I-Biograge
UGregory Kotovsky ungumuntu ongavamile, ongumlando wakhe ugcwele i-peripetia. Usinde ngesikhathi sokuvukelwa, esedlule endleleni kusukela kulayini waya kulayini ophambili kanye nomphathi webutho elibomvu. Okusanhlamvu komphangi kanye nomphangi kwathathelwa indawo yimpumelelo endimeni yeKrasnoarmeysian Commander. Ukufa kwesosha laseSoviet kanye nesibalo sezepolitiki kwembozwa yikhethini lemfihlakalo. Abantu ababemazi ukuthi bakhulume ngaye ngokuqinile, futhi inzalo ithola iziphetho ngesisekelo sezifundo eziningi kanye nezikhumbuzo. I-Autobiography, iKotovsky esele, igcwele ukweqisa nokungenangqondo.Ubuntwana nentsha
UGregory Kotovsky wazalelwa eGanchesta (manje insimu yaseMoldova), ngoJulayi 12, 1881. Phakathi kokhokho bakhe, ama-Moldova nezigxobo, kepha inguquko, lapho ebhalela ibutho elibomvu, ikholomu "yobuzwe" yabhala "uBessarabetse", yazi ukuthi ayikho. UGrisha wayengomunye wabasebenzi abangu-6 wezingane. Umama washona eneminyaka.
Ngemuva kokuwa ophahleni ngomdala 5th, umfana waqala ukuqina, wahlaselwa ngokuhlaselwa okwethusayo nesithuthwane. Ngo-1895, ngemuva kokushona kukayise, uGregory Sofia Chelle noManuk Bay bahlanganyela esikhathini esizayo sikaGregory. Le nsizwa yahlela esikoleni sangempela saseChisinau, ikhokha imfundo yakhe.
Lapho eseChisinau ngaphandle kokugadwa kwabadala, uGrigory ukhohliwe ngezifundo zakhe, waqala ama-hooliganism kwathi ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3 kwaxoshwa. Kepha unkulunkulu wayengenqabe ukunakekela futhi waba nomthelela ekufikeni kweKotovssky esikoleni sezolimo, futhi akhokha okuqukethwe kwawo. Umlingiswa oqhumayo wahlukaniswa uGregory kusukela ebusheni bakhe. Amaphini abona ama-hooliganism akhe alwa nobunzima bokuhlukumeza abaholi balowo mholi.
Ngo-1990, isikole saqedwa. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, uGregory waletha ejwayelene neDemokhrasi Yezenhlalo. Ukudlula umkhuba wesikole, wasebenza njengomphathi wosizo kumninindlu. Kepha kuyo yonke indawo kwaxoshwa, ngoba kwenzeka ukuthi uthambekele ekuthandeni izimangaliso nombono wezinto ezibonakalayo. Ukuzijwayeza kuhlale kungapheli, ngakho-ke leli diploma gregory alizange linikezwe.
Wayevame ukuguqula indawo yenkonzo, kodwa wayehlala exoshwa ngokuxhumana nabafazi babanikazi noma inkohliso. Ngo-1902, wafa uNkulunkulu wakhe, futhi le nsizwa eyayivele inedumela elihlanganayo, yayala ikusasa lakhe.
Inkonzo Yezempi Nemisebenzi Yezepolitiki
UCotTovsky waqala ukugijima emibhalweni eyimbumbulu, ngazama ukuthi ngiyimenenja kwamanye amazwe abantu, kodwa ubuqili, ayenguye, akazange athembisa impilo ethule. UGregory wagxekwa izinyanga ezi-4 ejele ngefulegi. Kamuva, wasebenza ekuphetheni kwamahhashi nasesitshalweni sokukhiqizwa ngobhiya. Emilweni yakhe, indoda ivame ukuyenza imibono ebonakalayo, iziveze ekulweni nobulungiswa nomvikeli ocindezelwe. Kodwa izazi-mlando zithi inguquko yesikhathi esizayo ihlanekezela amaqiniso.
Ngemuva kokuthola ikholi embuthweni webutho ngonyaka we-1904, uCotTvsky akafikanga endaweni yokuhlanganisa futhi ehlehlisile, egijima ezweni lonke futhi enze umshado. Ngo-1905, isela liboshelwe ukugwema insizakalo futhi lathunyelwa kunhlangano ye-kostroma infantry. Ukusuka lapho, uGrigory waphunyuka, elungiselele amadokhumenti angembumbulu. Ukushiya phansi komhlaba ukugwema ukujeziswa ngesimo sama-cortics, iCotTovsky Hid, ukuhlela okuvela kuye uqobo, kwathi ngo-1906 badume ezweni lobugebengu.
