I-Biograge
Igalari eyenziwe nguPavel Tretakov, futhi namuhla ihlala ingenye yezimpawu eziphambili zaseMoscow, futhi umsebenzi wakhe wokupha usephenduke into yangempela, ngenxa yalokho ubuciko baseRussia abathole abaculi abavelele abangaphezulu kweshumi nambili.
Ngasikhathi sinye, akuyena wonke umuntu owaziyo ukuthi empilweni yakhe, uPhathironi wayengumuntu onamahloni futhi enesizotha. Ukuba ngomunye wabathengisi abacebe kakhulu ngesikhathi sakhe abachitha ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyi-1.5 eqoqweni lokupenda, wahamba ngengubo elula kanye nengubo yemvula, ngisho nama-cigar kuphela aqashelwa kusuka ku-eyeqisayo, futhi noma ngabe usuku .
Ubuntwana nentsha
UPavel Mikhailovich Tretakov wazalwa ngo-15 (27) Disemba 1832 eMoscow. Bona kanye noMfoweth 'uSergey kwakuyizindlalifa zebhizinisi likaYise - UMikhail Zakharovich ophethwe ngamaphepha ePhepha Facoctory kanye namadodana aqashelwa ukuze aqhubeke futhi athuthukise amabhizinisi omndeni.
Ngokwesiko le-pavel, wathola imfundo yasekhaya futhi kusukela esemncane walethwa kulokhu: wadlala umsebenzi omnyama ezitolo, ebizwa ngokuthi abathengi, athengwa. Lapho eneminyaka engu-15, usevele wenza izincwadi zokubalwa kwezimali, kwathi ngo-20 waba ngumholi wamabhizinisi ogcwele.
Inkambo
Abafowethu, bekhumbula izivumelwano zikaYise, abakwazanga nje kuphela ukusindisa ibhizinisi lomndeni, kodwa futhi futhi bakusindise - kungekudala, bebevele belihlomile isinkwa, izinkuni nezindwangu ezitolo zasendaweni, naphakathi nendawo- 1860s walibheka i-kostroma linen manuff entsha.
Ngaphansi kobuholi befektri ye-Tretakov yaqala ukuthola ngokushesha umfutho, naphezu kwenhlekelele yezomnotho ka-1880. Ngokushesha wabalwa kuqala ngokuya ngemikhiqizo eRussia. Abafowethu bathola lesi sitolo eMoska e-Ilyonka, lapho baqala khona ukunikela ngamakhasimende ezicubu ze-Russian and lard aphesheya - velvet, uvolo, ifilakisi, kanye nezikhafu, kanye nezingubo zokulala.
Emva kwalokho, uPawulu noSergey bathola izindlu ezimbili ezitholwayo eKostroma naseMoscow, iziza zomhlaba esifundazweni saseKostroma. Yonke inzuzo yayivame ukwahlukaniswa ngesigamu, kepha kwakungekho sigaba esinzima 'sokuba neyami' - abazalwane ngokuhlakanipha basakaza inhloko-dolobha, ngokuya ngesimo somshado, izidingo kanye nezintshisekelo zalowo nalowo.
I-TretyTakov ihambisane nenhlanhla, kepha bekungasho ukuthi ingasho ukuthi bangamane banenhlanhla: bobabili bezwakale abantu abathembekile, abasebenza nabo futhi abanamandla abangazivikeli ebhizinisini labo elilithandayo. Osomabhizinisi bakwaTretakov babengabalingani abangenakuphikwa futhi bahamba ngesandla empilweni yakhe, baxhumene nothando lwangempela oluhlobene nobungane obuqinile, obugcinwe kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku.
"Akuvamisile ukuthi amagama abafowethu ababili basondelene kakhulu," isazi-mlando uPavel Burchshkin sabhala ngazo.U-United Sergey noPaul nothando lwezobuciko: Baye eshashalazini namakhonsathi ndawonye, futhi iqoqo elidumile lemidwebo lizoba lilungile ukubiza igalari obizwa ngegama elithi uPaul noSergey Tretakov.
