Ubuzima
Gregory Kotovsky numuntu udasanzwe, ubuzima bwuzuye peripetia. Yarokotse ibihe by'amagambo, amaze kunyura mu mugizi wa nabi yerekeza ku murongo wa mbere n'umuyobozi w'ingabo zitukura. Ingano z'umujura n'umujura yasimbuwe no gutsinda mu ruhare rw'umuyobozi wa Krasnoarmeys. Urupfu rw'umusirikare w'umusoviyeti n'umubare wa politiki utwikiriwe n'umwenda w'amayobera. Abantu bari bamumenye yamuvuzeho nabi, kandi abakomoka ku gufata ibyemezo bashingiye ku bushakashatsi bwinshi. Autobiography, kotovsky igiye, yuzuye ubukana nubuswa.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Gregory Kotovsky yavukiye muri Ganchesta (ubu ubu akarere ka Moldava), ku ya 12 Nyakanga 1881. Muri basekuruza be, Moldavani na Inkingi, ariko impinduramatwara, iyo banditse ku ngabo zitukura, inkingi "y'ubwenegihugu" yaranditse "batabaye" batabaye ", bazi ko itabaho. Skisha yari umwe mu bana 6 bakorana. Mama yapfuye akiri umwana.
Umuhungu amaze kugwa ku gisenge ku myaka ya 5, umuhungu atangira stitoki, yahuye n'ibitero by'agateganyo na Epilepsy. Mu 1895, nyuma y'urupfu rwa se, Gregory Sofia Day na Manuk basezeranye nyuma ya Gregory. Umusore yateganyirije ishuri ryukuri rya Chisinau, yiga amashuri.
Igihe kimwe muri Chisinau ntagenzurwa n'abasaza, ubujyakuzimu bwibagiwe amasomo ye, afata ibihimbabyo na nyuma y'amezi 3. Ariko imanakazi ntiyanze kwita kandi ikagira uruhare mu kuza kwa Kotovsky mu ishuri ry'ubuhinzi bwa Corrifre, bwongeye kwishyura ibikubiyemo. Imiterere iturika yatandukanijwe na Geregori kuva akiri muto. Abadepite biboneye urugamba rwe rw'imihimbaniko bahanganye n'ikibazo cyo kwibabaza abayobozi b'umuyobozi.
Mu 1990, ishuri ryarangiye. Nyuma yimyaka mike, Gregory yagejejwe na Demokarasi. Yanyuze mu myitozo y'ishuri, yakoraga nk'umuyobozi wungirije mu gahanga. Ariko aho hose twirukanwe, kuko byagaragaye ko akunda gukunda amarozi n'icyerekezo cy'uburyo. Witoze yakomeje kutarandukira, nuko dipolome Gregory ntiyahawe.
Yakundaga guhindura aho bakorera, ariko yahoraga yirukanwa ngo ahure nabagore ba nyirubwite cyangwa uburiganya. Mu 1902, sekuruza we yarapfuye, maze umusore wari umaze kwigira izina rya bandi, yategetse ibimaze imyaka ye.
Serivisi ya gisirikare na Ibikorwa bya politiki
Cottovsky yatangiye kwiruka ku nyandiko z'impimbano, nagerageje kuba umuyobozi munzu yandi, ariko uburiganya, ntabwo yasezeranije ubuzima butuje. Gregory yamaganye amezi 4 muri gereza azira ibendera. Nyuma, yakoze mugukoresha amafarasi no ku ruganda rukora inzoga. Mu bitekerezo bye, umuntu ukunze guhakana ibitekerezo bibaho, yishyira ahagaragara umurwanyi wubutabera nuwamburwa gukandamizwa. Ariko abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko ejo hazaza hatuje kugoreka ukuri.
Amaze guhamagarwa ingabo mu 1904, ntiyigeze igera ku giteranyo cyo gukangurira kandi yihisha, yiruka hirya no hino kandi yishora mu bujura. Mu 1905, umujura yatawe muri yombi azira kwirinda serivisi maze yoherezwa mu kigo cya Kostroroma. Kuva aho, inkoziya yaratorotse, yateguye inyandiko z'impimbano. Kuva mu nsi yo kwirinda ibihano mu buryo bwa cortics, Cottovsky yihishe, itegura itsinda ry'imiterere ye, kandi mu 1906 ryabaye izwi cyane mu isi.
