Chiphunzitso
American Robert Irwin Howard idadziwika ngati chithunzi cholembedwa omwe adagwira ntchito mumitundu yolimba, yoopsa ndi yofufuza. Adabwera ndi ngwazi ya Conbara ndipo adapanga kuzungulira pafupi ndi nthawi ya Hayborsyky, monga zikuwonekera ndi filimuyo, mbiri yonse "padziko lonse lapansi.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Robert Irwin Howard adabadwa pa Januware 22, 1906 m'banja la dokotala wakumidzi ndi woyenda yemwe amakhala ku Texas. Ubwana wa mnyamatayo unadutsa m'mizinda yaku America ndi famu, ndipo ziwonetsero za nthawi ino pambuyo pake zidalowa ndi nkhani yolemba.
Makolo a wolemba mtsogolo anali anthu owerenga komanso ophunzira, koma chifukwa cha ndalama zomwe anali kuchita za moyo. Kutumiza mwana wamwamuna kusukulu, amasamalira chifuwa chachikulu chodwala komanso momwe angachitire mwayi uliwonse wakufa.
Mavuto azachuma omwe akhudzidwa paubwenzi wapakati, ndipo mayi wa mdindoyo anayamba kudana ndi Atate wake. Mwanayo nthawi zonse amachitira umboni ndi mikangano komanso mikangano yocheperako komanso kuyambiranso zaka zakwaniritsidwa kuti dziko linali lachiwawa ndi zoipa.
Zovuta ndi zobisika zoyipa zinakhudza maphunziro awo, komanso wolemba wamtsogolo kuti apewe kulangidwa amafunika kuphwanya makoma a sukulu. Adathamanga mafamu amafa ndi mafakitale, nalowa ndewu ndi achinyamata ena, chifukwa cha zowawa, zowawa, zopwala ndi zida zidawonjezedwa pamndandanda wa mavuto abanja.
Kufunitsitsa kumenyana ndi ophwanyawo kunapangitsa kuti madamu azichita zosiyanasiyana, ndipo anayesa zigawo zingapo, ankakonda kulimbana ndi nkhonya. Kuphunzitsa ndi kuwona machesi ndi kutenga nawo mbali kwa Jack Johnson ndipo Bob Fizzimmons adathandizira mwamphamvu funso lililonse.
Pakadutsa masiku ambiri, misewu yaulemerero imamasula mabuku, ndipo posakhalitsa makolo ndi aphunzitsi adapeza talente yake yamaphunziro. Kumayambiriro kwa 1915, adayamba kulemba nkhani zabwino ndipo sanatuluke mnyumba nthawi yayitali, ngati kuti hermit kapena oyang'anira.
M'magawo amayambirilo, nkhondo ya wamagazi pakati pa ma Vikings, Aluya ndi nthumwi za mafuko ena opeka omwe amafunikira. Kenako, mothandizidwa ndi Jack London, Robert Irin adayamba kulemba za kubadwanso, komanso miyambo yoyesedwa yodziwika kuyambira nthawi zakale.
Moyo Wanu
M'moyo wa Robert Irin urwin adapita ku mayi yemwe adasindikiza mabuku ake pansi pa dzina la mphunzitsi wa Nyuvalini. Okonda anali kuganiza za ukwati, koma anaphonya kanthawi ndi kugawa. Nkhaniyi yafotokozedwa mu memooirs yakhala anthu ambiri.Mabuku
Mu 1924, Howard adayamba ntchito ya akatswiri, kugulitsa nthano "ndi ntchentche komanso klyuk". Kenako anayamba kugwira ntchito yatsopano, kuwonetsera kuchuluka kwa moyo wake, koma sanasankhe kufalitsa ntchitoyi ndikubisala.
Pofuna kuphimba mtengo wazopeka, Robert Irwin adatumikira mu nyuzipepala ya mzinda wa mzindawu, kenako anali mlembi m'bwalo la positi ndi othandizira alemer muofesi imodzi. Miyezo ya ndakatulo ndi ndakatulo yomwe idapangidwa nthawi imeneyi idadzazidwa ndi zithunzi zambiri monday ndipo zidakhala ndi halo yodabwitsa.
Mu 1926, uthenga wachilendo utoto udagula nkhani ya Howard, yemwe adasindikizidwa pomwepo ngati "ufumu wa mithunzi". Unali ntchito yoyamba mu mtundu wa nthano, zomwe, kuweruza ndi chithunzi chochokera pa zojambulazo, wolembayo amakhulupirira mpaka kumapeto kwa masiku.
King Klam Kell, yemwe adakhala woyamba wa Conan-Varvara ndi ngwazi zina, ankakondedwa ndi owerenga America kukhala zifukwa zingapo. Wolemba wachinyamatayo adapanga kupitilizidwa kuti "magalasi a tuzong tunya", kenako nkusandukiranso zomwe ophunzira ena adachita.
M'ngululu ya 1928, wolemba buku la wolemba ntchitoyo adabwezeredwanso ndi ntchito, pomwe Phitanin Solomon Kane anali mkati mwa chiwembu choyambirira. Choyamba kumeza kumene motere kunachititsa mantha kwambiri za mbiri ya "zigawenga za mwezi", "zitunda za imfa" komanso "pansi pa mtundu wa mithunzi yamagazi".
Pang'onopang'ono, Robert Irwin adagulitsa ntchito ya Pulp yamasewera, kukhala m'misewu & Smith pofalitsa nyumba. Pamenepo, adayamba kuyambitsa dziko lapansi ku Bukhu la Nkhani zonena za mabokosi, komanso mitu ndi zolembedwa kuchokera ku Bungwe la Deblut "mwiniwake wa tsoka."
Mu 1930, a Howard adakhala membala wa kuzungulira kwa chikondi cha chikondi cha chikondi cha chikondi, adatulutsa nkhani "kumbuyo kwa mtsinje wa Black." Ndipo kenako adaganiza kuti zowona zakale zitatha, owerenga ndi otsutsa amafunikira ngwazi yatsopano.
Chifukwa chake panali kuzungulira kwa maulendo a lupanga ndi matsenga, pomwe munthu wotchedwa Donayo ankakhala ndi zimphona komanso anthu. Pakati pa nkhani zomwe zidapita kwazomwe zidapita kuzomwezo "anthu akuda", "Phossos", "mfiti zakuda", "mfiti zidzabadwa" ndi "mthunzi wokwawa".
Imfa
M'chilimwe cha 1936, a Howard adakhumudwa ndi kukhumudwa chifukwa cha matenda osachiritsika, omwe amakondedwa. Mkazi atagwa mwa iye, kuwombera m'mutu mwake kunali komwe kunapangitsa kufa kwake, chifukwa kunalibe chikhumbo kapena nyonga kuti akhalebe.M'bali
Clock "Solomo Kane"
- 1928 - "pansi pa chivundikiro cha mithunzi yamagazi"
- 1929 - zigawenga pakati pa nyenyezi "
- 1930 - "Mwezi wa Imfa"
- 1932 - Mapiko usiku "
Ozizira ozizira
- 1929 - "Ufumu wa Mithunzi"
- 1929 - "kamphindi tuzong tuna"
Kuzungulira "Conan"
- 1933 - "Tizilombo tathalla"
- 1933 - "Nsanja ya Elephant"
- 1933 - "Colossus Wakuda"
- 1933 - "mthunzi wowoneka bwino"
- 1934 - "Anthu akuda"
- 1935 - "Kwa mtsinje wakuda"
- 1935 - "Mthunzi wa Lembela"
- 1935 - "Ora Chinjoka"
- 1936 - Misomali yokhala ndi zipewa zofiira "