Ubuzima
Ububiko bwakozwe na Pavel Tretyokov, kandi uyumunsi biracyari kimwe mubimenyetso byingenzi bya Moscou, kandi ibikorwa bye byubugiraneza byahindutse umwihariko, tubikesha ubuhanzi bwuburusiya bwabonye abahanzi icumi.
Muri icyo gihe, ntabwo abantu bose bazi ko mu buzima bwe, Patron yari umuntu ufite isoni kandi wiyoroshya. Kuba umwe mu bacuruzi bakize mu gihe cye bamara amafaranga arenga miliyoni 1.5 mu cyegeranyo cyo gushushanya, yagendaga mu ikote ry'iminsi mike kandi akarengane gusa kandi ni umunsi umwe .
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Pavel Mikhaiahich Tretyokov yavutse 15 (27) Ukuboza 1832 i Moscou. Bose na murumuna Sergey ni abaragwa b'ubucuruzi bwa se - Mikhail Zakharovich yari afite impapuro zifatizo z'urufatiro n'abahungu bamenyesheje kugira ngo bakomeze kandi bateze imbere imishinga y'umuryango.
Dukurikije imigenzo ya Pavel, yakiriye amashuri yo mu rugo kandi akiri muto, yagaruwe kuri uru rubanza: Yakinnye imirimo y'umukara mu maduka, yakomeje. Afite imyaka 15, yamaze gukurikiza ibitabo by'ibibamari, maze kuri 20 aba umuyobozi mukuru wuzuye.
Umwuga
Abavandimwe, bibuka amasezerano ya Se, ntibashobora gusa gukiza ubucuruzi bwumuryango, ahubwo banabiteza imbere - bidatinze, usibye inganda, basanzwe bayobora imigati, umuriro n'imyenda mu maduka yaho, no hagati 1860 ayoboye manuff nshya ya Kostroma.
Ku buyobozi bw'uruganda rwa Trekodekov rwatangiye kubona vuba vuba, nubwo ikibazo cy'ubukungu cyo mu 1880. Bidatinze, yashyizwe mu mwanya wa mbere mubijyanye n'ibicuruzwa mu Burusiya. Abavandimwe bavumbuye iduka ryabereye i Ilycou, aho batangiye gutanga abakiriya b'imisaruro y'Ikirusiya n'umusaruro w'amahanga - Velve, ubwoya, gukubita, ku meza, impinga n'ibiringita.
Nyuma yibyo, Pawulo na Sergey babonye amazu abiri yinjiza muri Kostroma na Moscou, ibibanza byubutaka mu ntara ya Kostroma. Ubusanzwe inyungu zose zagabanijwemo kimwe cya kabiri, ariko nta shami rikomeye ryaganiriwe n '"ibyanjye n'uwanyu" - abavandimwe bakwirakwije neza umurwa mukuru, bishingiye ku miterere y'abashakanye, ibikenewe na buri nyungu.
Tretykov yaherekeje amahirwe, ariko ntibyaba ari akarengane kuvuga ko bafite amahirwe gusa: bombi bumvise abantu b'inyangamugayo, bakorewe kandi bafite imbaraga kandi bafite imbaraga badatubaha ku bucuruzi bwabo bakunda. Ba rwiyemezamirimo ba Tretykov bari abafatanyabikorwa badashoboye kandi bagenda mu buzima bwe, bahuje urukundo nyarwo n'ubucuti bukomeye, bwarinzwe kugeza igihe iminsi irangiye.
Umuhanga mu by'amateka Buryshkin yanditse kuri bo ati: "Ntabwo akenshi bibaho ku mazina y'abavandimwe babiri ari hafi.United Sergey hamwe na Pawulo n'ishyaka ry'ubuhanzi: Bagiye mu makinamico n'ibitaramo hamwe, kandi icyegeranyo kizwi cyane cyo guhamagara izina ryitiriwe Paul na Sergey Treyakov.
