I-Biograge
I-French Presere Merim yaziwa ngathi njengombhali. Izincwadi zakhe sekuyisikhathi eside zihunyushelwe olimini lwesiRussia. Ngokusekelwe kwimisebenzi yayo, ama-Operas abhaliwe futhi ama-movie ama-movie. Kodwa-ke, wayengumbhali, umlando wezokwemvelo, umvubukuli kanye nomhumushi, iSenator. Uma umfundi efuna ukungena esikhathini esedlule, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe imininingwane emincane kakhulu, khona-ke umsebenzi we-merim uyindlela enhle yokuhamba ngesikhathi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ukuphela kwendodana yabazali abacebile yazalelwa eParis ngoSepthemba 28, 1803. I-General Hobbies chemist uJean Francois Leonor Merima nabalingani bakhe, ngobukhulu baka-Ana Moro, kwakukhona ukupenda. Etafuleni egumbini lokuhlala, abaculi kanye nabalobi, babuthana abaculi nezazi zefilosofi. Ukukhuluma nge-ART kuye kwakha izintshisekelo zomfana: Wacabanga ngokudweba ngokunakwa kakhulu futhi wafunda ngentshiseko imibhalo yekhulu le-XVIII.
Waphetha ngokukhululekile isiLatini futhi wakhuluma isiNgisi kusukela ebuntwaneni. Ifilimu ye-Anglo yayiyisiko emndenini. UPrababato Proster, uMarie Leprins de Bomon, wahlala eNgilandi eyishumi nesikhombisa. Ugogo wakhe uMoro washada eLondon. AbaseBrithani abasebasha abanikezwe endlini, ubani u-Anti-Jean Francois Leonora izifundo zokupenda ngasese zangasese.
Iminyaka eminingana yobuntwana esemncane, impumelelo esetshenzisiwe eDalmatia, lapho uYise ayehlanganisa khona uMarshal Marmon. Le mininingwane ye-biography yombhali ichaza umbono ojulile nongokomzwelo wezimbongi zabantu, izisusa zawo uMerimi zangena ebuhlokweni. Eminyakeni eyisishiyagalombili, i-Profect Ort engene ekilasini lesikhombisa le-imperial lyceum, nangemva kokukhululwa ekugcizeleleni kukayise wafundela ilungelo eSorbonne.
Ubaba waphupha ngomsebenzi wendodana, kodwa le nsizwa yathatha lo mbono ngaphandle kokujabulisa. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu eyunivesithi, uMerim osemusha waqokwa unobhala we-Count Count D'ARCU, omunye wabafundisi benkosi kaJulayi. Kamuva waba ngumhloli oyinhloko wezikhumbuzo zomlando waseFrance. Ukutadisha izikhumbuzo ze-ART kanye nokwakhiwa kwazo kwavusa amandla okudala wombhali futhi kwasebenza njengomthombo wokuphefumlelwa.
Into yokufunda
Indlela ezincwadini ze-merim i-merim yaqala nge-hoax. Umbhali weqoqo le-PAICE waqanjwa ngokuthi iSpanish Clara Hasil, okwakungekho ngokoqobo. Incwadi yesibili Merim iqoqo lezingoma zabantu baseSerbia "Guzl". Njengoba kwenzeka, uMlobi wemibhalo akazange aqoqe eDalmatia, futhi avele aqambe. Amaphutha kaMerim anekhono kangangokuba wadukisa ngisho neMitskevich ne-pushkin.
Idrama emlandweni ethi "Jacreria" ayisafaki imisebenzi yokwethula umfundi wokukhohlisa, kodwa yapenda isithombe sokuvuka kwabantu abaningi basendulo kuyo yonke imininingwane engeyinhle. Umzabalazo wamandla we-feudal kanye nomefundisi e "Chronicle of the Resur Umhlaba Inkazimulo yeCarim's Capector waletha amanoveli.
Umfundi odumile kakhulu "uCarmen". Indaba yokuphila kwama-gypsies e-Spanish anothando lwenkululeko yaguqulwa endaweni yesehlakalo, inezelwe ngomculo nokudansa okumibalabala, yavikelwa. Indaba emnandi yothando olubuhlungu lwama-gypsies kanye ne-spaniard kusalokhu kukhathaza abafundi nababukeli. Akunazithombe ezingakaze zikhishwe kahle kwamanye ama-Folk "kanye namanoveli" axotic ". Isibonelo, isigqila esibalekile eTamango.
Ukuhamba eYurophu, uMerima wavele wakhuluma ngezimpawu zezwe ezicinisiwe zezizwe futhi wanika abalingiswa. AmaCorsican amkhuthaza ukuba adale "Matteo Falcone" ne "Colomba". Umbhali we- "Venus Illyskaya" nawo akhulelwa ohambweni. Ukudalwa kwesimo esiyimfihlakalo kwakungelula ukudala, kepha wabhekana nomsebenzi ogqamile. Le ndaba yendaba yendaba ibize umsebenzi wobuciko waKhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-PROSPERERE Merim ibingashadile futhi impilo yakhe yonke yakujabulela isikhundla seBachelor. Imininingwane eminingi yezithandwa zomlobi yavulwa kubafundi abanothando ngemuva kokushona kwakhe. Abangani nabathandi bashicilele izincwadi ezigciniwe ngokuvula izimfihlo, noma ngabe, nokho, azikaze zifihlwe. Ukufika okumaphakathi kwabancane kunzima enkampanini enomsuka wadalwa uMerimi ube nedumela elibi.
Okuthandekayo ubuhlobo bothando noCharlotte Marie Valentina Josephine Delesel yethulwe. Umfazi kaBanker Gabriel Geleneer, umama wezingane ezimbili, wanikeza ukuchuma komusa wakhe kusukela ekuqaleni kwamashumi amathathu kuze kube ngu-1852. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inoveli noZhenya (zhanna Franção) yabonga kakhulu ukushicilelwa kwezinhlamvu zombhali.
