Umbhali uMikhail Bulgakov uthathwa njengowona mbhali ungaqhelekanga wenkulungwane edlulileyo. Wanxibelelana nesiporho sikaGogol, edlalwa ekuqulunqweni kweCharles Dickens kunye nokuqokelela amatikiti avela kwimidlalo awayenethamsanqa ukuba nethamsanqa lokutyelela. Ezinye iinyani ezinomdla malunga ne-mikhail bulgakov - kwi-24cm ye-24cm.
Unxibelelwano neStalin
Imbali yolwalamano lwenkokeli kwaye umbhali ungenza le ngxoxo. Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, uStalin wayepholile ngomsebenzi wombhali, owawuguqukayo sisithembiso seSoviet.Nangona kunjalo, omnye umsebenzi wawukwachukumiseka 'nguyise wezinto'. Lo yayingumdlalo wemihla ye-MCAT ", ethi, ngokwedatha engafezekiswanga, inkokeli ibukele izihlandlo ezili-15. Emva kwexesha, iBulgakovady izamile ukuphikisa le nyaniso kubomi bombhali kwaye wafumana inqaku elingumfazi wesibini uMikhail Afanasilevich wabonakaliswa ukuba yayingu "Lipa".
Ngeli xesha, uStalin wayehlonitshwa umdlalo weBulgakov, kwaye wabona intsingiselo yomsebenzi "wamandla okugqwetha," apho abantu banyanzelwa ukuba boyise ukuthanda kwabantu.
Ngo-1930, izihlandlo ezinzima zeza eBulgakov: Ngomsebenzi abavumayo, imidlalo yabekwa kwi-sundormoire, ayizange iphile. Ikhathazekile yile meko, umbhali ubhala ileta eya kwi-stalin ngesicelo sokuyikhulula kwelinye ilizwe okanye makayisebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kwilizwe lakhe.
Ukusuka kwiDayiri yase-Elena Shilovskaya bakwazile ukubuyisela imicimbi yezo ntsuku zimxelelayo umyeni wakhe. Emva kokuba le leta ithunyelwe eflethini kwakukho umnxeba wokuya kwi-stalin, eyabuza ukuba udinwe njani kumbhali kwilizwe lakhe. Kwaye emva koko inkokeli inikezelwe ukusebenza kwithiyetha ye-ART kwaye ihlangane kwincoko.
Emva kokuba ingqibelelo evela kunobhala ngokubanzi, iBulgakov yayinomsebenzi. Nangona kunjalo, i-sundo elindelekileyo yokwamkelwa i-mikhail afhail afhanasilevich ayikaze ilindelwe, kwaye incoko ecwangcisiweyo ayizange iqhubeke.
Emva kwexesha, iBulgakov yabhala "i-batum" malunga nolutsha lweStalin. "UTata wezizwana" wakujongwa yimveliso elungileyo, kodwa mhlawumbi ekuthobeleni, evinjelwe ukusebenza ngokwakhe.
Oku kwajongwa phantsi kwempilo yombhali, kwaye iBulgakov yasikhulisa isifo esilifa. Oogqirha ababalaseleyo base-USSR banomdla kunyango lombhali, kubandakanya ugqirha wobuqu oPhakathi jikelele vinograph.
Inyaniso yobomi bombhali inomdla, ukuba i-mikhail afanashiich iqulathe inzala kaJoseph goust, kwaye yayihlala inxulumana ne-gesti yedemon.
Ubuhlobo noMtyholi
I-Bulgakov ibotshelelwe kwintambo engacacanga kunye neqabane lesithathu le-Elena Shilovskaya. Ngentlanganiso yokuqala kwimikhono yomfazi, iribhoni ingenziwanga, kwaye icelwe ukuba ibopha inkonzo yangasese yombhali.
Emva kwexesha, i-mikhail afanashich iya kuphila kwakhona iKiev Gypsy, eya kuthi ithi: "Umfazi wokuqala - owesibini - ovela kuMtyholi." Batsho ukuba i-bulgakov ibonakala kwiinkumbulo kunye nomfazi obize "igqwirha", azijonga ngokucelwa ukuba abuzwe njengentlanganiso yokuqala.
Ngengaqhelekanga ngokwaneleyo, kodwa ngokufika kukaHelena, ubomi baseBulgakov buphucukile, kwaye inkosikazi yakhe yanyamekela imibhalo-ngqangi yendoda yakhe kwaye yaqokelela yonke iphepha. Umsebenzi kwinoveli malunga noMtyholi uya kulula, kwaye iBhodi yokuHukathiswa yeSicatshulwa yazalwa, apho inkcazo yeWand Band Amestene i-Afanankevich ene-noves yenoveli.
