Chiphunzitso
Yakobo Mikhailovich Sverdlov adabadwa pa Meyi 22, 1885 (malinga ndi deta ina - Meyi 23). Mkhalidwe wamtsogolo komanso wolamulira wakale udakulira ku Nizhny Novgorod. Ntchito ya Bolshevik ndi Revolotary idatsogolera Sverdlov kupita ku komiti yayikulu ya rsddp (B), RCP (B). Anthu a gulu limodzi adadziwa Yakobo Mikhavich pansi pa ma pseudonys a "smirnov", "andrei", "Mikhail Permyak", "Max".Ubwana ndi Unyamata
M'banja la Mikhail Israel ndipo Elizabeth Solomonovna Sverdsy, mwana wamwamuna adabadwa - Yakov. Mnyamata wocheperako anali bambo. Adagwira ntchito ndi engigever. Amayi amatsogolera chuma. Kuphatikiza pa Yakobo, panali ana asanu m'banja la Sverdelov, kuphatikiza ana aakazi awiri.
Akatswiri akukhulupirira kuti dzina lenileni la mtsogolo silikhala ku Sverderlov, koma Gaukhmann. Wolemba mbiri I.F. Opendekera nawo pali zonse kubadwa kwa Yakov wotchedwa Esua-Solomon Monshevich kapena Yanke Miimovich.
Mu 1900, tsoka lafika m'banjamo - mayi wa Yakova sverlova amwalira. Koma wobadwa atatenthedwa posachedwa. Posakhalitsa Mikhail Israel adakwatirana nthawi yachiwiri ndipo ngakhale adatenga mkazi wa Orthodoxy. Maria Aleksandrovna Krmaltststsheva adakhala mayi wopeza wa Revolution. Anabereka abale awiri a Yakov.
Zaunyamata wa mnyamata wina amadziwa zochepa. Sverdlov adamaliza maphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi chaka chachinayi, kenako adayamba kuphunzira pharmar. Ku Nizny Novgorod, ali mwana, Yakov adatchuka pazinthu mobisa. Malinga ndi chithunzi chokwanira, chomwe chidatsalira m'mbiri, munthu angaweruze kuti Sverdlov amavala magalasi chifukwa cha masomphenya osauka.
Chisanachitike
Yakov Sverdlov pachaka pambuyo pa kumwalira kwa mayiyo kujowina magulu a Camomer Democrate. Kale mu 1903, imayamba kudzitcha yekha bolshevik ndi chizolowedwe. Yakov adayenda ku Russia ndi mawu oponderezedwa. Anachezera ku Yeusteinburg, Kostroma, Kazan. Mu likulu la urals, adayesa kukhala mutu wa Komiti ya Apdllp.
Sverdlov adakonza gulu lomwe antchito obisika omwe adakumana ndi magetsi omwe adalowa, kuphatikiza mphunzitsi wa yunivesite ya N.N. Batirin, Maria Aveida, fakitale fakitale, mutu wa nkhondo F.F. Syromoloov, A.E. Minkin. Yakov Mikhailovich anayambitsa machenjerero a ekaterinburg. Mobisa zolankhulidwa ndi mavawelo E.S. Kadomtseva, kenako nkufika nawo ku St. Petersburg. Bungwe la Mabuku ankhondo pakati pa gulu logwira ntchito lidathandiza Sverdlov kukhala wotchuka.
Ku Yekaterinburg, mu 1905, Sverdlov adakhazikitsa Council of Countrats. Pambuyo pake amasuntha. Nthawi zambiri Mikhailovich nthawi zambiri amagwa m'manja mwa mabungwe azamalamulo ndipo ngakhale anali m'ndende, kenako mu ulalo. Koma ngakhale nthawi ino adagwiritsa ntchito popereka phindu - adachita maphunziro okha. Mu 1910, Sverdlov, kukhala mu ulalo wa narym, kumatha kuthawa ndikuyamba makalata ndi v.i. Lenin.
KUSINTHA KWAULERE
Atangobwerera kuchokera ku zonena, Sverdlov amapita ku ekaterinburg pamsonkhano wachigawo wa Ural. Koma mogwirizana ndi izi, Yakobo Mikhailovich anali akukonzekera kuwukira kwa provertian ku Urals. Inali njira yosunga ndalama ngati, ngati inrograd cougrad sakupita pa dongosolo.
