Biography
Igalari eyenziwe nguPavel Tretykov, kwaye namhlanje ihlala imiqondiso ephambili yeMoscow, kwaye umsebenzi wakhe wesisa ube yinyani yokwenyani, enkosi apho ubugcisa baseRussia bufumene ngaphezu kwe-ortists engathethekiyo.
Kwangelo xesha, ayinguye wonke umntu owaziyo ukuba ebomini bakhe, umxhasi waba nonentloni kakhulu kwaye ethobekileyo. Ukuba ngomnye wabathengisi bexesha lakhe ochithe i-ruble engaphezu kwe-1.5 yezigidi ukuqokelelwa kwepeyinti, wahamba kwi-sub elula kunye ne-doat yengubo, i-cigars ivunyiwe kwi-Presess, kwaye nangosuku .
Ubuntwana noLutsha
UPavel Mikhailovich Tobizwatov wazalwa nge-15 (27) nge-18 kaDisemba ngo-1832 eMoscow. Bona kunye noMzalwan 'uSergey babeziindlalifa zeshishini likayise - i-miselail zakharovich inamaphepha eemveliso zamaphepha kunye noonyana bonke ukuze bahlale kwaye baphuhlise amashishini osapho.
Ngokwesiko lePavel, wafumana imfundo yasekhaya kwaye esuka emncinci waziswa kule meko: wadlala umsebenzi omnyama ezivenkileni, wathengiselwa. Xa wayeneminyaka eli-15 ubudala, wayesele eqhuba iincwadi zokuphendula, kwaye e-20 waba yinkokeli egcweleyo yamashishini.
Umsebenzi
Abazalwana, bakhumbula iminqophiso kaBawo, abakwazanga ukusindisa ishishini lentsapho, kodwa nokuyiphuhlisa - kungekudala, ngaphandle kwempahla yendawo, kwaye phakathi I-1860s wakhwela i-Kostroma ye-Kostroma yelinen.
Ngaphantsi kobunkokeli bomzi-mveliso weTortykov waqala ukuphinda uzuze amandla, ngaphandle kwengxaki yezoqoqosho ye-1880. Kungekudala wabalwa kuqala ngokweemveliso eRussia. Abazalwana bafumanisa ivenkile eMoscow eMoscow e-Ilytanka, apho baqala khona ukunika abathengi bezimicu zeRussia nezangaphandle - i-velvet, iflethi, iingubo zetafile kunye neengubo.
Emva koko, uPaul noSelgey bafumana izindlu ezibini zengeniso e-Kostroma naseMoscow, iziqwenga zomhlaba kwiphondo laseKosroma. Zonke inzuzo zahlulwa ngokwahlukeneyo, kodwa kwakungekho nxalenye ilukhuni "eyam nezakho ngobulumko" - ngokusekelwe kwimeko yomtshato, iimfuno kunye nezinto onomdla kuzo nganye.
I-Totytokov ihamba nethamsanqa, kodwa ingayi kulunga ukuthetha nje ngethamsanqa: Zombini zazivakala ngathi zinyanisekile, zinamandla kwaye zinamandla angazisiyo kwishishini labo elinalo. Usomashishini weTotytokov ebengamahlakani angenakujongwa kwaye ahamba phambi kobomi bakhe, aqhagamshelwe luhlobo lokwenene uthando kunye nothando oluqinileyo nolondolozwe kude kube sekupheleni kweentsuku.
"Ayihlali kwenzeka ukuba amagama abantakwethu ababini asondelelene kakhulu," uPavel Buryshkin wabhala ngazo.I-United Serney kunye noPaul kunye neThintelo ye-ART: baya kwiindawo zemidlalo yeqonga, kwaye iikonsathi kunye, kwaye ingqokelela eyaziwayo yokupeyinta iya kuba ichanekile ukubiza igalari enegama legalgey ebhalwe emva koPaul noSergey Tobizwaki.
Ukuqokelelwa kunye nokuThola
Njengabanye abameli abaninzi abathengisi beeMoscow, isisa seToCayokuv bawuqwalasela umbandela wokunyanzelwa. Ukugcinwa kwezikolo kunye nezikhuselo, umnikelo weemali zeemfuno zoluntu yayiyinxalenye yomsebenzi wabo. Isiseko semibono enjalo yayiyimigaqo yobuKristu: Umrhumo yayiyindawo yokubulela kuThixo ngempumelelo kwimicimbi yemali yemali.