Ukuba uyakongeza ukuba kwi-30s yeBulgakov, xa kuthelekiswa namanye amagcisa, awayehlala ngokuzolile kwaye engazange akhwaze ekubizeni ucango, umfazi wombhali wayetyholwa ngamandla angcolileyo. Amahemuhemu malunga nokuzibandakanya kwe-bulgakov ye-Manans kunye nokuthatha inxaxheba kwiindawo zobugqi.
Ukucoca uphononongo
Kwiinyani ezinomdla malunga ne-mikhail bugakov, kufuneka kongezelelwa ukuba umbhali uzibize ', kuba, ngaphandle kwetalente yokuyila, ukugxeka kubetha umbhali. Ewe, kwaye iMbhali ngokwakhe yahlulwa kuye, ikholelwe ukuba udala iRvani, ekufuneka ivutha ebantwini.Kule minyaka ilishumi, abangama-298 uphononongo lwentiyo luye lwavela kwishumi leminyaka ukusukela kwimisebenzi yokubhala. Kwaye ezintathu kuphela "ziyancomeka."
Umfazi wesibini woMbhali thanda i-helzezerskaya eyamkelayo ukuba i-Bulgakov iqokele i-Flubgakov evela kumaphephandaba nakwimagazini ngemisebenzi yayo eyahlukileyo kwi-albhamu eyahlukileyo. Kwaye njengenani lophengululo lwakhula, imvakalelo ye-bulgakov echithiweyo. Umbhali akacaphukisi, wabandezeleka ngenxa ye-insommia kunye nentshukumo yokuzibandakanya nentloko.
Emva koko, umfazi wesithathu wombhali ngo-1967 waphulukene no-A. Solzhenitsy izintlu zeentshaba zaseBulgakov, apho umnqamlezo, imikhazami yema phambi kwefani ezaziwa. Ngo-2004, inqaku le-Solzhenitsyn "I-Aberds Mikhail Bulgakov," amabhaso, uMikhail Bulgakov, epapashiweyo kwimbambano ye-12 yehlabathi "njengoko kwakuthethwayo umhlolokazi Umbhali, kunye noluhlu olwahlukileyo lweentshaba zekrele "iiturbines".
Iiprototypes kwi "MARTION NORGARITA"
Owona msebenzi uphambili weBulgakov waba yinoveli "inkosi neMargarita". Izimvo malunga nokuba ngubani owaba yi-prototype yeNkosi, eyahlulwa. Phakathi kweenguqulelo ezithandwayo ngamagama eMaxim Gork, eOsisip Mandelstam, i-goust, okshuwa. Kukho ingcinga yokuba ngeendlela ezininzi umfanekiso obhaliweyo ovela kuMbhali ngokwakhe, njengoko ubonakalisiwe lixesha lomlinganiswa, kunye neengcebiso zokugxekwa kwemisebenzi ye-mikhailyevich.
Iprototype ye-Margarita yayingumfazi wesithathu wombhali u-Elena Shilovsaya, owayegqalwa njengemyuziyam yaseBulgakov. NjengeProttype, iMargarita ngexesha lokwazi ngeNkosi ayihambelani. Ukufana kwagqitywa kwinkcazo ye-heroine. Ibali eliyimfihlakalo malunga nokuba yeyiphi iBulgakov eyaxelela umfazi wakhe ngaphambi kokuba asweleke efile i-Elena.
Kwavela ukuba kwindlu apho iqabane lesithathu elihlala kwixesha elizayo, yambetha "umntu omncinci ophantsi", ofanayo neGogol. Emva koko i-mikhail afanaasilevich ayizange inike intsingiselo, kwaye kamva le meko yacocwa.
Iprototype yayiyeyona hippo. Iprototype yomncedisi we-voland yaba ikati egama lingusonga. Ngokutsho kweqabane lesibini, umbhali waphefumlela ukudalwa kwe-hippopotatus yomgubo wekati, owawuthathela ingqalelo umbhali ezandleni, kodwa wavumela iBaloveni ukuba ihlale kwitafile yokubhala, ibeka iphepha.
Kunye nengcebiso engathethekiyo yemvelaphi ye-Hippitty Cat ithi ngegama lesidlaliso, iBulgakov yayihlala kwibhinqa elingenakhaya kwindlu yombhali, kodwa inja elumkileyo eyayisazi i-charnes chimes yonyaka omtsha, nangona Isilwanyana asizange sifundise.