Ukuqoqwa kanye ne-Peronage
Ngokuqondene nabanye abamele abanye abathengisi beMoscow, isisa se-Tretakov sasibhekwa njengento ephoqelekile. Ukuthathwa kwezikole nezindawo zokukhosela, ukunikela kwemali ngezidingo zomphakathi kwakuyingxenye yomsebenzi wazo. Isisekelo semibono enjalo bekuyizimiso zobuKristu: Umnikelo waba ngumsebenzi wokubonga uNkulunkulu ukuze aphumelele ezindabeni nasekulihluleni imali "eyaziwayo" yemali.
Ngasikhathi sinye, indlela eyinhloko yosizo 'yokwenqabe entandweni', ngesikhathi sokuzwa kwalowo msizi, kwenziwa iminikelo emikhulu kuyaqabukela - izindlela ezithandwa ukutshala imali ngokungena ekutshaleni imali. Kulokhu, uPavel Tretakov waba yinto ehlukile - waqala ukutshala imali ngokushesha nje lapho ethola ithuba elinjalo, kwathi unyaka nonyaka ivolumu yosizo lwayo lwezezimali yakhula.
Waqala ngokugada isikhungo semfundo yezingane eziyizithulu nezethuli, azange zenqabe ukusekelwa okungezona umphakathi kwabangane, omakhelwane, amasonto endawo - ngamafuphi, cishe wonke umuntu owayemshumayele. Ngo-1876, wavuma ukuzokhokha ingxenye yokucwaninga ngoNgani uN. Miklakha-maclay ezindaweni eziseningizimu, ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa wanikela ngenani elikhulu lokwakhiwa kwesonto lama-Orthodox eTokyo.
Ngiseyingane, uPawulu wayethanda ukuqoqa ama-miniature amancane, ukuqoshwa kanye nama-lithographs, abathengise emakethe nasezitolo. Lokhu bekungukuqala kweqoqo le-Grand, alinikile, esethole imali yalo. Kamuva, wazibeka umsebenzi wokudala iqoqo eligcwele ngokupenda komdwebo waseRussia futhi lenze isizinda somphakathi.
Iqiniso Elithakazelisayo - Wakhetha Abaculi Bezifuywayo Abagcini Ngokusuka Emizweni Lokuthanda Ukuthanda Ukuthanda Ukuthanda Ubuzwe, kodwa futhi ngoba ekuqaleni bekungabalulekile ukuthi kubuciko futhi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, futhi waba nedumela njengobuciko bokuqashelwa be-cognot.
I-TretyTakov yahlanza imidwebo emibukisweni eRussia naseNtshonalanga Yurophu, imidwebo ekhethekile kanye nemikhawulo yezindawo ezivelele ezivelele (ngezicelo ezivelele, i-Serov, repin), itholile iqoqo lemidwebo.
Ngo-1874, uPavel Mikhailovich wakha isakhiwo esihlukile segalari, kwathi ngo-1888 wamvakashela. Ngo-1892, wanikeza ngokusemthethweni izakhiwo, futhi okuqukethwe kwazo njengesipho esivela edolobheni, futhi ekwenzeni inothi lelo nzalo enhlokodolobha yakhe lalichithwa ekugcwalisekeni kweqoqo. Ukuthola imibukiso emisha, waqhubeka waze waphela impilo yakhe ngezindleko zakhe.
E-biography yeTretakov, ebhalwe ngu-LVom Anisov, isiqephu sokuhanjiswa kwegalari njengesipho seMoscow kuchaziwe. U-Alexander III, evakashele indlu ye-Induvilist eLavrushinsky Lane, wamcela ukuba amnikeze isithombe 'se-Morozov esikebheni ", lapho uPavel Mikhelovich aphendula khona ukuthi wayevela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje, wonke umhlangano uvela manje. idolobha. Emva kwalokho, umbusi wabuyisela isinyathelo futhi wehlisela phansi.
UPavel Mikhailovich washukumisela kuphela izisusa ezingenakunqotshwa. Akazange athole inzuzo kusuka kumidwebo kanye negalari, kepha angikwazanga ukubekezelela ekhelini lami - u-POVA wamdidali ukuba angahlekise. Kwahlekwa ukuthi lapho umgxeki weStasov wabhala nge-athikili enomdlandla, iTretakov yacishe yagula ngokucasulwa, kodwa yanikela ngomhlangano, washiya ngisho neMoscow, engafuni ukuzwa.