Icyegeranyo n'igitekerezo
Naho abandi bahagarariye benshi bahagarariye abacuruzi ba Moscow, abagiraneza ya Tretyokov babonaga ikibazo cyateganijwe. Uburinganire bw'amashuri n'ubuhungiro, impano y'amafaranga y'ibyo yari ikeneye yari mu mirimo yabo. Ishingiro ry'ibitekerezo nk'ibi ni amahame ya gikristo: Inkunga yari ubutumwa bwo gushimira Imana kugira ngo batsinde ibintu n'ibikoresho kugira ngo batsinde "imbaraga zo kwibasirwa".
Muri icyo gihe, uburyo nyamukuru bufasha "bwanze ubushake", mu buzima bw'umugiranyekazi, impano nini zakozwe gake - uburyo yahisemo gushora imari mu bicuruzwa. Ni muri urwo rwego, Pavel Tretyon yabaye ibintu bidasanzwe - yatangiye gushora imari akimara kubona amahirwe menshi, n'umwaka ukomoka ku wundi ugeza mu mwaka infashanyo y'ubukungu yariyo.
Yatangiriye kubarera ikigo gishinzwe uburezi bwabana batumva-kandi ibiragi, ntabwo yanze gushyigikira inshuti, abaturanyi, amatorero yaho - muri make, abantu bose bamusabye. Mu 1876, yemeye kwishyura igice cyo kwishyura mu buryo bw'ubushakashatsi kuri N. N. Miclukho-MacLay mu nyanja yepfo, nyuma yimyaka mike yaje gutambwa amafaranga menshi yo kubaka itorero rya orotodogisi i Tokiyo.
Akiri umwana, Pawulo yakundaga gukusanya miniatures nto, ashushanya na lithographs, kubigura ku isoko no mumaduka. Ngiyo ababanjirije ikusanyamakuru rikomeye, yabonaga, amaze kubona amafaranga yayo. Nyuma, yishyizeho umurimo wo gukora icyegeranyo cyuzuye cyo gushushanya ikirusiya kandi kigatangara rusange.
Ukuri gushimishije - Yahaye abahanzi bo murugo ntabwo ava mubyiyumvo byo gukunda igihugu, ahubwo yakundaga kuko bwa mbere atari bwo bidafite akamaro kandi yizeraga ko byoroshye gukorana na bagenzi, kandi afite izina nk'ibihangano byemewe.
Ibishusho byatekerejweho muri Tretykogh mu imurikagurisha mu Burusiya no mu Burayi bw'iburengerazuba, imiterere yuburengerazuba bwatumijwe cyane (perov, Serov, Serov, gusubiramo
Mu 1874, Pavel Mikhaiavich yubatse inyubako itandukanye ya gallery, maze mu 1888 yasuye ubuntu. Mu 1892, yatangarije ku mugaragaro ibibanza, kandi ibikubiye mu mpano yo mu mujyi, kandi muri Uwiteka bituma bigira ko inyungu ziva mu murwa mukuru we zari zakoreshejwe mu kuzuza iki cyegeranyo. Kugira ngo abone imurikagurisha rishya, yakomeje kugeza igihe ubuzima bwe burangiye kumara kumara.
Muri biografiya ya Tretykov, byanditswe na LVOM Anisov, igice cyo kwanduza k'ibitabo nkimpano kuri Moscou irasobanuwe. Alexander III, yasuye inzu yinganda muri Lavrushinsky, yamusabye kumuha ishusho ya "Borozong Morozovich yasubije ko atashoboraga gukora ibi, inama yose ni iya umujyi. Nyuma yibyo, umwami yasubiye inyuma kuntambwe aramanukana hasi.
Pavel Mikhaich yimuye intego zidashishikajwe. Ntiyabonye inyungu ziva mu gishushanyo n'ububiko, ariko sinshobora kwihanganira muri aderesi yanjye - Slavorah yamwiringiye atari urwenya. Byari bimaze kumvikana ko iyo kunegura Stasov yanditse ku kiganiro cyerekeye ubushishozi, ariko ikigo cyabereye mu kurakara, ariko gitanga inama, ndetse ava mu misebe, ntashaka kumva murakoze.
