Ubuzima
Tennessee Williams - Umukinnyi wikinisha, ninde kunegura ubutumwa bwo guhamagara umunyamerika. Ikinamico yumwanditsi - Inkuru zerekeye irungu ryimico nyamukuru, kubyerekeye kudashobora kubona uhuza isi. Inyuguti z'umwanditsi zirahanitse, kandi isi ibakikije isa n'ikinyabupfura. Imirongo myinshi ya ploa, ubwoko, ibisobanuro byagaragaye mubikorwa byumuremyi hashingiwe kubyabaye byabaye mubuzima bwe.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Izina nyaryo rya Amerika Classic - Thomas Lanir Williams III. Imikino yo ku makinamico yavutse ku ya 26 Werurwe 1911 i Columbus, muri Mississippi. Akiri muto, umuhungu yari yarabuze diphteria ko yari yaratesheje agaciro ubuzima bwe. Padiri Thomas Koruneliyo, wacuruzaga inkweto kandi yibanda, ntiyanyuzwe no kuba samuragwa adakomeye nkabandi bana. Hagati ye na Mama Tennessee Edwina yahoraga akora amahano.
Bidatinze, umuryango wimutse muri St. Louis. Hano umwangavu yinjiye mwishuri ryamafaranga. Bimaze rero gushishikazwa nubuvanganzo, abanditsi be bakundaga Hart Hart Crane na Planwright PlayWoght Anton Chekhov. Kuva mu 1929 kugeza 1931, umusore yari umunyeshuri wa kaminuza ya Misania, aho yiganye mu ishami ry'itangazamakuru. Muri kiriya gihe, yatangiye kwandika ibisigo, inkuru, gukina no gutanga inyandiko ku manota y'ubuvanganzo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ubuzima bwumwanditsi bwuzuyemo ibintu bitangaje, bamwe noneho byashizeho ishingiro ryimirimo yayo. Mu mpera za 1930, umusore yumvise: abagabo bamukurura. Fred Melton yabaye umusore wa mbere ukunda.Mu 1940, Tennessee yatwarwaga n'umubyinnyi wa Kanada na Kip Cennan, ariko bidatinze atangaza ishyingiranwa. Williams yarokotse ikinamico nyayo yongereye inkuru y'urupfu rwa Kip mu 1944. Umwanditsi yagaragaje ibyiyumvo muri Kanada mu gikiza "ikintu cyagenwe, ikintu gisobanutse."
Umucyo wabuze umunyamerika hamwe na Poncho Rodriguez na Gonzalez. Umusore yavuzwe ku makinana n'ishyari kandi anywa inzoga. Igitabo cyahagaritswe mu 1947, ariko hafi kugeza igihe cyacunga, abantu bakomeje kuba inshuti. Urukundo rushya mu Butaliyani Rukiri muto Rafaello yahumekeye umwanditsi ku byashyirwaho "ibuye ry'amabuye y'agaciro y'Abaroma."
Igihe kirekire muri biografiya ya Williams ni isano na Frank Merlo, wamaze hafi imyaka 15. Uyu mugabo ntiyarinze ko umutima w'umwanditsi gusa, ahubwo yanashyigikiye imirimo y'umunyamabanga, yishora mu bibazo byo mu rugo. Kamere ishimishije ya yombi, ariko, yayoboye ubuhemu, niyo nyirabayazana w'icyuho. Bidatinze nyuma yo gutandukana, abaganga bavumbuye icyiciro cya nyuma cya kanseri y'ibihaha.
Amaze kumenya ibi, Umukinyi w'Ikirere yasubiye ku mukunzi kandi yita ku mugabo mbere y'urupfu rwe mu 1963. Yita ku Frank yibizwa ibya kera mu kwiheba cyane, yabonye byinshi kandi bikabujije ibiyobyabwenge. Umwanditsi yari mu bitaro inshuro nyinshi ashyirwa mu mavuriro kugira ngo arwaye mu mutwe.
Ikinamico
Ikinamico ya mbere "Inkuba y'impeshyi" Umusore Yarekuwe mu 1937. Ariko mbere yo kurekurwa "ikirahukwe", imirimo ya macowayi yagumye idataye kubaturage. Muri iyi kinamico, umunyamerika yagaragaje ibyamubayeho mu gihe cy'akazi ku ruganda rw'inkweto, rwaje kwangwa ku bw'ubugingo bwe bwiza kandi bworoshye.
Imiterere nyamukuru ya Tom Wingfield yibutsa igihe nabaga na Mama Amanda na Mushikiwabo Laura. Umubyeyi wihuse kandi wifuza cyane yifuza ko umuhungu yiyongera, umukobwa we arubatse. Umutegarugori ntabwo yitondera ko akazi kari mu iduka k'inkweto kakandamijwe n'umusore, kandi umukobwa ntakibazo bitewe n'ingaruka z'umubiri - ukuguru kumwe kwa Laurra ni ngufi.
