Biography
UGregory Kotovsky ngumntu ongaqhelekanga, oyibhayoloji yakhe igcwele i-peripentia. Wasinda kwixesha lokuvukela, ukuba wadlula indlela yokutyhubela ulwaphulo-mthetho kumgca wangaphambili kunye nomphathi womkhosi obomvu. Ingqolowa yomphangi kunye nomphangi bathathelwa indawo yimpumelelo kwindima yomphathi weKrasnoarmeysian. Ukusweleka kwejoni laseSoviet kunye neli xesha lezopolitiko ligcwele ikhuselo lemfihlakalo. Abantu ababemazi ukuba bathethe ngaye bathandabuza, kunye nenzala bezongela izigqibo ngokwezifundo ezininzi kunye neezezi. I-Autobiography, eyasekhohlo i-kotovsky, igcwele i-onlings kunye nobume.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UGregory Kotovsky wazalelwa eGanachesta (ngoku umhlaba weMoldova), nge-12, 1881. Phakathi kookhokho bakhe, iMoldovans kunye nezibonda, kodwa xa kubhalwa kwikholamu ebomvu, "ilizwe" labhala ikholamu "yezahlulo", esazi ukuba ayikho. UGrisha wayengomnye wabantwana abayi-6 umsebenzi wabasebenzi. Umama wasweleka xa wayengumntwana.
Emva kokuwa eluphahleni kwiminyaka emi-5, inkwenkwana yaqalisa ukuqhutywa, yabandezeleka ngenxa yokuhlaselwa kukothuka. Ngo-1895, emva kokusweleka kukayise, uGregory Sofi waseGure umngeni kunye ne-manuki bay bebandakanyeka kwikamva likaGregory. Umfana wacwangciswa kwisikolo se-chisinau yesikolo sokwenene, esihlawula imfundo yakhe.
Kanye kwiChisinau ngaphandle kokubek'esweni lwabadala, i-Grigory ilitye ngezifundo zakhe, yathatha uHooligan kwaye emva kweenyanga ezi-3 yagxothwa. Kodwa uthixo akazange avume ukhathalela kwaye abe negalelo ekufikeni kwe-kotovsky kwiSikolo sezoLimo saseCormere, kwakhona bahlawula umxholo wayo. Umlinganiswa oqhumayo waphawulwa nguGregory kwasebutsheni bakhe. Abakhethe bawabonanisa noHooligans bakhe ubunzima obunzima kubunzima bokuzala iinkokeli zenkokeli.
Ngo-1990, isikolo sagqitywa. Kwiminyaka embalwa kamva, uGregory waqhelana needemokhrasi zentlalo. Ukudlulisela isenzo sesikolo, wasebenza njengomphathi oncedisayo kwimida ye-windows. Kodwa kuyo yonke indawo yagxothwa, njengoko yayiqhubeka ityekele ukuze ithande izinto ezingenamsebenzi kunye nombono weendlela zezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuziqhelanisa kuhlala kungafuneki, kuba iDiploma Gregory ayizange inikwe.
Wayedla ngokutshintsha indawo yenkonzo, kodwa wayegxotha rhoqo nabafazi babanini okanye ubuqhetseba. Ngo-1902, uthixo wakhe wafa, kwaye umfana owayesele edilizwe, wayalela itakane lakhe.
Inkonzo yasemkhosini kunye nemisebenzi yezopolitiko
I-cottovsky iqale ukubaleka kumaxwebhu e-fake, ndiza kuzama njengomphathi kumakhaya abantu, kodwa ubuqhetseba, awayebuthembela kuye, andizange ndithembise ubomi ozolileyo. UGregory wagwetywa iinyanga ezi-4 ejele ngenxa yeflegi. Emva koko, wasebenza ekuphathweni amahashe nakwisityalo semboleko. Kwimemo yakhe, indoda yayihlala iguqula izimvo ezikhoyo, ezizivelela kuyilo lobulungisa kunye nokucinezelwa kwengcinezelo. Kodwa ababhali-mbali baxoxa ukuba inguqu yexesha elizayo igqwetha izibakala.
Emva kokufumana umnxeba emkhosini ngo-1904, uCottovski akazange afike kwindawo ehlanganisiweyo kwaye efihliweyo, ebaleka kwilizwe lonke kwaye ebandakanyekile. Ngo-1905, isela labanjwa ngokuphepha inkonzo kwaye lithunyelwa kwi-kosroma yesana. Ukusuka apho, grigoment wasinda, enamaxwebhu athembekileyo. Ukushiya phantsi komhlaba ukuphepha ukohlwaywa ngohlobo lweCortics, i-Cottovskyfid, ukulungiselela ukunqunyulwa kuye, kwaye ngo-1906 kwaziwa kwihlabathi lolwaphulo-mthetho.