Kusintha kwa February kunali kopambana, Bolsheviks adakwanitsa kubwezeretsa kuchokera kumpando wachifumu wa Emperor Nicholas II. Mfumuyi pamodzi ndi banjali imasamutsidwa ku Tobolsk, kenako ku Ekaterinburg. Lingaliro la kuphedwa linapangidwa mu Julayi 1918. Woyambitsa kuphedwayo anali bungwe la Council of Fores. Ngakhale akatswiri anachita sentensi, Sverdlov anali ku Moscow. Koma ld Trolandy adakumbukira pambuyo pake kuti Yakov Mikhailovich sanali gawo lomaliza lomwe lidasewera popanga chisankho pa kuphedwa.
Msonkhano woyamba wa v.i. Lenin ndi Sverdlova adachitika pa Epulo 24, 1917, mkati mwa msonkhano wa 7 wa RSDLP. Mtsogoleriyo adapereka malangizo osiyanasiyana kwa Yakov mikhailovich. Anali Lenin yemwe adathandizira kuti a Bolshevik ndi a Komiti yapakati komanso mutu wa Secretariat a Komiti yapakatikati pa Ordlp. Sverdlov mwachangu amachititsa malingaliro a mtsogoleri. Panali zambiri zokhudzana ndi iye zomwe angagwiritse ntchito kuti apirire maudindo ake. Yakobo Mikhailovich adakwanitsa kulinganiza ndikutumiza mbali yolondola.
Mkango umafotokozedwa m'buku la "Zithunzi za kusinthana kwake" mtundu wake wa SVDerlov. Amakhulupirira kuti Bolshevik amafuna kuti utsogoleri akhale ndi phindu landale. Koma sizinali ngati Council of A CRANSESS ndi Vutoburo. Yakova Mikhailovich ngakhale anali ndi mikangano pankhaniyi ndi mamembala.
Sverdlov adayamba kuwonetsa "kulengeza maufulu a wogwira ntchito ndi anthu ozunzidwa". Chikalatachi chidapangitsa kuphatikiza Council of Perpenties ndi Council of Ogwira ntchito ndi gulu lankhondo. Kusintha kumeneku kunasankhidwa kukhala tcheruman wa RSKD Central Center Center. Kwa miyezi ingapo, yakov mikhailovich inali ndi Bureau wa Komiti Yosintha kwa Petrograd.
Bolshevik anali atachita mafelemu omwe amalamulira dzikolo. Makamaka kuti maphunziro awo adakonzedwa ndi sukulu ku ICI. Pambuyo pake adasinthiratu University University. Chilazi. Sverdlova. Mu 1939, bungwe la maphunziro lidasinthidwa kukhala sukulu yapamwamba.
Pamutu pa Commission, yomwe idapanga Constitution of RSFSR, inali Yakov Mikhailovich. Kutembenukirako kunafuna kuti pakhale kutchuka ku dzikolo. Mapulani onse a makhonsolo amatha kukhala aufulu. Pofunsidwa kwa anthu okhala m'madera omwe angapangitse mabungwe aukhondo.
Mudziwo sunagawika ndale pamsasa wa osauka ndi alakov sverdlov adati pamsonkhano wa wtcik, womwe udachitika mu Meyi 1918. Mwinanso, pomwe ndi dzanja lakuwala la Yakov Mikhailovich, mwachindunji anawonekera, omwe amaloledwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zolimbikitsira pa chiwongola dzanja cha cossacks pa don. NJIRA ZOPHUNZITSIRA ZOPHUNZITSIRA AKUFUNA KUTI AKHALE BOLSEVIK, koma sizinaphule kanthu. Atsogoleri a chipani chotsutsana nawo anali kuseri kwa mipiringidzo.
The Soviet Republic idakhala kumisasa imodzi yankhondo atayesa ku Lenin, odzipereka pa Ogasiti 30, 1918. Pa chisankho ichi chinaima SVedov. Munthawi imeneyi, Yavovi Mikhailovich imabweretsa "zoopsa zofiira", zomwe zimapangidwira adani a gulu la Evolution mdziko muno.
Sverdlov adatenga maudindo a Wapachiro a SNK, pomwe Lenin adathandizidwa. Mapepala otembenukirawo adasaina m'malo mwa mtsogoleri wa Proncereariat, adapita kumisonkhano. Yakov Mikhailovich adakhala wokonza zochitika zandale. Bolshevik adakonza zowerengera za chikomyunizimu, zomwe adachita m'makomo a kulumikizana kwa Belarus, Lithuania, Ukraine ndi Latviine.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin adayankha za nthabwala. Woyang'anira adamuwona Yakobo Mikhavich wofunika komanso wofunikira. Malinga ndi mtsogoleriyo, kusowa kwa Sverdlov kudzawonekera mwachangu. Imfa ya Bolshevik atamwalira, Lenin adamuyitanitsa wopanga akatswiri omwe adakwanitsa kupambana kalasi yogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito.