Prototype ku nyuguti z'Umukino harimo umuryango wa PlawWright - kutaringaniza Edwin na mushiki wanjye Roza, warwaye indwara yo kwiheba igihe kirekire. Inyandiko yagenze neza kubasomyi, yashyizwe kumurongo.
Mu 1947, Williams yanditse ikintu gishya "Tram" icyifuzo "." Hagati yikibanza - amakimbirane hagati ya Blanche Dubois na Stanley Kovalski. Umudamu, asigaye nta kazi, aje kuri mushiki wawe Stella, utegereje umwana. Abahanga cyane, bamenyereye igenamigambi rihanitse, uburyo abashyitsi bahita baterwa no kwanga umugabo Stellie Stanley.
Iyi mikoranire idahwitse, mubi ikora nkibinyuranye na hernee. Umugabo akora ibintu byose kugirango akore amavuta, amurimbure umunezero. Kohereza uwo mwashakanye mu bitaro by'ababyeyi, Kowalski afata dubois, nyuma yo gusara. Ikinamico cyagenze neza cyane kandi cyari gikingiwe mu 1951. Inshingano nyamukuru mu gishushanyo cyari gikinishwa neza na Vivien Lee na Marlon Brando.
Muri uwo mwaka, umukinyi mushya atangaza ikinamico nshya "Rose yishushanyijeho", iganisha ku bihe byagenwe. Serafina Della Rosa yabuze umugabo we Rosario. Imbunda hamwe numubiri wumugabo akomeza muri Urn murugo. Igihe kirarenga, intwari imenyera umushoferi wa Alvaro. Yiyemerera hamwe nuwo mwashakanye yita ku bwiza bwa Estel. Aka gakuru k'amakuru umugore, ariko ibyiyumvo bishya bifitanye isano n'umushoferi byoroshye.
Mu 1955, Bibliografiya ya Williografiya yuzuyemo "injangwe ku gisenge gishyushye". Inkuru yimura abasomyi munzu ya politiki ya politiki kuri papa wavuzwe. Iminsi yubuzima bwe irasuzumwa, kandi umuhungu w'imfura arashaka kuba samuragwa nyamukuru. Urukundo rwa Data uracyahabwa amatafari mato.
Ariko, nta mwana uhari, nubwo umugabo arubatse. Umutima wamatafari ubika amayobera ajyanye numugore we Maggie ninshuti nziza ya skipper. Iki gicuruzwa cyumwanditsi nacyo kirahuzwa. Mu 1958, abari bateraniye aho babonye filime amashusho y'abashakanye bakiri bato yerekanye Elizabeth Taylor na Paul New Manman.
Mu 1973, gukina amayobera "kuri bibiri" byagaragaye mubikorwa byumwanditsi, ibyo williams byahinduwe ku cmak nyuma. Nk'uko umugambi utangaza, umuvandimwe na mushiki wanjye basanze imikino yatereranye. Kugirango bave ahantu hadasanzwe kandi biteje akaga, bakeneye kwerekana ibihe byo kwiyahura kw'ababyeyi.
Mu mirimo ya Tennessee, Tennesse yahumetswe n'imirimo ya Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Mbere gato y'urupfu, mu 1980, yanditse "Trigorin Diary" - Kurwanya Chekhov "Seagulls". Umwanditsi yakomeje gukora buri munsi kugeza kumunsi wanyuma wubuzima, nubwo inyandiko ze zitinze ntizagifite intsinzi ya 50.
Urupfu
Umukinyi w'Ikirere yapfuye ku ya 25 Gashyantare 1983. Urwenya mbere yo gusoza Medispert, icyateye urupfu cyakubiswe n'umuvuduko wumugabo uva mubibyimba bifite imiti mumiti yubuhumekero. Ariko, nyuma muri raporo hari amakuru umwanditsi yapfuye azize inzoga nyinshi.Bibliografiya
- 1937 - "Inkuba y'impeshyi"
- 1944 - "Ikirahure Zvernets"
- 1947 - "Kwifuza" Tram ""
- 1951 - "ROSE YATANDUKANYE"
- 1955 - "injangwe ku gisenge cyacitsemo ibice"
- 1957 - "Offeeus imanuka ikuzimu"
- 1959 - "Inyoni nziza cyane y'urubyiruko"
- 1961 - "Ijoro rya Iguana"
- 1969 - "Ku kabari ka Tokyo Hotel"
- 1973 - "Igice cya kabiri (Creek)"
- 1977 - "Igihembwe cy'Ubufaransa"
- 1980 - "Trigorin Diary"
- 1981 - "Ikintu kidasobanutse, ikintu gisobanutse"
- 1982 - "Inzu, igomba gusenyuka"
Filmography
- 1950 - "Ikirahure Zvernets"
- 1951 - "Tram" Icyifuzo ""
- 1955 - "ROSE YATANDUKANYE"
- 1958 - "injangwe ku gisenge cyacitsemo ibice"
- 1959 - "Mu buryo butunguranye, icyi cyashize"
- 1961 - "Madamu y'Abaroma Madamu Kibuye"
- 1962 - "Inyoni nziza y'urubyiruko"
- 1964 - "Ijoro rya Iguan"