Ibitero byabandi ntabwo byari bifite umubare. Umujura w'icyamamare yungutse izina rya helish attama. Kuko gufatwa kw'umugizi wa nabi wasezeranije igihembo. Cottovsky yari impfabusa kandi yishimira amasahani yakozwe, izina ryizina rye ryakiriwe hose. Uburiganya bwari umunyabwenge kandi chaber, hamwe numubare ukomeye wiyongera muri cm 174 yamuhaye inyungu z'umubiri. Yavuze mu ndimi z'amahanga, yatandukanijwe n'urukundo kubera kwinezeza, imyenda n'amagana n'abadamu. Yakundaga kugenda mu mazi na resitora, arigata ku ruhame ibimenyetso byinshi ndetse n'ibidateganijwe.
Igihe kimwe muri gereza yo mu 1906, yabonaga ubutware bunini, butunganijwe inshuro nyinshi guhunga. Amaze gukora, ariko gukubitwa gufatwa no gucirwaho iteka imyaka 12 abikesha cyane muri Cosduck, aho Ruda yacukuwe. Amaze kwiringira imyambarire, Cottovsky yahindutse aririgadier mu iyubakwa rya gari ya moshi. Yafashije amabandi kwiruka no kwimukira kuri Blagoveshchensk. Kugurisha bike, gukekwa kuyoboye itsinda ry'abasirikare bahunze maze aba umuyobozi mu bitero ku magana no kwijura. Kanda ubudacogora wanditse kuri we.
Mu 1917, Bandita yongeye guta muri yombi, ariko urukiko rwanga kumumenya rufite impinduramatwara, nubwo habaye imyizerere ituranye. Nubwo igihano cyerekanwe cyo kwicwa, Cottovsky yashoboye gutera ubwicanyi. Imvugo yabereye mu gihugu yagize uruhare mu kuvanaho igihano cy'urupfu. Ubutegetsi bwigihe gito bwarwanyaga inshinge zikomeye, kandi uburiganya bwungutse umudendezo.
Igitangaje, ariko, guhitamo ubushake, gukubitwa ubuyobozi bwabasabye gushyiraho brigade kuva abahoze ari imfungwa gushyira mubikorwa ibikorwa byingenzi. Guhura no kwanga cyane, uwahoze ari gangster yinjiye mu bakorerabushake.
Rimwe mu murima wa Taganrog, uburiganya bwakiriye itegeko rya mbere n'umuryango wa ofisiye. Gregory yazanaga kumenyana na Bolsheviks yinjira muri Prestidium ya Komite y'Ingabo y'Imbere y'Abaroma. Yakusanyije umutwe w'abagizi ba nabi 100, yegeranye na Nestor Makhno na Marus Nikiforova, ndetse na Mapani Mishka. Muri Odessa, Ataman nshya yaciriye imanza bashya ku barwanyi bava ku bahoze ari abakatiwe.
Byakemutse by Geregori yakomeje kumena, ariko mwizina rya revolution. Indero no kuganduka byuzuye byasohotsemo. Ubwoko bwa Robibite Hobibi, yabaye amahano ya ba nyir'ubutaka, abyarana nabo. Inkiko n'imiti byasimbuwe n'umwe umwe, ariko mu gihe cy'intambara y'abenegihugu kotovsky yarwaniye aho umutuku kandi yatsindira icyubahiro.
Impinduramatwara ya Gashyantare yamutwaye ikirego, yongera gutwakwa ko ari mu karere k'imiryango. Yatsindiye kubaha abo basirikare maze atorwa muri komite ishinzwe ingabo. Uwahoze ari umujura yavugaga kuri Rallies, yarwanye n'abashinzwe kubaramo kandi ategura amakimbirane y'ingabo zitukura. Cottovsky yahise yakira ipeti ry'umuyobozi wa Brigade y'abasirikare. Yoherejwe ahantu hatandukanye kubera ikibazo kigoye cyatewe na Anton Denikin, Nikolai Yudenich na Simoni Pethanukira. Kuri kimwe mu binyabiziga bya gisirikare, Gregory yashyikirijwe ikirango cya zahabu, kandi amacakubiri ye yari abenegihugu.
Uwahoze ari umugizi wa nabi yinjiye mu ishyaka kandi ahanganira kubaka umurinzi wera. Muri imwe mu ntambara, umuyobozi yakiriye ibintu maze avuga urupfu rwe, ariko yongeye guhaguruka munsi ya Lviv. Mu myaka ya za 1920, igisirikare, cyegeranijwe n'Umugizi wa nabi, cyatsinze ibibanza bya Pethaye i Volokiya, kandi umuswa ubwe yakiriye ibihembo bishya.
Ubuyobozi bwa Gusional bwashimye ibyiza by'umuyobozi no gukuraho agatsiko ka Alexander Antontov. Mu gihe uwahoze ari uburiganya yari ayobowe n'ishami ry'amafarasi ya Crimée kandi risenya agatsiko ka Yuri Tyunyunnik.