Naphezu kokuphana, uPaul Mikhailovich akazange abe yimfucuza. Uthando lwakhe lwe-ART aluzange luphazamise kuye ekuxoxeni, ukufuna ithuba lokuthenga okushibhile futhi ngicela, ukubalwa okulula, okubalwa kakhulu - inenzuzo ekugcineni ibe yiqoqo , ngoba imali egciniwe ingachithwa ebuhlotsheni obusezingeni eliphezulu.
Kuyo kanye nomndeni, wayencamela ukusindisa kanzima. Konke ukusetshenziswa kwemali, ngqo ezimisweni, ukuqoshwa ngokucophelela, nakumarekhodi agciniwe namuhla singahlulela isilinganiso esihle semisebenzi yaso yokusiza.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Osomabhizinisi abadumile abashada ngosomabhizinisi abadumile: Kwakungekho sikhathi impilo yakho, futhi izinkanuko zothando lukaTretakov zazingenandaba. Ukuze uthole impilo ye-bachelor ebekiwe, abangane babizwa ngokuthi u-Archimandrite wakhe. Kuneminyaka engama-33 kuphela, washada nokholo lweMammoth, umzala wozakwethu we-Industrialist.
Umakoti akazange akhanye ngobuhle, kepha wahlukanisa uthando lobuciko, nokho, ukhetha umculo, futhi ungapendi. Kwakuyinhlangano yothando, hhayi ngokubala, futhi impilo yabo ehlanganayo yagcina yaba nokuthula futhi ijabule. Ekupheleni kwezinsuku, uPavel Mikhailovich noVera Nikolaevna babehlukaniseke - baya kumakhonsathi, bathe iqhaza emnothweni futhi bathunyelwa komunye nomunye ngenxa yokuxoxa ngezinhlamvu zamathenda.
Unkosikazi wamnika izingane eziyisithupha: amadodana ka-Ivan noMikhail, amadodakazi u-Alexander, uMaria, uthando nothando. Ngeshwa, amantombazane kuphela ahlala kulokhu abantu abadala: UVannya ushone eminyakeni eyi-8 evela eSclay, futhi uMisha wazalwa egulile futhi ngokushesha washona.
Ngo-1892, uTretakov wangcwaba umzalwane othandekayo kaSergey. Wayengumqoqi, yize engenalo inkanuko kangako, futhi ayala kusengaphambili ngokuhlanganiswa kwamaqoqo adlulise idolobha lawo. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwakungazelelwe, kwathi uPavel Mikhailovich wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokulahleka.
Wabubula, "Wayengcono kakhulu kunami.Ukushona
Ekupheleni kwempilo yeTretakov, isihloko someluleki wezentengiselwano, ilungu loMkhandlu Wokuhweba nokwakha kanye neSt Petersburg Academy of Arts. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, wahlushwa izilonda zesisu. Lesi sifo saletha ukuhlupheka okukhulu futhi sabangela ukufa.
UPavel Mikhailovich walungiselela iThestament Kusasele iTestamente Engaphambi kwesikhathi, eyashiya amanani amakhulu esikoleni sezingane boarding, indlu enamakamelo amahhala wabafelokazi abaculi, i-Moscow Conservatory, Jetty, i-Scholarship kanye nempesheni yabasebenzi befektri yabo. Akazange azungeze indlu futhi akazange akhohlwe ukusho ukuthi inceku ngayinye endlini.
NgoDisemba 4, 1898, uPatonage odumile wafa, ethatha izingane ezokwelashwa futhi anakekele igalari. Ukholo lwakhe Ukholo lwamlandela - ngemuva kokushona kwakhe waphila izinyanga ezintathu, ethuneni lakhe laliseduze nomyeni wakhe. UPavl Mikhailovich wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseDanilovsky eduze nomfowabo, kwathi ngo-1948 uthuli lwaseTretakov lwase-norodevichi.
Ukukhumbula
- EMoscow, kufakwa itshe lesikhumbuzo eTretakov eMoscow phambi kwesakhiwo segalari.
- Igama Pavel Mikhailovich gqoka umgwaqo eLipetsk.
- Esiqhingini sezwe elisha kukhona i-hezerate glacier.
- U-Anna Foodorets wabhala incwadi ethi "Pavel Tretakov", echaza ubuntu bayo obuhlangene nosizo lwenani elikhulu lobufakazi obugciniwe.