. Mune ese akasiyana emavara ari mubasa reimba pane svutugadzike uye tsoka dzeStepan Plushkin. Vamwe vese vapfumi vachipindirana nebasa rinoratidzwa static, uye iyi landower ine nhoroondo yayo yehupenyu.Nhoroondo Yezvisikwa
Pfungwa, hwaro hwebasa, ndewe Alexander Pushkin. Kamwe chete mumwe munyori mukuru weRussia akaudza Nikolay Gogolo, nhoroondo yekubiridzira, iyo yakanzwa panguva yeChisinau revo. Muguta reMoldavian reBender, mumakore achangopfuura vakafa vanhu vanongoerekana vave vanhu vechiuto, vaiwanzojaira havana kukurumidza kupasi. Chinhu chinoshamisa chakatsanangurwa chete - mazana evarapi vearsants kubva pakati peBesessarabia mukutanga kwezana ramakore re19, uye panguva yekuferefetwa kwakaitika kuti "Passport Standard" akafa akagoverwa kune vapoteri.
Gogol akawana pfungwa yeiyo dentio uye, nekuratidzwa, akagadzira zano, umo munhu mukuru anoita basa raiita kuti riwedzere kutengeswa kwe "mweya yakafa" mune yekodhi yekutakura. Pfungwa sokuti dzinonakidza nokuti akazarura mukana uvhure paakaita basa, kuratidza vanhu kuburikidza pendi mishonga Russia zvose, chii munyori akanga refu ndafungira.
Shanda pazvibodzwa zvakatanga muna 1835. Panguva iyoyo, iyo yakawanda yegore Nikolai Vasilsevich akaitisa kunze kwenyika, achiedza kukanganwa nyonganiso iyo yakatanga mushure mekuita kwe "Auditor" zviitiko. Sekureva kwehurongwa, zano racho raifanirwa kutora mavhoriyamu matatu, uye kazhinji, basa racho rakatemerwa seye comic, kuseka.
Nekudaro, hapana imwe haina kufanirwa kuti izadziswe. Nhetembo iyi yakazova yakasarudzika, ichifumura zvese zvisizvo nyika. Manyoro ebhuku rechipiri ndiye munyori wandisina kutanga wechitatu. Ehezve, muMoscow vakaramba kuita basa rekunyora, asi vakanaka kwazvo Belinsky vakabatsirwa kubatsira munyori, yakanyanya kuremerwa pamberi peSt. Petersburg Censors.
Chishamiso chakaitika - nhetembo yacho yaibvumidzwa kuburitsa, chete nemamiriro ezvinhu aizowana kudarika kwekuwedzera kuti abvise matambudziko akakomba: "Chiichev's adventures, kana mweya yakafa." Muchimiro ichi muna 1842 nhetembo ndokuenda kumuverengi. Basa idzva reGogo rakanga ranyorerazve mukosheni wekunyongana, nekuti varidzi vemushandi nevashandi vakajeka vakajeka zvifananidzo zvavo mazviri.
Pfungwa yeGogol yakatsungirirwa nehungwaru - kutanga yakaratidza zvikanganiso zvehupenyu hweRussia, zvakarongwa kutsanangura nzira yokumuka ye "mweya yakafa". Chikamu chevaongorori chakabatanidzwa nepfungwa yemitemo ine Divine Comedy Dante: Iyo yekutanga vhoriyamu ndeye "gehena", yechipiri "uye yechipiri -" Paradhiso ".
Iyo inofungidzirwa kuti plushkin inofanira kunge yakashandura kubva kumurume wekare anokara mune mudzungairi - anobatsira, anoedza kubatsira varombo munzira dzose. Asi Nikolay Gogol haana kumbokwanisa kurondedzera nenzira yakajeka nzira dzekuzvarwa kwevanhu, umo marinda anopisa akazvireurura.
Mufananidzo uye zvisikwa
Mufananidzo wehafu-ruoko rwenyika muridzi webasa ndirwo rwakajeka rwevese munhu anosangana munzira yeiyo chickikov's hl gamba. Yakanga iri plushin iyo iyo munyori inopa iyo yakakwana hunhu, inotarisa kunyange mune yakapfuura hunhu. Ichi chifori chakashata uyo akatuka mwanasikana wake uye achirasikirwa nemudiwa wemwanakomana wake.
Nguva nenguva, mwanasikana nevazukuru anoshanyira murume wekare, asi hapana rubatsiro kwaari haruwane - kusakendenga. Akadzidza uye akangwara muhuduku, murume nekufamba kwenguva akashanduka kuita "kuparadzwa kwakapfeka", kunetsekana uye nekugumbuka nehasha, kuve musanganiswa wehasha.
Chigadzirwa icho chine rondedzero yakadzama yechitarisiko chePlushkin. Kumba, akafamba achibva kuimba yekugezesa ("... uko kusanyara chete, asi kunyange zvakadaro", "), uye aive akapfekwa, asi neiyo surpetuka pasina chigamba chimwe. Pamusangano wekutanga, iwe mukadzi kana mukadzi kana murume kana murume: Chisikwa chebonde chisingagumi chakakomberedzwa chakakomberedza imba, uye mutengi weMweya wakafa akamugamuchira kemunhu.
Kuchengetedza kwehunhu kuri pane iyo verge yerasm. Mune zvake zvinhu mazana masere emaserfs, matura azere nekuora chikafu. Asi Plushkin haabvumiri vanhuwo zvavo ayo nzara kubata zvigadzirwa, uye pamwe vanotengesa, mashoko nekukatanura "se nedhimoni", saka vatengesi vakarega kuuya nokuda nhumbi. Mumubhedha wake wekurara, murume akafunga akapeta zvinhu zvikaita zvimedu zvimedu, uye pakona yeimwe yemakamuri, "yakanaka", yakasarudzwa mumugwagwa.