Mu mahoro azaza, COTOVSKY yakoraga amahugurwa yo kurwanya abasirikare. Yagize uruhare mu kuzamuka kw'ubuhinzi no gushyiraho inganda muri Ukraine. Intwari nshya yatewe yagize uruhare mu rufatiro rwa Repubulika ya Moldavona.
Nyuma yaho, yinjiye muri politiki, yatowe mu bagize komite za Komite zo mu karere na Moldaine na Moldaviya, yagize uruhare mu gushimangira ingabo zitukura. Clement Voshilov yashimye cyane agaciro ka Kotovsky, na Mikhail Stombing yabonye umudejomuze muri We.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Uwahoze ari umugizi wa nabi yishimye mu buzima bwe bwite. Mu 1920, yashakanye na Olga Shankina. Mbere yo guhura n'uwo bashakanye, umukobwa arashyingiranwa, umugabo we yarapfuye. Yabaye i Moscou mu gihe gisekuru kandi yari umukozi wa tekiniki, urangije ubuvuzi, ariko intambara yamuhatiye kujya mu majyepfo y'imbere, aho uwo tuziranye. Muri Brigade y'umuyobozi mushya, yakoraga nk'umuforomo.
Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, Olga yashakanye n'ingabo zitukura. Mu bashakanye babyaranye abana babiri, umuhungu n'umukobwa. Imfura yumugaba w'ingabo zitukura Grigorievich yabaye umushakashatsi ukomeye muri ikigo cy'ubushakashatsi bw'iburasirazuba ndetse no mu mazu azwi.
Urupfu
Ku ya 6 Kanama 1925, Gregory Kotovsky yiciwe. Ibyago byabereye hafi ye Odessa, i Chabank. Kiza umuyobozi wamakipe yingabo zitukura yagerageje uwo bashakanye. Nyirabayazana w'ibyabaye niwo bayobowe na Meyer Meyer Core.
Umurambo wa nyakwigendera wajyanywe muri Odessa. Impamvu y'urupfu rw'umuyobozi wa gisirikare w'Abaroma Amakimbirane no Gutekereza, ariko ikigeragezo cyakomeje kuba ibanga, kandi icyemezo cyafashwe nyuma y'umwaka. Umuzamu yakiriye imyaka 10 muri gereza kandi mu 1927 yavuyemo imbabazi. Nyuma yimyaka 3, yishwe nabagize itsinda ryambere, bwari buyobowe na komanda. Ibikoresho mu gihe bya Cottovsky bibitswe munsi y'igisimba "ibanga rwose," kandi, wenda, abuzukuru be bazigera bamenya imiterere nyayo y'iyo myaka iyo myaka.
Gukurikirana byabitswe munzira yanyuma hamwe no gushyingura. Umurambo we nyuma yo kosa umukambo washyizwe i Mausoleum, hanyuma ugashyingurwa ku karubanda w'umujyi, nyuma yahinduwe kotovsk. Mu bihe bya Stalin, gusenga umuyobozi w'ingabo umutuku umuyobozi, kandi umukungugu wimukiye muri coffin ya zinc hamwe n'idirishya.
Mu 1941, yashyinguwe hamwe n'abayahudi barashe. Ibisigazwa byakusanyirijwe hamwe na gari ya moshi ikora no kwimurirwa muri Mausoleum nyuma yumwuga. Ukuri gushimishije: Umutima wa Cott ntabwo washyinguwe. Yatunganijwe kandi mu kibindi kivumo inzoga yimuriwe mu nzu ndangamurage y'Ikigo cy'ubuvuzi Odessa.
Kwibuka
Imigani ikikije intambwe z'ingenzi za biografi n'urupfu rwa Kotovsky biracyagwa n'abayobozi b'amateka. Amafoto menshi asigaye afite agaciro kubashakashatsi bagize ibihe byashize. Amateka menshi ya firime yakuweho ku mahirwe yahoze ari igitero, harimo na firime "amateka y'Ukuri y'ikuzimu atan" na seriveri "hamwe n'urugendo rwa Vladislav.
Imijyi imwe n'imwe, imidugudu n'umuhanda bitavuzwe inyuma ya Grigoria Kotovsky, inzibutso mu cyubahiro cye zabitswe muri Ukraine na Moldaviya. Mwaramutse indirimbo kandi mwiyeguriye igisigo.
Ibihembo
- 1921 - Urutonde rwa banner itukura kurwara rwo kwibohora Tiraspol
- 1921 - Urutonde rwa banneri itukura kugirango batsinde ibicuruzwa bya Petlura
- 1921 - Intwaro y'impinduke y'icyubahiro yo kwitabira ibikorwa byo guhana umuhinzi wogosha Antontov
- 1924 - Urutonde rwa banneri itukura kurwana na Tyutyunnik