Wolemba Mikhal Bulgakov amadziwika kuti ndi wolemba modabwitsa kwambiri kwa zaka zapitazi. Analankhula ndi mzukwa wa Gogilo, kuseweredwa pakupanga Charles Dickens ndikutola matikiti kuchokera ku ziwonetsero zomwe anali mwayi kuchezera. Malangizo ena osangalatsa okhudza mikhail bulgakov - mu nkhani 24cm.
Kuyankhulana ndi Stulin
Mbiri ya ubale wa mtsogoleri ndi wolemba amaberekabe zokambirana. Malinga ndi olemba mbiri, Stalin anali bwino ponena za ntchito ya wolemba, zomwe zidawakhumudwa ndi lonjezano la Anti-Soviet.Komabe, ntchito imodzi inali isanakhudzidwe ndi "Tate wa anthu". Uku kunali kusewera kwa masiku a Mcat ", koloko", komwe, malinga ndi deta yosatsimikizika, mtsogoleriyo amawona maulendo 15. Pambuyo pake, bulgakovyahyady adayesa kutsutsa izi kuchokera ku moyo wa wolemba ndipo adalemba nkhani yomwe mkazi wachiwiri Mikhashausevich adawonetsa kuti ndi "Lipo".
Pakadali pano, Stalin adalemekeza kusewera kwa bulgakov, ndipo adawona tanthauzo la ntchito yomwe ili mu "mphamvu yopotoza ya Bolshevism," pomwe anthu ngati ma Turbine adakakamizidwa kuti agonjetse zofuna za anthu.
Mu 1930, nthawi zolemera zidabwera ku Bulgakov: M'mapulogalamu omwe adakana, masewerawa adajambula kuchokera ku mokondweretsa, zidakhala kuti tisakhale moyo. Atakhumudwitsidwa ndi vutoli, wolemba amalemba kalata yopita kwa Stalin ndi pempho loti atulutse kunja kapena kulola kugwira ntchito kudziko lakwawo.
Kuchokera pa zolemba za Elena Shilovskaya anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa zochitika za masiku amenewo zomwe mwamuna wake adamuuza. Kalata itatumizidwa m'nyumba panali mayitanidwe kuti abwerere Stalin, yemwe adafunsa momwe wolemba zakunyumba zawo amatopera. Ndipo mtsogoleriyo adapempha kuti agwire ntchito zojambulajambula ndikukumana kuti acheze.
Pambuyo kukhulupirika kotero kuchokera kwa mlembi wamkulu, bulgakov anali ndi ntchito. Komabe, kudziwikiratu kozindikira mikail Afasastevich sanadikire, ndipo zokambirana sizinachitike.
Pambuyo pake, bulgakov adalemba play "Batim" za unyamata wa Stalin. "Abambo a anthu" ankaganiza kuti ndi zopangidwa zabwino, koma mwina kuchokera ku kudzichepetsa, kuletsa za iye.
Izi zidasokonekera chifukwa cha thanzi la wolemba, ndipo bulgakov matenda obadwa nawo. Madokotala abwino kwambiri a USSR adakopeka ndi chithandizo cha wolemba, kuphatikizapo dokotala wa eni ake a Seclessor Professor Vunogradov.
Chowonadi cha moyo wa wolemba ndichosangalatsa, kuti mikhawail Afanastevich a Joseph Vissarnavich kucheza ndi satana, ndipo nthawi zambiri amadziphatikiza ndi ngwazi ya Johann, yemwe chifukwa cha kupambana adagulitsa mzimu kwa mdierekezi.
Ubwenzi ndi Mdyerekezi
Bulgakov idamangidwa ndi ulusi wachinsinsi komanso kwa munthu wachitatu wa Elena Shilovskaya. Ndi msonkhano woyamba pa malaya a mkazi, nthiti yotseguka, ndipo mosiyanasiyana adapempha kuti agwirizane ndi chimbudzi.
Pambuyo pake, Mikhayil Asascach adzachotsa ulosi wa Kiev Gypsy, womwe unganene kuti: "Mkazi woyamba - wochokera kwa Mulungu, wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu - wachitatu kuchokera kwa munthu, wachitatu - wachitatu ndi wachiwiri." Amati bulgakov akuwoneka kuti amakumbukira za zokumbukira ndipo mkaziyo amatchedwa "mfiti", akudziona kuti adzafunsidwa kuti ndiye msonkhano woyamba.