Ukuhlaselwa kwamabhande kwakungenayo inombolo. Isela elidumile lathola i-NICKNAME Hellish Attama. Ngoba ukuthathwa kwesigebengu kuthembisa umvuzo. UCotTovsky wayeyize futhi uyaziqhenya ngamapuleti akhiqizwayo, igama legama lakhe langeniswa yonke indawo. Umkhohlisi wayeyinto ehlakaniphile futhi eyi-chiter, futhi isibalo esinamandla ngokwanda ngo-174 cm wamnika inzuzo engokwenyama. Ubekhuluma ngezilimi zakwamanye amazwe, wahlukaniswa uthando ngokuthezeka okunethezekile, izingubo ezifashisayo namantombazane. Wayevame ukungena ezinkundleni zemidlalo yeshashalazi kanye nezindawo zokudlela, efuna umphakathi ukuthinta okubanzi nokungahleleki.
Wake waba sejele ngo-1906, wathola igunya elikhulu, ahlelele kaningi ukuphunyula. Lapho esekwazi ukusebenza, kepha uGrigory wabanjwa futhi wagwetshwa iminyaka engu-12 eqaphile e-Cossack Ostrog, lapho iGolden Ruda imbiwe. Usevele wacela ukwethenjwa kwabadidekisi, uCotTvsky waba yiBrigadier ekwakhiweni kwe-Amur Railway. Kwasiza i-bandit ukuthi isebenze futhi idluliselwe eBlagoveshchensks. Ukuxolela okuncane, ama-grigory aqonde ukuqunjelwa kokuphanga amasosha abalekile futhi waba ngumholi ngamakhulu okuhlasela nokuphanga. Cindezela ngokungakhathali wabhala ngaye.
Ngo-1917, uBhendita waphinde waboshwa, kepha inkantolo yenqabile ukumbona ngenguquko, yize bekunokuqashelwa ezinkolelweni ze-anarchic. Naphezu kwesigwebo esivezwayo sokubulawa, uCotvsky wakwazi ukukhuthaza kusuka ekubulaweni. Inguquko ebanjwe kuleli yafaka isandla ekuqedeni kwesigwebo sentambo. Uhulumeni wesikhashana waphikisana nomjovo omkhulu, futhi inkohliso yathola inkululeko.
Ngokumangazayo, kodwa, ukukhetha entandweni, uGrigory wabhekana neziphathimandla ngesicelo sokwenza iBrigade kusuka eziboshwa kwangaphambilini ukuze zisebenzise izenzo ezihlomile emgqeni ohlomile. Lapho ebhekene nokwenqaba kokuhlukaniswa, owake wabhalwa gangren ebhalisele amavolontiya.
Uma ususeshalweni le-Taganrog Infantry, umkhohlisi wathola i-oda lokuqala kanye nesikhundla sesikhulu. UGregory waletha ukujwayelana namaBolsheviks futhi wangena e-Persimium yeKomidi Lamasosha leRomania ngaphambili. Waqoqa izigebengu ezivela ezigebengwini eziyi-100, wasondelana noNestor Makhno noMarus Nikiforova, kanye neMishka yaseJapan. E-Odessa, i-Ataman esanda kwahlulelwa yalalelwa amaqhawe avela kwalowo owayenecala lalowo owayelo.
I-solvenment by gregory deachment yaqhubeka nokuphuka, kepha egameni lenguquko. Isiyalo nokuzithoba okuphelele kubusekele kukho. Uhlobo lwe-soviet kaRobin Hood, waba yisabekayo yabanini bomhlaba, enikeza ukuhlakanipha nabo. Izinkantolo namahlumela zathathelwa indawo yinye eyenziwe yinye, kodwa ngesikhathi sempi yombango Kotovsky evikela isikhundla sobomvu futhi wawina inkazimulo.
INqabayokulinda kaFebhuwari yasusa amacala athi kuye, futhi kwabuye kwavela uGrigory endaweni yokulwa. Wanqoba inhlonipho yamasosha futhi waqokwa ekomitini lamasosha. Isela langaphambili lalikhuluma ngemibuthano, lalwa nokungenelela futhi lahlela amabutho abomvu avela. Ngokushesha uCottovsky wathola isikhundla somkhuzi we-infantry brigade. Uthunyelwa ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yesimo sezempi esiyinkimbinkimbi ngokumelene no-Anton Denikin, uNikolai Yudenich noSimon Petlyura. Ngomunye wempi yamasosha, uGregory wethulwa ngewashi legolide, futhi ukwahlukana kwakhe kwakukhona amabhanela ahlonishwayo.
Isigebengu sangaphambili sajoyina iqembu sazabalaza ngokumelene neqembu elimhlophe lokuqapha. Kwesinye sezimpi, umholi ukutholwa kabusha futhi washo ukuthi ukufa kwakhe, kodwa waphinda wavuka ngaphansi kweLviv. Ngawo-1920s, ezempi, eziqoqwe yiselelesi, zanqoba izimbotshana zikaPetlyura e-Vollochisk, futhi abaqashi uqobo bathola umvuzo omusha.
Ukuholwa kweHasiona kwakwazisa ubuhle be-Commander kanye nokuqeda iqembu leqembu lika-Alexander Antonov. Ngaleso sikhathi umkhohlisi wangaphambili waholwa yisigaba saseCrimean Cavalry futhi wehlise iqembu lezigelekeqe laseYuri Tyutyunnik.