Ukuhlaselwa kweebhedi akubanga nenani. Isela lasebuhlungu lifumene igama lesidlaliso Kuba ukubanjwa kwalo mthetho mthetho wathembisa umvuzo. I-cottovsky yayililize kwaye inekratshi kwiipleyiti ezivelisiweyo, igama legama lakhe lamkelwa kuyo yonke indawo. I-radudster yayikukusuk 'i-smart kunye ne-chiter, kwaye umntu onamandla olwando lwe-174 cm wamnika ithuba lokusebenza. Wayethetha kwiilwimi zasemzini, wahlulahlulwe luthando ngobunewunewu, iimpahla zeflethi kunye namanenekazi. Wayedla ngokuhamba kwiivenkile zeqonga kunye neevenkile zokutyela, esoyikela uluntu ngemithambo ebanzi kunye nokungaqiniseki.
Kanye kwiNtolongo ngo-1906, wafumana igunya elikhulu, ukubaleka okuphindaphindiweyo. Nje ukuba akwazi ukusebenza, kodwa wagwetywa ngeminyaka engama-12 enobukrelekrele kwi-ostrog ye-cossack, apho i-Ruda yegolide. Ukukhupha ukuthembana kwabagcini beewadi, i-cottovsky yajika yaba yi-brigadier ekwakhiweni koololiwe ka-Amur. Incede i-bandit ukuba ibaleke kwaye ifudukele kwiBlagovehchensk. Ukurhweba kancinane, grigory yentloko enqunqokelayo yokuphanga amajoni abaleka amajoni kwaye waba yinkokeli kumakhulu ohlaselo kunye nokuphanga. Cinezela ngokungakhathali ngaye.
Ngo-1917, iBandita yaphinda yambanjwa, kodwa inkundla zala ukumqonda ngenguqulelo, nangona kwakuvunywa kwiinkolelo ze-incorchc. Ngaphandle kwesigwebo sokuvakaliswa, i-cottovsky ikwazi ukukhuthaza ukubulawa kwabantu. Uguquko olubanjelwe kweli lizwe lunegalelo ekuphelisweni kwesigwebo sentambo. Urhulumente wexeshana wawuchasa inaliti enkulu, kwaye inkohliso yafumana inkululeko.
Ngokumangalisayo, kodwa, ukukhetha intando, i-Grigory ithethe ngesicelo sokwenza i-brigade kubantu ababengamabanjwa ukuba basebenzise izenzo ezixhobileyo kumgca oxhobileyo. Ukujamelana nokwaliwa kwetyala, iqela langaphambili lemigulukudu lisayine kumavolontiya.
Kanye kwi-Taganrog Sholl esherl, i-fridudster ifumene iodolo yokuqala kunye neGosa leGosa. UGregory wazisa amaqhelane kunye ne-bolsheviks kwaye wangena kwi-Presidium yekomishini yomkhosi wesiRomania. Uqokelele phantsi izaphuli-100 kwabasebenzi abangama-100, basondela kwi-Nestor Makhno noMarus Nikiforova, kunye ne-Mishka yaseJapan. EOdessa, ekugwetyweni kwakhe uAtamann wathotyelwa ngamagorha avela kwinkolelo yangaphambili.
Ukucocwa kukaGregory Deanciating uqhubeke nokwaphula, kodwa egameni lenguquko. Uqeqesho kunye nokuzithoba ngokupheleleyo kugadwe kuyo. Uhlobo lweSoviet Rood, waba yinto eyoyikisayo yabanini-mhlaba, enika ubuqili babo kunye nabo. Iinkundla zamabethe zathathelwa indawo yenye, kodwa ngexesha leMfazwe yaseburhulumenteni uKotovsky ikhusele imeko ebomvu kwaye iphumelele uzuko.
Uhlaselo lwe-Februwari lwazikhupha izityholo ezilungileyo, kwaye i-grigory iphinde yavela kwindawo yokulwa. Wayephumelele intlonipho yamajoni kwaye anyulwa kwiKomiti yeMikhosi. Isela langaphambili lalithetha ngamandla, lalwa kunye nongenelelo kwaye yacwangcisa i-Device. Kungekudala i-cottovsky yafumana isikhundla somphathi we-ardigade. Wathunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yemeko yomkhosi onzima nxamnye no-Anton Denikin, uNikolai Yudenich noSimon Pentuura. Kwinye yeenyawo zasemkhosini, uGregory wawuswa ngegolide egolide, izahlulo zakhe zazineebhedi.
Ulwaphulo-mthetho lwangena kwiqela kwaye lwazabalaza kwiqela elimhlophe. Kwenye yeemfazwe, inkokeli ifumene impikiswano yaza yathi yakufa, kodwa yavuka iphantsi kweLviv. Ngeminyaka yee-1920, emkhosini, eqokelelweyo lelo mthetho ulwaphulo-mthetho, woyisa umhlaba wase-Tetlyly kwiVolochisk, kwaye umphathi ngokwakhe wafumana umvuzo omtsha.
Isikhokelo sikaDisina sakuxabisa ukubaluleka komphathi kunye nokuphelisa iqela le-Alexander Alexander Astonov. Ngexesha lokuqokelelwa kobuqhetseba kukhokelwe yi-cavalry ye-cavalry calran kwaye ibuyise iqela le-yuri tyutynik.