Zosamveka bwino, koma ndikubwera kwa Helena, moyo wa Bulgakov wasintha, ndipo mkazi wake adasamalira zolemba pamanja za mwamuna wake ndikusonkhanitsa pepala lililonse. Kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri za Mdyerekezi kunayamba kukhala osavuta, ndipo bolodi la olemba magazilo lidabadwa, pomwe malongosoledwe a mtunduwo adalandira masamba 15, zomwe zidali zokayikitsa za omwe adadziwana ndi bukuli.
Ngati mukuwonjezera mu 30s wa bulgakov, poyerekeza ndi akatswiri ena ojambula, adakhala ndi akatswiri ena modekha ndipo sanachite mantha poimba khomo, mkazi wa wolemba adanamizira mphamvu zodetsa. Mphekesera za kutengapo gawo la bulgakov kwa massons ndi kutenga nawo miyambo yamatsenga.
Kuwoloka Ndemanga
M'malo osangalatsa okhudza mikhail bulgakov, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti wolemba a Wolf ", chifukwa, ngakhale kuti ndi luso lopanga, lomwe limatsutsa wolemba. Inde, ndipo Mlembiyo adadzakhala wopanda chisoni kwa Iyemwini, pokhulupirira kuti akulenga Rvani, womwe ukuyenera kuyaka ndi zobisika kwa anthu.Pazaka khumi, ndemanga zankhanza zamveka za zaka khumi kuchokera polemba zochitika. Ndipo atatu okha ndi omwe "amayamikiridwa."
Mkazi wachiwiri wa wolemba Belozberskaya anavomereza kuti bulgakov anasonkhanitsa mafayilo ochokera m'manyuzipepala ndi magazini ake mu ntchito inayake. Ndipo pamene kuchuluka kwa ndemanga kunakula, mawonekedwe a Bulgakov awonongeka. Wolemba adasakwiya, adavutika ndi kugona komanso kusuntha.
Pambuyo pake, mkazi wachitatu wa wolemba mu 1967 adadutsa ndi A. Solzhenitsyn mndandanda wa adani a Bulgakov, komwe mtanda, nkhupakupa zimayikidwa patsogolo pa maimelo otchuka. Mu 2004, nkhani ya Solzheiln "aphail Bugakov bulgakov," arhail Bulgakov bulgakov, "mtsogoleri wa Mikhah," adasindikizidwa mu nkhani yamasiku 12, komwe mndandandawu "udaperekedwa, monga momwe adalonjezera munthu wamasiye wa Wolemba, komanso mndandanda wosiyana ndi adani "a Turbines".
Prototypes mu "mbuye ndi margarita"
Ntchito yayikulu ya bulgakov idakhala buku "mbuye ndi margarita". Maganizo ake omwe adadzakhala purototype ya Mbuye, adasokonekera. Mwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mayina a Maxim Gorky, Osip Mandelstam, faitro, Yeshua. Palinso lingaliro lina kuti m'njira zambiri chithunzi cha mbuyeyo chidalembedwa kuchokera kwa wolemba, monga akutsimikiziridwa ndi zaka za Mikastevich.
Protototype wa Margarita anali mkazi wachitatu wa wolemba Elena Shilovskaya, yemwe amamuganizira zakale ya Bulgakov. Monga prototype, Margarita panthawi yodziwika ndi mbuyeyo sanali ogwirizana. Kufananaku kunayambiranso kufotokozedwa kwa ngwazi. Nkhani yodabwitsa yomwe bulgakov idauza mkazi wake mbandakufa idakhala ndi Elena.
Zinakhala kunyumba yomwe mtsogolo mwamwali adakhala moyo, adagwedeza "munthu wocheperako" wonenepa ", wofanana ndi Gogol. Kenako Mikhail Aipasastevich sanapereke tanthauzo la izi, ndipo pambuyo pake zinthu zidachotsedwa.
Prototype anali mvuu. Prototype wa wothandizira VOland adakhala mphaka wotchedwa Mfuti. Malinga ndi mkazi wachiwiri, wolemba adadzoza chilengedwe cha mvuu yamphaka yamphaka, yomwe wolemba sanatenge manja ake chifukwa chofinya, koma adalola kuti balovenica akhale patebulo, ndikuyika pepala.