Kwangelo xesha, eyona ndlela iphambili yoncedo yayikukutshaba ", ngexesha lobomi bomncedisi, iminikelo enkulu yenziwa kunqabile - iindlela ezikhethiweyo zokutyala imali. Kule meko, uPavel Tratykov waba yinto eyahlukileyo-waqala ukutyala imali kamsinya nje emva kokuba efumene ithuba elinje, kunye nonyaka oneminyaka eliminyaka ukuya kunyaka wonke uncedo lwezemali lakhula.
Waqala ngogada weziko lemfundo kubantwana abazizithulu, bengavumi kwinkxaso engasesidlangalaleni kwabahlobo, abamelwane, iicawe zalapha ekhaya, phantse wonke umntu owayemcela kuye. Ngo-1876, wavuma ukuba ahlawule ngokuyinxenye indlela yophando kwi-N. N. Miklukho-Maclay kumazantsi elwandle, kwiminyaka embalwa kamva babingelela isixa seCawa yeOrthodox eTokyo.
Njengomntwana, uPawulos wayekuthanda ukuqokelela imingxunya encinci, ukuqokelela kunye namaLithografi, azithenga kwimarike nakwiivenkile. Lo yayingulona lwazi lwengqokelela enkulu, eyafumanayo, yafumana imali yayo. Emva koko, wazimisela umsebenzi wokwenza ingqokelela epheleleyo yepeyinti yeRussia kwaye uyenze ibe yindawo yoluntu.
Inyaniso enomdla-wathanda amagcisa asekhaya kungekuphela nje kwiimvakalelo zokuthand 'izwe, kodwa eyokuqala ibingabalulekanga kubugcisa kwaye wayekholelwa ukuba kulula ukubekwa ngamathandabuzo, kodwa waphinda wadumisa Njengomntu owaziwayo we-cognot.
UTrengcikov ufundisisi kwimiboniso eRussia naseNtshona Yurophu, iincwadi ezimiselweyo ze-Eurouse, iimboniselo zika-Kramsky, i-Perov, i-Perov, i-Serov, i-Specin), iQokelelo olulungiselelwe kunye nokuqokelelwa kwepeyinti.
Ngo-1874, uPavel Mikhailovich wakha isakhiwo esahlukileyo kwigalari, kwaye ngo-1888 wacela ukutyelela. Ngo-1892, wanikezela ngokusemthethweni indawo, kwaye umxholo wazo njengesipho esivela kwidolophu, kwaye uya kwenza inqaku elibonisa ukuba inzala kwikomkhulu lakhe yayilixesha elizayo kwimali esetyenzisiweyo kwingqokelela. Ukufumana imiboniso emitsha, waqhubeka de kuphele ubomi bakhe ngeendleko zakhe.
Kwibhayiloji yaseTragraphikov, obhalwe yi-LVOM Anisov, isiqephu sosulelo lwegalari njengesipho eMoscow sichaziwe. I-ALEXANDERE III, ityelele indlu yamashishini eLavrushinsky Lane, yamcela ukuba ayimnike umfanekiso 'we-morozov "enesifo se-mingavich", kuba wayevela ngoku, yonke intlanganiso yeyakho Isixeko. Emva koko, umlawuli waphinda warhoxa inyathelo kwaye wamhlisa.
UPavel Mikilovich washukumisa iinjongo kuphela. Akazange afumane inzuzo kwimizobo kunye negalari, kodwa andikwazanga ukunyamezela idilesi yam - i-Slavora yadalelwa ukuba ayisebenzi. Kwakrwada ukuba xa umgxeki we-stasov wabhala malunga nenqaku lento yenza inqaku, i-Trayokov yaphantse yacaphukisa ngokucaphukisa, kodwa inikela intlanganiso, engafuni kuyiva.
Ngaphandle kwesisa, uPaul Mikiilovich akazange achithachithi. Inkanuko yakhe ye-ART ayizange iphazamisi kunye nokuxoxa, ukufuna ithuba lokuthenga i-shoaper kwaye licele ukubalwa, kodwa ngenxa yokubalwa ngokulula, ingqokelela iya kuba yingqokelela , kuba imali igciniwe inokuchithwa kumsebenzi wobugcisa.