Kwixesha loxolo eliza kubakho, uCotovsky wabandakanyeka kuqeqesho lwabasebenzi basemkhosini. Wayenegalelo ekunyukeni kwezolimo kunye nokusekwa kwemveliso eUkraine. Igorha laseSoviet elitsha elithathe inxaxheba kwisiseko se-fooldovan autofomomomomomomomous frivat.
Emva koko, wangena kwezopolitiko, wanyulwa kwilungu lekomiti yengingqi nephakathi kweUkraine naseMoldova, wayenentembelo ekomelezeni umkhosi obomvu. UClerament Vororilov waxabisa kakhulu i-gooritky ye-kotovsky, noMikhalil rubze wabona usekela kwisekela lakhe kwikamva lakhe.
Ubomi Buqu
Obaluqilima ulwaphulo-mthetho wabonwabile ebomini bakhe. Ngo-1920, watshata u-Olga Shankina. Ngaphambi kokudibana neqabane, le ntombazana yayitshatile, umyeni wakhe wasweleka. Wayehlala eMoscow ngexesha lokuvukelwa kwaye wayengumsebenzi wobugcisa, wagqiba kwezonyango, kodwa imfazwe yamnyanzela ukuba aye kwicala elingasezantsi, apho umntu omaziyo othandana naye wenzeka. Kwi-rigade yomphathi osanda, wasebenza njengomongikazi.
Emva kweminyaka embalwa, uOlga watshata nomkhosi obomvu. Emtshatweni babenabantwana ababini, Nyana nentombi. Amazibulo omphathi we-grigoray grigorarievich yaba ngumphandi ophambili kwiZiko leZifundo zeMpuma kunye ne-Indogist eyaziwayo.
Ukufa
Ngo-Agasti 6, 1925, uGregory Kotovsky wabulawa. Le ntlekele yenzekile kufutshane neOdessa, eThabank. Songa umphathi weqela leRed Wam uzame iqabane lakhe. I-Culprit yesiganeko yayiyinto engaphantsi ye-meyer.
Umzimba womfi wasiwa eOdessa. Unobangela wokusweleka kwenkokeli yaseSoviet yaseSoviet yayiyingxabano nokuqiqa, kodwa ityala lahlala lifihlakele, kwaye isigqibo senziwa kuphela unyaka kamva. Umgcini wafumana iminyaka eli-10 entolongweni kwaye ngo-1927 waphuma eAlusty. Emva kweminyaka emi-3, wabulawa ngamalungu eqela langaphambili, elakhokelwa ngumphathi. Izinto ezikwimeko yeCottovsky zigcinwa phantsi kwebhotile "ifihlakele," kwaye, mhlawumbi abazukulwana bakhe baya kufunda ngendlela yokwenene yeminyaka.
I-grigory yayigcinwe kwikhondo lokugqibela ngomngcwabo ovuthayo. Umzimba wakhe emva kokuqhwatywa kwe-mausoleum, emva koko wangcwatywa kwisikwere seSixeko, emva koko waphinda wabizwa nge-Kotovsk. Ngamaxesha kaStalin, ihlelo levesi yenkokeli ebomvu, kwaye uthuli lwaya kwi-chinc corfon ngefestile.
Ngo-1941, wangcwatywa kunye namaYuda atyhidiweyo. Izidumbu zaqokelelwa nguloliwe osebenzayo kwaye zatshintshelwa kwiMausoleum emva kokuhlala. Inyaniso enomdla: Intliziyo kaCott ayingcwatywe. Wayeqhutywa kwaye kwi-jar enotywala yatshintshelwa kwimyuziyam yeZiko le-ODESSA.
Imemori
Iintsomi ezijikeleze amanqanaba ebhayiloji kunye nokufa kuka-Kotovsky kusezifundwe ngabantu ababhali-mbali. Iifoto ezininzi ezisele zibalulekile kubaphandi beziganeko zexesha elidlulileyo. Amabali amaninzi eefilimu asuswa kwi-adventres yeRARED yefilimu, kubandakanya nefilimu ethi "Imbali Yokwenene EnguAman" kunye nongcelele "uKotovsky" ngokuthatha inxaxheba kweVladislav.
Ezinye izixeko, iilali kunye nezitrato zibhalwa emva kwe-Grigoria Kotovsky, iiliko kwimbeko yakhe zigcinwe eUkraine naseMoldova. Molo iingoma kwaye wazinikela kumbongo.
Amabhaso
- Ngo-1921-iodolo yebhendi ebomvu yokulwa inkululeko ye-tiraspol
- Ngo-1921 - i-odolo yebhendi ebomvu yoyiswa kwi-petlira
- Ngo-1921 - Isixhobo soguquko sokunxibelelana ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwizenzo zohlwaywa ngokuchasene ne-antonov ye-antonov
- Ngo-1924 - i-odolo yebhedi ebomvu yokulwa nxamnye ne-theutynik