Ndipo lingaliro lachinsinsi lochokera ku kaphala la hipetet limanena kuti ndi dzina lotere, bulgakov amakhala mzimayi wopanda nyumba m'nyumba ya wolemba, ngakhale kuti Nyamayo sinaphunzitse.
Kubisitsa
M'malo osangalatsa okhudza mikhail bulgakov, ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti wolemba sanadziwe momwe angasamalire ndalama. Pa ukwati woyamba, sanathe kusungitsa ndalama. Mkwatibwiyo adapita kuguwa popanda kuphedwa. Makolo a wamkulu woyamba wa bulgakov adamupatsa zabwino, koma wolemba wosakakamiza akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatila za taxi. Zojambulajambula nthawi zonse zimakhazikika ku Lombard.Komabe, Mikhail Afanastevich idakhala chinthu chosangalatsa. Ndalama zomaliza zikakhala chakudya, wolembayo adapita kasino, adapanga yekha kuti azicheza. Mphatso imeneyi sanali osowa komanso otaya mtima.
Udothi
Mikail bulgakov anali ndi vuto lowononga. Kuthandiza Mwana Kumwalira kuchokera ku diphtheria mu 1917, wolembayo adayamba kukayikira kuti ali ndi kachilomboka. Kuti mupewe kukula kwa matendawa, bulgakov idadziwikiranso kutsutsana ndi zotsatira zake.
Wolemba ali ndi nkhope ndi thupi lokutidwa ndi zotupa, ululu unayamba. Kuti muchepetse zizindikiro, mkazi wa bulgakov wollen morphine, tsiku lotsatira njirayi idabwerezedwanso kwa prophylaxis. Izi zidapezeka kuti ndizokwanira kupanga zosokoneza.
Masiku angapo pambuyo pake, ululuwo unachitika, ndipo chizolowezi chomwa mankhwala, tsopano kuchokera ku kusungula. Sungani mkazi woyamba wa bulgakov kuchokera kwa zomwe amakonda, zomwe m'malo mwa ma ampoules morphine adachepetsa madzi osungunuka ndipo pang'onopang'ono adachepetsa kuchuluka kwa morphine ndi madzi a jakisoni.
Komabe, kudalira kumakwiyitsa "kuswa" komanso kukhumudwa kwambiri. Mu 1918, bulgakov adafunsa kale morphine kuchokera kwa mkazi wake, ndikuponyera primpu yoyaka mmenemo ndikuwopseza otembenukirawo. Chimodzi mwazomwe zidachitika m'chipindacho zidalowa, malinga ndi wolemba, Gogol, yemwe adawopseza bulgakov ndi chala chake. Zimakhala ndi tanthauzo loyenera. Patsikulo, wodalitsidwa adayamba kubwerera. Amakhulupirira kuti wolemba sanakhudzidwe ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Ndipo mu 2015 zidadziwika kuti pa masamba a zolemba pamanja "Master ndi Margarita" adapeza morphine. Phunzirolo linakhudza masamba 127, omwe anapangidwa kuyambira 1936 mpaka 1940. Mwinanso mankhwalawo adagunda mapepalawo kuchokera ku malovu, kapena kudzera pakhungu la wolemba.
Masamba oyamba a zolemba pamanja anali ndi zinthu zochepa zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale psychoactimem, ndi 100 ngs adapezeka pamasamba 8. Pakadali pano, pangani kuwunika kofananira ndi zitsanzo za zaka zomwe zikanati atulutsidwe ndi mankhwala - wolemba kapena antchito a NKVD, alephera. Pakadali pano, zidafotokozedwa kuti magome a mankhwala ovomerezedwa pambuyo 1936, sakanakhoza kukhala modalirika.
Klad
Zimatseka malingaliro osangalatsa okhudza mikhail bulgakov, kuthekera kwa bwanawe mwatsatanetsatane komanso kuwonetsa zochitika mu ntchito zawo. Muzatsopano "Woyera", Mikhail Afasasvich, adafotokoza chisa cha banja cha Turbine, kutenga zokumbukira za nyumbayo ku Kiev ngati maziko.
Ndipo zonse zikhala bwino, koma buku lakale, chuma chopangidwa chikuwonekera, chomwe chimayang'anira owerenga, ndipo adapita kukafunafuna golide wa ku Turbine pomanga, zomwe zidawonongeka kwambiri kuposa kutumizidwa kwa Adiev.