Ngokwo kunye nosapho, wayekhetha ukusindisa nzima. Yonke inkcitho, kanye ukuya kwi-ASMS, i-PATATAUT irekhodiwe ngononophelo, kunye neerekhodi ezigciniweyo namhlanje sinokugweba ubuchule bomgangatho ophambili.
Ubomi Buqu
Usomashishini odumileyo otshatileyo usomashishini odumileyo: Akukho xesha lobomi bakho, kwaye iinkalo zothando zikaTretytov azinamdla. Ngobomi be-bachelor evuthiweyo, abahlobo babiza igama lakhe lokuzila. Kuphela ku-33 kuphela, watshata nokholo lweMammoti, umza we-agring wommiselo.
Umtshakazi akazange amkhanye nobuhle, kodwa wahlulahlula inkanuko yobugcisa, nangona kunjalo, ekhetha umculo, kwaye engapeyili. Yayiyimanyano yothando, hayi ngokubala, kwaye ubomi bazo obuhlanganyelweyo buye ekugqibeleni bunoxolo kwaye bonwabile. Ekupheleni kweentsuku, uPavel Mikhailovich noVera Nikolaevna bangenakubalwa - baya kwiikonsathi, babandakanyeka kwezoqoqosho kwaye bathunyelwa omnye komnye kwiileta ze-TRIPS.
Umfazi wamnika abantwana abathandathu: oonyana bakaItiya noMikhail, iintombi, uAlegandere, uMaria, uthando kunye nokholo. Ngelishwa, kuphela amantombazana ahlala abantu abadala: UVenya wasweleka kwiminyaka eyi-8 ukusuka kwi-Desika, kwaye uMigo wazalwa egula kwaye wasweleka.
Ngo-1892, iTretykov wangcwaba umzalwana othandekayo weSergey. Wayengumqokeleli, nangona engeyonkangeleko, kwaye bayalela kwangaphambili malunga nokudityaniswa kwengqokelela kwaye badlulise isixeko sabo. Ukuhamba kwakhe ngequbuliso, kwaye uPavel Mikialovovich wakhathazeka kakhulu yilahleko.
Wasuka wathi: "Wayengcono kunam," wancwina.Ukufa
Ekupheleni kobomi bukaTratykov, isihloko somcebisi worhwebo, ilungu leBhunga leRhafu kunye ne-Musbuctory kunye ne-St. Petersburg Academy yezoBugcisa. Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, wabandezeleka ngenxa yezilonda zesisu. Esi sifo sahambisa ukubandezeleka okukhulu kwaye kwabangela ukufa.
I-Pavel Mikhailovich ilungisiwe kwangaphambili kwiTestamente kwangaphambili, eshiye isixa esikhulu esiya kwisikolo sabantwana sokukhwela, indlu enamagumbi abahlolokazi, iJSCOW, iJetty, yayalela abasebenzi bomzi-mveliso wabo. Akazange ajikeleze indlu kwaye akazange akulibale ukukhankanya umkhonzi ngamnye endlwini.
Nge-4 kaDisemba ngo-1898, i-IndernAtions eyaziwayo ifile, ithatha abantwana kwimpilo kwaye inyamekele igalari. Umfazi wakhe ukholo wamlandela - emva kokuba efile wayehlala kwiinyanga ezintathu kuphela, ingcwaba lakhe lalilinye icala lomyeni wakhe. UPavl Mikhailovich wangcwatyelwa kwi-Danilovy amangcwaba ecaleni komntakwabo, kwaye ngo-1948 uthuli loThembaka bobabini bafudukela eNovdodevichi.
Imemori
- EMoscow, isikhumbuzo saseTratykov sifakwe eMoscow phambi kwendawo yegalari.
- Igama Pavel Mikhailovich linxiba isitrato kwi-lipenksk.
- Kwisiqithi somhlaba omtsha kukho iflacier ye-heze!
- U-Anna Fedorets wabhala incwadi ethi "Pavel Tratykov", echaza ubuntu bayo obuninzi obuninzi ngoncedo lwenani elikhulu lobungqina obugciniweyo.