Zvinangwa zvehupenyu zvinoderedzwa kusvika pakuunganidzwa kwehupfumi - dambudziko iri rinowanzoita sekukakavara kwekunyora zvinyorwa pabvunzo. Iko kukosha kwemufananidzo uri muchokwadi kuti Nikolai Vasilyevich akaedza kuratidza kuti kupora kunorwadza kunouraya sei hunhu hwakajeka uye hwakasimba.
Wedzera zvakanaka - chidzidzo chaPlushkin, chinonzi ichitaura nezvekuchinja kutaura. Pakutanga, yekare squeak inosangana neChichako wary, ichitsanangura kuti "Visa haisi." Asi, vakadzidza chinangwa chekushanya uku, kupenya kusingagutsirwi kunotsiviwa nemufaro unonzwisisika, uye gamba repashe wenhetembo rinochinja kuva "baba", "anobatsira".
Munguva duramazwi, mutengi ndizvo duramazwi yose Swiss mashoko, kubva "mapenzi" uye "gororo" kuti "madhimoni vagerepo" uye "mugero". Muridzi womunda, zvose ake upenyu vanhuwo zvavo vaigara mudenderedzwa, chiseko zvinozivikanwa namashoko.
imba Plushkin kwakaita chakafanana Ages yemauto asi ruvara pamwe nguva: mu masvingo mutswe, chikamu mahwindo Akakwira ne namapuranga, saka kuti hapana ari kuderedza wakapfuma yokuvanda iri yokugara. Gogol akakwanisa chokubatanidza hunhu husina uye mufananidzo gamba pamwe musha wake okuti:
"Zvose izvi yakawira mumatura, uye zvose wakasimuka kuora nenhokwe, uye iye amene wakadzoka, pakupedzisira, muna kuti kumhanyira mumunhu dzimwe mhando."Kuzvidzivirira
Basa Gogol chakagadzwa yokuRussia mabhaisikopu kashanu. Inobva nyaya akasikawo cartoons mbiri: "adventures Chichikov vake. Manilov "uye" adventures Chichikov vake. Nozdrev.
"Vakafa Mweya" (1909)
Munguva paumbwe mabhaisikopo, Peter Chardynin, akakunda adventures pakati Chichikova. A mbeveve pfupi firimu ine vakagadziridza Gogol rangano akanga filmed mukirabhu njanji. Uye sezvo zvakaitika ari mumafirimu zvichiri uchangotanga, tepi zvakazoonekwa kundikana nokuda kururama wasarudza okuvimba. Chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mutambi Adolf Georgievsky akaita somunhu miser Dete.
"Vakafa Mweya" (1960)
The film-waivako pamusoro Pfungwa pamusoro Mkat akabvisa wekambani Leonid Trauberg. A gore pashure kuratidzwa, mufananidzo akapiwa mubayiro kutsoropodzwa pamutambo Monte Carlo.
In firimu, Vladimir Belokurov (Chichikov), Boris Livanov (Nozdrev), Anastasia Zueva (bhokisi) uye kunyange Yuri Nikulin (mwero rokuva hweta, kuti mutambi haana kunyange kuuya madunhurirwa). Uye Plushkin sowakajeka wakapata Boris Petker.
"Vakafa Mweya" (1969)
Mumwe terevhizheni kutamba, uyo akazvarwa namweya wekambani Alexander Belinsky. Maererano nokufungidzira ari kinomanians, firimu iri yakanakisisa firimu dzemapurisa basa pasingadiwi.
Munguva tepi, dzapachivara vatambi Soviet Cinema dzinoitawo: Pavel Lupykayev (Nozdrev), Oleg Basilashvili (Manilan), Igor Gorbachev (Chichikov). Basa Plushkin akaenda Alexander Sokolov.
"Vakafa Mweya" (1984)
The dzakatevedzana Zvikamu zvishanu filmed ne Mikhail Schweizer akaratidzwa paterevhizheni nechepakati.
In vanokara womunda aberekwazve Innokenty Smoktunovsky.
"Nyaya" Vakafa Mweya "(2005)
Wokupedzisira filmmaker nhasi, inomiririra kufungidzira pamusoro yakakurumbira mabasa Gogol - "Auditor", "Anocherechedza pamusoro Crazy", "Dead Mweya". Paine kunovhengana kudaro, ndakasarudza kufadza Fafitera Pavel Lungin, nokuti kwokunyengetedza vakaungana panzvimbo ruvara mabhaisikopu ano.
Alexander abdulov anoonekwa pane screen, konstantin khabensky in chichikova, nina usatov, iyo mukadzi mukuru weMubati akabuda. Zvakare, vateereri vanoyemura mutambo weLeonid Yarmolnik - Mutambi anonzi mumufananidzo plushkin.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Mune zvinorehwa nezita remunhu, chinangwa chekuzvinyima. Gogol akasika gangaidzo dimikira: a hwakanaka bun - chiratidzo upfumi, mukaguta, vachifara kugutsikana - inoshora "zvavhuvha shuga" iro inopa wokuwedzera kwomunyika upenyu kare zvokudya.
- Surname Plushkin yakava chirevo. Izvi zvinonzi zvisina kukodzera kudzima, vanhu vanokara vanhu. Mukuwedzera, nekuchiva kuchengetera yekare, maturo zvinhu ndiyo hwokufananidzira maitiro vanhu vane chirwere chepfungwa, izvo mushonga zita "Plushkin Syndrome".