Kukambitsirana za nthawi ya nthawi ya Bolshevik kumachitika mu kanema "yakov sverdelov. Makina a Magazi a mphamvu ya Soviet. " Akatswiri aphunzira zambiri pazaka 16 atamwalira ndi Mikhailovich, omwe amasunga golide wa banja lachifumu. Oyang'anira zolemba adayesa kuzindikira ubale pakati pa Sverdlovy komanso lenin.
Moyo Wanu
Mu zaka zazing'ono sverdlov zofananira ndi zomangira za ukwati ndi E.f. Schmidt. Pamene Revolution ikafika zaka 20, mwana wamkazi E.i. Wobadwa Sverdlova. Koma ukwati udagwa.
Bolshevik Posakhalitsa anakwatirana a Claudia Timoteeeevna Novgorod. M'mabwalo a Soviet, mayi wachichepere adayimiriridwa ndi Olga Novgorod okhala. Mtsikanayo adabisala m'nyumba yake "diamondilburorouro". Ndalama zomwe zimasungidwa mndende Novgorod zomwe zidafunikira, chifukwa cha kutaya mphamvu, kukulitsa kayendedwe ka kusintha kwa chitukuko komanso kukhala ndi chiyembekezo cha Bolsheviks.
Mu 1911, mwana wa Andrei Yavlevich amabadwa m'banjamo. Mnyamatayo sanali abwenzi omwe ali ndi matupi a NVK, omwe adalowa kawiri mwa oyang'anira malamulo. Pankhani ya Mwana wa Revolution, akuti andrei adabzalidwa chifukwa cha anti-Soviet.
Ngakhale sanali ngati Soviet dongosolo la Soviet, mwana wa Sverdlova adalowa mu NkgB ndi AGB ya USSR. Kukhala kholo, Andrei anapemphanso ndende, koma khotilo lidapukusa kuthokoza chifukwa cha imfa ya Yosefe Stalin. Patatha zaka ziwiri, banja la Sverdlov lidakhala ana ambiri - mwana wamkazi adabadwa. Za moyo wachikhulupiriro cha Sverdlovaya sichodziwika.
Imfa
Imfa ya Nastala Yakova Sverlova mosayembekezereka. M'mabuku a Bolshevik, akuti pa Marichi 6, 1919, Revolutary adachokera ku Kharkov kupita ku Moscow. Panjira, Yakov Mikhailovich adadwala ndi Spain. Matenda owopsa adapita mwachangu. Pamasiku awiri okha, Sverdlov adafika ku likulu. Boma la thanzi la bolshevik linawerengedwa kwambiri. Yakov Mikhailovich amakhala mpaka pa Marichi 16.
Mu zaka zimenezo, zinali zachilendo kupanga masks opita patsogolo, motero sizosadabwitsa kuti akatswiri adakwaniritsa izi. Maliro andale wotchuka adachitika pa Marichi 18, 1919. Manda a Sverdlov ali pafupi ndi khoma la Kremlin, mbadwa zimabweretsa maluwa ku chipilala kupita ku Bolshevik.
Dokotala wa Sayansi ya Arkady Vaxberg amakhulupirira kuti chomwe chimayambitsa chifukwa chakufa kwa Yakov Mikhailovich sanakhazikitsidwe. Mu zaka zimenezo, mphekesera zidapita - akuti Bollshevik amamenya antchito paulendo wopita ku Mphungu. Cholinga chake chinali Chiyuda chidachokera ku Revolution. Nzika zinati zimachititsa manyazi kusinthika ndikulimbikitsa zikhumbo za antimit.
Lingaliro lofananalo lidayikidwa patsogolo ndi wolemba mbiri YU.G. Felshtinsky. Malinga ndi wasayansi, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin adalumikizana ndi kupha kwa Sverdlov. Koma lingaliro ili silinapeze chitsimikizo chovomerezeka.
Kukumbuka
- 1938 - "Great Garla"
- 1940 - "Yakov Sverdlov"
- 1957 - "Ulemerero"
- 1965 - "Malawi Ophunzitsa Akazembe"
- 1965 - "Lamulo ladzidzidzi"
- 1968 - "Lachisanu ndi Chimodzi Julayi"
- 1975 - "Kwenikweni"
- 1982 - "mabelu ofiira"
- 1998 - "Romanovs. Banja la Venetian "
- 2007 - "Ufulu Waisanu Nawo Nenar Makhono"