Wabopha intombazane exhumana ngokuthumelana. Efuna ukujwayelana nomlobi odumile, waqamba incwadi egameni lentokazi ebonakalayo i-Algernon Seymour, waqamba ngokuqanjiwe "ngombhalo wokubusa kukaCharles Ix". I-merime yawela esibayeni. Bekulindele okunye ukukhathazeka, bajoyina ukuxhumana nomuntu ongaziwa, endleleni, kubangane bakhe abangamaNgisi, bezama ukuthola ubuntu bakhe.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa zokuxhumana, ngoDisemba 29, 1832, uMerim wahlangana nomuntu ongaqondakali eBuloni. Ukwazi kusuka kumhlengikazi waseDaken Merim Hid. Bangabangane abaseduze kuphela, ama-stal ne-sutton abukhali, atshelwa. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, bengingafuni ukuyekethisa intombazane enhle emndenini kanxiwankulu, ngakolunye - "umphathi" osemthethweni abebesevele. Ukudideka kwesikhashana phakathi kwe-Spriech nowesifazane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwaphenduka ubungane obuseduze, okuwukufa komlobi okuphazamisekile.
Kuma-50s, uMerimi wayenesizungu kakhulu. Ngemuva kokufa kukayise, wahlala ndawonye nonina iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu. Ngo-1852, u-Anna Merim washona. Ubudlelwano neValentina Delovelter baphela ekuqhumeni kokugcina. Amandla okudala we-kipache aqala ukoma. Ukuguga kwafika.
Ukushona
Kuma-60s, impilo ye-merim iyabi. Ukhathazekile ngokuhlaselwa kokulungiswa (i-asthma), imilenze ivuvukala, usizi lwenhliziyo. Ngo-1867, ngenxa yesifo esiqhubekayo, umbhali wazinza eCennes, lapho ashonela khona eminyakeni emithathu kamuva - Septhemba 23, 1870. Ukuphakama okumangalisayo kwamkhathaza ngaphambi kokufa. NgoJulayi 19, 1870, iFrance yamemezela impi yePrussia, kulindeleke ukuthi umuncu yinhlekelele futhi akafuni ukumbona.
EParis, washisa kungobo yomlando wakhe kanye nomtapo wezincwadi, nezinto ezisele zazidwengulwa futhi zathengisa izinceku. Wangcwatshwa yi-prospere merim emathuneni amakhulu ama-jas. Ngemuva kokushona komlobi, iqoqo "amanoveli lakamuva" aphuma, okungcono kakhulu kunalokho abagxeki babiza le ndaba ethi "Igumbi eliluhlaza". Waba yimpahla yabafundi kanye nokuxhumana komuntu siqu.
I-Bibliography
inoveli
- Ngo-1829 - "Chronicle of the Regun of Karl IX"
Novella
- Ngo-1829 - "Matteo Falcone"
- Ngo-1829 - Tamango
- Ngo-1829 - "Ukuthatha iRamu"
- Ngo-1829 - "Federigo"
- I-1830 - "I-Batch ejabule"
- I-1830 - "I-Etruscan Vase"
- Ngo-1832 - "Izincwadi ezivela eSpain"
- Ngo-1833 - "Iphutha eliphindwe kabili"
- Ngo-1834 - "Umphefumulo Purgatory"
- Ngo-1837 - "Venus Illy"
- 1840 - "Colomb"
- Ngo-1844 - U-Arsen Giyo
- Ngo-1844 - Abbot Oben
- Ngo-1845 - "UCarmen"
- Ngo-1846 - "ILane Landers Lucretia"
- Ngo-1869 - "Lokis"
- Ngo-1870 - "Juman"
- Ngo-1871 - "Igumbi Eliluhlaza"
Izicucu
- Ngo-1825 - "Clara Gazul Theatre"
- Ngo-1828 - "Jacperalia"
- I-1830 - "Ingane"
- Ngo-1832 - "I-Enchanted Rouge"
- Ngo-1850 - "" Ifa Elibili noma I-Don Quixote "
- Ngo-1853 - ""
-Nye nje
- Ngo-1827 - "Gusli"
- Ngo-1829 - "Pearl Toledo"
- Ngo-1832 - "Ban Croatia"
- Ngo-1832 - "Ukufa Guyduk"
- Ngo-1835 - "Jam Eseningizimu yeFrance"
- Ngo-1836 - "Amanothi okuvakasha entshonalanga yeFrance"
- Ngo-1837 - "I-Etude mayelana nokwakhiwa kwezenkolo"
- Ngo-1838 - "Amanothi okuvakasha e-Overl"
- Ngo-1841 - "Amanothi okuvakasha eCorsica"
- Ngo-1841 - "Umuzwa ngeMpi Yombango"
- Ngo-1845 - "ucwaningo emlandweni wamaRoma"
- Ngo-1847 - Umlando kaDon Pedro I, King Castile "
- Ngo-1850 - "Henri Beil (Isimele)"
- 1851 - "Izincwadi zaseRussia. UNikolay Gogol "
- Ngo-1853 - "Isiqephu esivela emlandweni waseRussia. Lhadmitry "
- 1853 - "AmaMormon"
- Ngo-1856 - "Izincwadi eziya ePanitzzi"
- Ngo-1861 - "Rezind of Wall Rabin"
- Ngo-1863 - "Bogdan Khmelnitsky"
- Ngo-1865 - "Cossacks of Ukraine kanye ne-Atamans yabo yakamuva"
- Ngo-1868 - "I-Ivan Turgenev"
- Ngo-1873 - "Izincwadi eziya kumfokazi"