Biography
I-tennessee Williams - Umdlalo wokudlala, abagxeki boncwadi babiza i-Czech yaseMelika. Imidlalo yombhali-amabali malunga nesithukuthezi somlinganiswa ophambili, malunga nokungakwazi ukufumana ukuvumelana nehlabathi elingaphandle. Abalinganiswa bombhali banobunkunkqele, kwaye umhlaba ubangqongile kubonakala ngathi krwada. Imigca emininzi yeyelenqe, iindidi, iinkcukacha zibonakala kwimisebenzi yoMdali ngenxa yeziganeko ezenzeka ebomini bakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
Igama lokwenyani le-American Classic - Thomas Lanir Williams III. Idramamargome yazalwa ngoMatshi 26, 1911 eColumbus, eS mississippi. Kwasekuqaleni, inkwenkwe yayiphulukene neDifetheria kangangokuba wayeyibekekile impilo yakhe. Utata uThos Pornelius, othengisa izihlangu kwaye wagxininiswa, owonelisekanga sisibakala sokuba indlalifa ingakomelelanga njengabanye abantwana. Phakathi kwakhe kunye noMama i-ntnclessee Edwina kwenzeka rhoqo.
Kungekudala le ntsapho yafudukela eSt. Louis. Apha ulutsha lwangena kwiSikolo saseTyan. Sele ke uThomas waba nomdla kuncwadi, ababhali bakhe ababathandayo yayinguMerican Hoet Harne kunye ne-Russia Plain Chenokv. Ukususela ngo-1929 ukuya ku-1931, umfana wayengumfundi weDyunivesithi yase-misuria, apho wafunda khona kwicandelo lobuntakwabo. Ngelo xesha, waqalisa ukubhala imibongo, amabali, adlala kwaye aveze izincoko zonxibelelwano.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bombhali babugcwele yimicimbi ebalulekileyo, abanye ke babumba isiseko semisebenzi yawo. Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yee-1930, lo mntu wayeqonda: Amadoda amtsalelayo kuye. UFred Melton waba ngumfana wokuqala othandekayo.Ngo-1940, i-tennessee yaqhutywa ngumdanisi waseKhanada nguKip Carnan, kodwa kungekudala wawuxelisa umtshato. I-Williams yasinda kwiDrama yokwenene eyanda iindaba zokusweleka kwe-kip ngo-1944. Umbhali ubonakalisa iimvakalelo eCanada kumdlalo "into ecaca, into ecacileyo."
Iqaqambile yayikukunqongophala kweMelika nge-pancho rodriguez kunye ne-gonzalez. Lo mfo wabhekiswa kubushushu obutshutshisekileyo kunye notywala obuhluthwe. Inoveli iphela ngo-1947, kodwa phantse de kube kukufa kweshumi tennessee, amadoda ahlala ezibuhlungu. Uthando olutsha kwi-Italian oselula uRafaello uphefumlele umbhali ngokuyilwa "kweTista yaseRomani."
Elona xesha lide kwi-williamy ye-Williams yayingulwalamano noFrank Merlo, owayehlala phantse iminyaka eli-15. Le ndoda ayizange ifune kuphela intliziyo yombhali, kodwa ithathe imisebenzi kanobhala, yabandakanyeka kwimicimbi yasekhaya. I-verionatate imeko yazo zombini, nangona kunjalo, ikhokelele ekuvukeleni, eyayibangela ukuba ngumsantsa. Kungekudala emva kokuhluka, oogqirha bafumanisa inqanaba lokugqibela lomhlaza wemiphunga.
Ukufundisisa ngale nto, ubudala bubuyele kumthandi kwaye banyamekela indoda ngaphambi kokuba asweleke ngo-1963. Inkathalo kaFrank yantywilisa i-classic kuxinzelelo olunzulu, wabona iziyobisi ezininzi kwaye zisetyenziswa iziyobisi ezinqabileyo. Umbhali walaliswa esibhedlele kwaye wabekwa kwiikliniki zengqondo.
Idramatirgy
Umdlalo wokuqala "Indudumo yasentwasahlobo" le ndoda ikhutshwa ngo-1937. Kodwa ngaphambi kokukhululwa "kweglasi", imisebenzi yomdlalo wokudlala wahlala ngaphandle kokuthathwa koluntu. Kule Drama, amava aseMelika abonakalise amava akho exesha lomsebenzi kwi-Shoe Mveliso, eyathi yamthiya ngomphefumlo wakhe omnandi nobuthathaka.
Owona mlinganiswa u-Tom Wingfield ukhumbula ixesha xa ndandihlala nomama Amanda noDade Laura. Umama onobushushu ovutha ngumsindo kunye namabhongo angafuna ukuba unyana afumane ulwando, kwaye intombi yakhe yatshata. Inenekazi alinikeli ingqalelo kwinto yokuba umsebenzi kwivenkile yezihlangu icinezelwe ngumfana, kwaye intombazana ayinantsingiselo ngenxa yokungabi nasixhobo somzimba - umlenze omnye weLaurra mfutshane kunaye.
Iprototype kubalinganiswa bomdlalo yayilusapho lokudlala - i-Edwin kunye noDade ongenakusebenza, obandezeleka ngenxa yoxinzelelo ixesha elide. Isincoko siphumelele kubafundi, bafakwa kwi-arband.