Ukunkcitho
Kwiinyani ezinomdla malunga ne-mikhail bulgakov, kufuneka kongezelelwa ukuba umbhali akakwazi ukuba ungayilawula njani imali. Kumtshato wokuqala, akazange akwazi ukwenza imali. Umtshakazi waya kwisibingelelo ngaphandle kwe-bita. Abazali bentloko yokuqala yeBulgakov bathumela umxholo olungileyo, kodwa umbhali ongenantlonelo unokuchitha uhambo lweeteksi. Ishedyuli yokuhombisa ibihlala i-lombard.Nangona kunjalo, i-mikhail afaanyevich iguqukile ukuba ibe yinto enomdla. Xa imali yokugqibela ihleli yokutya, umbhali waya kwi-Casino, enza kuphela ukubheja kwaye waphumelela. Esi sipho Wayengaqhelekanga kwaye aphelelwe lithemba.
Avema
I-mikhail bulgakov yayinomlo otshabalalisayo. Ukunceda umntwana afe ka-Diftheriya ngo-1917, umbhali waqalisa ukrokrela ukuba wosulelekile. Ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuphuculwa kwesi sifo, iBulgakov yazinikezela kwi-serum ephikisayo apho iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.
Umbhali unobuso kunye nomzimba ogutyungelwe ngenkani, ipende iqale. Ukuntywila iimpawu, umfazi kaBulgakov Wollen Morphine, ngosuku olulandelayo inkqubo yayiphindwa iprophylaxis. Oku kwavela ukuba kwanele ukuphuhlisa imvume.
Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa kamva, kwakubanjwa intlungu, kwaye umkhwa wokuthatha ichiza, ngoku evela kwisithukuthezi, sasala. Songa umfazi wokuqala weBulgakov ovela kwizinto ozithandayo umyeni wakhe, endaweni ye-AMPOULES MOROULETS AMANZI AMANDLA AMANDLA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA WOKUGQIBELA.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuxhomekeka kucaphukise "ukwaphula" kunye noxinzelelo olunzima. Ngo-1918, i-bulgakov sele ifune i-morphine ivela kwinkosikazi yayo, iphosa i-puris evuthayo kuyo kwaye isoyikisa i-cacever. Omnye wohlaselo egumbini wangena, ngokombhali, uGogol, owayesoyikisa i-bulgakov ngomnwe wakhe. Yayinempembelelo efanelekileyo. Emva kwaloo mini, ukuxhomekeka kwaqala ukubuyela. Kwakholelwa ukuba umbhali akazange achukunyiswe ngakumbi kwiziyobisi.
Kwaye ngo-2015 kwaziwa ukuba kumaphepha emibhalo-ngqalelo "inkosi kunye neMargarita" izazinzulu zafumana ukulandelwa kwe morphine. Olu phononongo lubandakanya amaphepha ayi-127, eyadalwa ukusuka ngo-1936 ukuya ku-1940. Mhlawumbi isiyobisi sibethe amashiti ephepheni nokuba livela kumathe, okanye ngolusu lombhali.
Amaphepha okuqala abhalwe ngesandla aqukethe ukulandelwa kwento encinci yengqondo, kwaye i-100 ii-NG zafunyanwa kumaphepha esahluko sesibhozo. Okwangoku, yenza uhlalutyo lokuthelekisa kunye neesampulu zaloyo loo minyaka, eliya kufumanisa ukuba ngubani oshiyekileyo lichiza - umbhali okanye abasebenzi be-NKVD, abaphumelelanga. Okwangoku, yacaciswa ukuba i-Buligas yamachiza amkelwe emva kowe-1936, ayikwazanga ukwenza ngokuthembekileyo.
Klad
Ivala ukhetho lweenyani ezinomdla malunga ne-mikhail bulgakov, amandla epeni yepeni ngokweenkcukacha nakuphikiswa ukuchaza iziganeko kwimisebenzi yazo. Kwinoveli "yoGqirha", i-mikhail afanashich, ichaze iinkumbulo zosapho, zithatha iimbumbe zeJunior yeNdlu eKiev njengesiseko.
Kwaye yonke into iya kuba ilungile, kodwa kwinoveli, ubuncwane obususiweyo bubonakala, abathi intloko intloko yabafundi, kwaye baya kukhangela kwidilesi ye-tuev ye-kiev ye-kiev ye-kiev ye-kiev yedilesi ye-kiev ye-kiev.