Nubwo buntu, Paul Mikhaiaich ntabwo yigeze ari imyanda. Ishyaka rye kubera ubuhanzi ntibyamuviriye mu nama, gushaka amahirwe yo kugura vuba no gusaba kugabanyirizwa, ariko, ariko, amaherezo, icyegeranyo amaherezo, icyegeranyo kizahinduka icyegeranyo , kubera ko amafaranga yazigamye arashobora gukoreshwa mubuhanga bumwe.
Ubwayo n'umuryango, yahisemo gukiza cyane. Amafaranga yose akoreshwa, muburyo bwa ADMs, ubumuntu bwanditswe neza, kandi kurindikira inyandiko zabitswe uyu munsi dushobora guca imanza ibikorwa byayo byubugiraneza.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kwiyemezamirimo uzwi cyane yashakanye na rwiyemezamirimo uzwi cyane: nta gihe cyubuzima bwawe bwite, kandi ibyifuzo byurukundo rwa Tretyav ntabwo byashimishijwe. Kubuzima bwashizwemo ubuzima, inshuti zivuga ko archimandrite ye. Gusa kuri 33, yashakanye nukwemera kwa mamothi, mubyara wa mugenzi wa mugenzi wa mugenzi wawe ufata inganda.
Umugeni ntiyamurikiye ubwiza, ariko agabana ishyaka ry'ubuhanzi, ariko, akunda umuziki, kandi ntashushanya. Byari ubumwe bwurukundo, ntabwo ari kubara, kandi ubuzima bwabo bwaje amaherezo bwaje kuba amahoro kandi yishimye. Iminsi irangiye, Pavel Mikhaiach na Vera Nikolaevna ntibatandukanye - bagiye mu bitara bitaramo, bishora mu bukungu, bakoherezana mu mabaruwa atanga isoko.
Umugore yamuhaye abana batandatu: abahungu ba Ivan na Mikhail, abakobwa Alenander, Maria, urukundo no kwizera. Kubwamahirwe, abakobwa ni bo bobo bonyine babayeho ku bantu bakuru: Vanya yapfuye mu myaka 8 ivuye ipforora, kandi Misha aravuka apfa agahita apfa.
Mu 1892, Tretykov yashyinguye umuvandimwe ukundwa ukundwa. Yaba akusanya, nubwo atari ashishikaye, kandi barategeka mbere kubyerekeye guhuza ibyegeranyo nohereza umujyi wabo. Kugenda kwe byatunguranye, maze Pavel Mikhailovich yari ahangayikishijwe cyane no kubura.
Aceceka gato ati: "Yarandusha cyane.Urupfu
Mu mpera z'ubuzima bwa Trenezakov, umutwe w'umujyanama w'ubucuruzi, umwe mu bagize Inama y'Ubucuruzi n'inganda na St. Petersburg Ishuri ry'Ubuhanzi. Mu myaka yashize, yarwaye ibisebe byo mu gifu. Indwara yatanze imibabaro myinshi kandi iteje urupfu.
Pavel Mikhaiach Pre-yateguye Isezerano mbere, yasize amafaranga menshi yishuri, inzu ifite amazu yubusa kubapfakazi, konserwatori yubusa abamugaye, konserwatori ya Moscou, yategetse burundu nabakozi bashinzwe. Ntiyazengurutse urugo kandi ntiyibagiwe kuvuga buri mugaragu mu nzu.
Ku ya 4 Ukuboza 1898, umufashijwemo w'icyamamare wapfuye, ujyana abana ubuzima kandi wite ku bubiko. Umugore we kwizera kumukurikira - nyuma y'urupfu rwe abaho amezi 3 gusa, imva ye yari iruhande rw'umugabo we. Pavl Mikhaiaich yashyinguwe ku irimbi rya Danilovsky iruhande rwa murumuna we, maze mu 1948 umukungugu wa Tretyakov wimukiye muri Novoèvichi.
Kwibuka
- Muri Moscou, urwibutso rwa Tretykov rwashyizwe i Moscou imbere yinyubako.
- Izina Pavel Mikhaiahich yambara umuhanda muri lipetsk.
- Ku kirwa cy'ubutaka bushya hari glacier ya Hezenate.
- Anna Chadorets yanditse igitabo "Pavel Tretyokov", asobanura imico myinshi ifashijwe nibimenyetso byinshi byateganijwe.