Ngo-1947, uWilliams wabhala "umnqweno omtsha wendalo". " Embindini weyelenqe - imbambano phakathi kweBlanche Dubois kunye ne-stanley Kovalski. Inenekazi, eliseleyo ngaphandle komsebenzi, liza kudadewethu uStella, olinde umntwana. Isiseko esimnandi, siqhele ukuseta esikweni, indlela yokundwendwelwa ibangelwa kwangoko kukungakhathalelwa kwendoda uStellie stellie stenley.
Oku kuyasebenza, umsebenzi ongendawo wenza ngokuchasene ne-heroine. Indoda yenza yonke into yokwenza i-blanche, itshabalalise ulonwabo. Ngokuthumela iqabane lakho kwisibhedlele sokwamama, udlule kwiKhutski dubois, emva koko waphambana. Umdlalo waphumelela kakhulu kwaye wakhuselwa ngo-1951. Iindima eziphambili kwipeyinti zazidlalwa kakuhle nge-vivien ye-vivien ye-vivien kunye ne-marlon brando.
Kwakuloo nyaka, i-Drict Lipa ipapasha idrama entsha "i-tattooed rose", ixelela malunga nekamva lekamva. USerafina Della Rosa uphulukana nomyeni wakhe uRomario. Umpu kunye nomzimba wendoda uhlala ehleli ejwayo ekhaya. Ixesha liyadlula, iqhawe liqhelene nomqhubi weAlvaro. Uyavuma ukuba kunye neqabane lakhe alinyamekela ubuhle bendawo yase-EStel. Ezi ndaba zinamanxeba umfazi, kodwa imvakalelo entsha yokuya kumqhubi ithanga umsindo.
Ngo-1955, i-williamgram ye-wibliography igcwalisiwe nge "Ikati eluphahleni eshushu". Ibali lidlulisela abafundi kwiNdlu yoMtyali wezoPolitiki malunga ne-nicy Imihla yobomi bakhe ithathelwa ingqalelo, kwaye unyana olizibulo hooper ufuna ukuba yeyona indlalithe. Uthando lukaTata lusanikwa isitena esincinci.
Nangona kunjalo, akukho bantwana, nangona indoda itshatile. Intliziyo yesitena igcina imfihlakalo enxulumene nenkosikazi yakhe uMaggie kunye nomhlobo osenyongweni we-skipper. Le mveliso yombhali ikwagqityiwe. Ngo-1958, abaphulaphuli babona ifilimu ethi imifanekiso yamaqabane amancinci awazivelela uElizabhete Taylor noPaul Newman.
Ngo-1973, umdlalo ongaqondakaliyo "udlala kabini" wabonakala kwimisebenzi yombhali, eyabizwa ngokuba yi-williams cumed kamva. Ngokweyelenqe, umzalwana nodade bazifumana bekwimidlalo yeqonga eshiyekileyo. Ukuphuma kwindawo engaqhelekanga neyingozi, kufuneka batyhile iimeko zokuzibulala zabazali.
Kuwo wonke umsebenzi weTennessee, iTennessee yaphefumlelwa yimisebenzi ka-Anton Pavlovich Chekhov. Kungekudala ngaphambi kokuba umntu afe, ngo-1980, wabhala "kwidayari eyomeleleyo" - ukuziqhelanisa ne-chenokhov "watywina". Umbhali waqhubeka esenza yonke imihla de kube lusuku lokugqibela lobomi, nangona izincoko zakhe zangasemva zazingasampumelelo kwi-50s.
Ukufa
Umdlali oswele nge-25 kaFebruwari, ngo-1983. Ngaphambi kokugqitywa kweMedispert, unobangela wokufa wabethwa yi-cap kwi-bubble enamayeza okuphefumla. Nangona kunjalo, kamva kwiingxelo apho yayikhona ingcaciso ukuba umbhali wabhubha kwi-overdose notywala kunye ne-sedrives.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1937 - "Indudumo yasentwasahlobo"
- Ngo-1944 - "I-Glass Zokhulanets"
- Ngo-1947 - "Umnqweno"
- Ngo-1951 - "i-tattooed rose"
- Ngo-1955 - "Ikati kwi-Split Phar
- Ngo-1957 - "Orpheus ihla esihogweni"
- Ngo-1959 - "Imvubuli yobutsha obumnandi"
- Ngo-1961 - "ubusuku be-iguana"
- Ngo-1969 - "kwi-Tokyo Net's Bar"
- Ngo-1973 - "iqhekeza lesibini (creek)"
- Ngo-1977 - "ikota yesiFrentshi"
- Ngo-1980 - "Idayari yeTrigorin"
- Ngo-1981 - "into evakalayo, into ecacileyo"
- Ngo-1982 - "Indlu, Yenziwe Ukuwa"
I-filmography
- Ngo-1950 - "I-Gub yeGlasi"
- Ngo-1951 - "Tram" Umnqweno ""
- Ngo-1955 - "i-tattooed rose"
- Ngo-1958 - "I-CAT kwi-Split Phant
- Ngo-1959 - "Ngequbuliso, ihlobo elidlulileyo"
- Ngo-1961 - "Intseni yamaRoma mrs. Ilitye"
- Ngo-1962 - "intaka emnandi yobutsha"
- Ngo-1964 - "ubusuku baseIguan"