Esikhathini sokuza esizayo, iCotovsky yahlanganyela ekulweni nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi bezempi. Waba nesandla ekukhuphukeni kwezolimo kanye nokusungulwa kwemboni e-Ukraine. I-soviet esanda kwenziwa eyenziwe yiSoviet ibambe iqhaza esisekelweni seMoldova Automous Soviet Republic.
Ngemuva kwalokho, wangena kwezombusazwe, waqokwa ilungu lamakomidi ezifunda kanye namaCentral e-Ukraine naseMoldova, wahlanganyela ekuqiniseni ibutho elibomvu. UClement Voroshilov wazazisa kakhulu ubuhle be-kotovsky, kanti uMikhail Phreze wabona isekela esizayo kuye.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isigebengu sangaphambili sasijabule empilweni yakhe. Ngo-1920, washada no-Olga Shankina. Ngaphambi kokuhlangana noshade naye, le ntombazane yashada, umyeni wakhe washona. Ubehlala eMoscow phakathi nenguquko futhi wayeyisisebenzi sobuchwepheshe, eseqedile ukwelashwa, kepha impi yamphoqa ukuthi aye eSouthern, lapho umuntu ojwayele khona. Emcimbini we-Commander esanda kushesha, wasebenza njengomhlengikazi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka embalwa, u-Olga washada nebutho elibomvu. Emshadweni babenezingane ezimbili, indodana nendodakazi. Amazibulo omkhuzi weReging Army Grigory Grigorivich waba ngumcwaningi oholayo eSikhungo Sezifundo ZaseMpumalanga kanye nodokotela we-Indologist odumile.
Ukushona
Ngo-Agasti 6, 1925, uGregory Kotovsky wabulawa. Inhlekelele yenzeka ngase-Odessa, eChabank. Gcina umkhuzi wamaqembu eRed Army wazama owakwakhe. Umsolwa walesi sigameko kwakuwumgogodla we-grigory meyer ongaphansi.
Isidumbu somufi sayiswa e-Odessa. Imbangela yokufa komholi wezempi waseSoviet wezempi edume yimpikiswano nokubonisana, kepha ukuqulwa kwahlala kuyimfihlo, futhi lesi sinqumo senziwa kuphela ngonyaka kamuva. Umgcini etholile iminyaka eyi-10 ejele kwathi ngo-1927 waphuma wazethemba. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, wabulawa ngamalungu eqoqo langaphambili, elaliholwa ngumkhuzi. Izinto zokwakha endabeni yeCottovssky zigcinwa ngaphansi kweViture "imfihlo ngokuphelele," futhi, mhlawumbe, abazukulu bakhe bayoke bafunde ngesimo sayo le minyaka.
UGrigory wagcinwa endleleni yokugcina enomngcwabo ovuthayo. Isidumbu sakhe ngemuva kokufakwa emzimbeni wakhe eMausoleum, sabe sesingcwatshwa esigcawini somuzi, ngemuva kwalokho sasiqanjwa kabusha ngokuthi iKotovsk. Ezikhathini zaseStalin, ihlelo leRed Army Reader vesi, nothuli bathuthela ebhokisini le-zinc ngewindi.
Ngo-1941, wangcwatshwa kanye namaJuda adubula. Izidumbu ziqoqwe yisitimela esisebenzayo futhi zidluliselwa eMausoleum ngemuva komsebenzi. Iqiniso elihehayo: Inhliziyo yeCott, ayingcwatshwanga. Wacutshungulwa futhi embizeni enotshwala wawudluliselwa emnyuziyamu we-Odessa Medical Institute.
Ukukhumbula
Izinganekwane ezizungeze izigaba ezibalulekile ze-biography futhi ukufa kweKotovsky kusafundwa izazi-mlando. Izithombe eziningi ezisele zibalulekile kubacwaningi bezehlakalo zesikhathi esedlule. Izindaba eziningi zefilimu zisuswe ekuhambeni kwangaphambilini kwalowo owayehlaselwe, kubandakanya nefilimu "umlando wangempela we-Hell Ataman" nochungechunge oluthi "Kotovsky" ngokubamba iqhaza kweVladislav Galkin.
Amanye amadolobha, amadolobhana nemigwaqo aqanjwe ngokuthi uGrigoria Kotovsky, izikhumbuzo ezizonikwa zakhe zigcinwe e-Ukraine naseMoldova. Sawubona izingoma futhi uzinikele enkondlweni.
-Zuzayo
- Ngo-1921 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu sokulwa kwenkululeko yeTiraspol
- Ngo-1921 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu sokunqotshwa kwezinto zePetlura
- Ngo-1921 - Isikhali Sokuhlobisa Isikhali sokubamba iqhaza kwezenzo zokujezisa ngokumelene nokuvukelwa kwabampofu kwe-Antonov
- Ngo-1924 - Ukuhleleka kwesibhengezo esibomvu sokulwa noTyutyunnik