Biography
Jacob Mikhailovich Sverdlov akaberekwa muna Chivabvu 22, 1885 (Maererano neimwe data - Chivabvu 23). Mangwana ematongerwo enyika uye nyika yakakurira muNizhny novgorodhi. Basa reBolshevik uye Revolutionary LED SVERDLOV kuenda kuCentral Dare reRSTDP (B), RCP (B). Vanhu vebato rimwe chete vaiziva Jacob Mikhailovich pasi peiyo pseudonyms of "Smirnov", "Andrei", "Mikhail Permyak", "Max".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mhuri yeMikhaliri Israel naErizabheteth Jehovahvna Servdlovy, mwanakomana akaberekwa - Yakov. Iye oga mukomana aive baba. Akashanda nemuongorori. Amai vakatungamira hupfumi. Pamusoro peJakobho, kwaive nevana vashanu mumhuri yeSvuru, kusanganisira vanasikana vaviri.
Nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti iro zita chairo remangwana rekuchinja harisi kure Servdlov, asi Gukhmann. Munyori wezvenhoroondo I.f. Vagadziri vanofunga nezvose zvekuzvarwa kwaKakov vanonzi Eshua-Solomon Movshevich kana Yankel Miimevich.
Muna 1900, dambudziko rinouya mumhuri - amai veKakova Sverdlova vanofa. Asi murume akafirwa achangobva kupiswa. Pasina nguva Mikhail Israel akaroora kechipiri uye akatotora mukadzi waOrthodoxy. Maria Aleksandrovna Kormiltsheva yakava amai vekuchinja. Akabereka Yakov vakoma vaviri.
Pamusoro pehudiki nehudiki hwejaya anoziva zvishoma. SVERDLLOV yakadzidziswa kudzidziswa mumitambo yeGymnasium pagore rechina, akabva atanga kudzidza nyaya yemishonga yemishonga. MuNizhny Novgorod, achiri mudiki, Yakov akave akakurumbira nezve pasi pevhu. Zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwakawanda, hwakasara munhoroondo, mumwe anogona kutonga kuti SVERDLOV inogara ichipfeka magirazi nekuda kwechiono murombo.
Pamberi pekuchinja
Yakov Sverdlov gore mushure mekufa kwamai majoina anobatana neRussian Sourt Democratic Vashandi veVashandi veRussia. Yatova muna 1903, inotanga kuzvidaidza kuti a bolshevik uye shanduko. Yakov akafamba muRussia nekutaura kwekutaurirana. Akashanyira Yikaterinburg, Kostroma, Kazan. Muguta guru reUral, akaedza kuva musoro weDare reko reRSDLP.
SVERDLLOV yakaronga boka mune iyo yakasangana nevashandi vevashandi vepasi pevanopinda, kusanganisira mudzidzisi weInyunivhesiti Yunivhesiti NP. Baturin, Maria Aviida, Mikhail Factory, musoro wehondo squad f.f. Syromolototov, a.e. Minkin. Yakov mikhalovich akatsamwisa kutaura kwevanochinja muIkaterinburg. Iyo pasi pevhu inotaurwa neVowels E.S. Kadomtsseva, uye akabva asvika pamwe navo kuSt. Petersburg. Sangano rekurwisa mabhuku pakati peboka rekushanda rakabatsira SVERDLOV kuti riwedzere kufarirwa.
MuJekaterinburg, muna 1905, SVERDLOV yakatanga kuDare revashandi vevashandi. Gare gare anofamba achipinda mumhuri. Jacob Mikhalovich akawira mumaoko emakwenzi ekumanikidza emutemo uye kunyange aive mutorongo, ndokuzobatana. Asi kunyange panguva ino aishandisa kubatsira - aive adzimba. Muna 1910, Sverdlov, kuva muNarym link, kunoita kuti vapukunyuke uye kunotanga tsamba neV.i. Lenin.
Revolution Makore
Nokukurumidza mushure mekudzoka kubva kuRevhitiko, SVERDLOV anoenda kuEkaterinburg yeUral Dunhu Bato Party Musangano. Asi zvinoenderana neizvi, Jacob Mikhalovich aigadzirira kumuka kwe prolentarian mune ural. Yaive sarudzo yekubhiraka kana iri, kana muPetrograd coup iri isiri kuenda pane chirongwa.
Iyo February rumporution yakabudirira, bolshevek yakawana kudzoreredzwa kubva kuchigaro cheMambo Nicholas II. Mambo pamwe chete nemhuri inotamiswa kuTobolsk, uyezve kuEkaterinburg. Chisarudzo pakuurayiwa chakaitwa muna Chikunguru 1918. Iyo Intator yekuurayiwa yaive kanzuru yemabhokisi evanhu. Nepo nyanzvi dzakatora mutsara, SVERDLOV yaive muMoscow. Asi ld Trotsky anoyeuka gare gare kuti Yakov Mikhalovich chaisave yekupedzisira basa rekuita mukuita sarudzo pakuurayiwa.
Musangano wekutanga weV.i. Lenin uye Sverdlova akaitika musi waApril 24, 1917, panguva yemusangano wechi7 weRSDLP. Mutungamiriri akapa mhando dzakasiyana dzemirayiridzo kuna yakov mikhalovich. Yakanga iri lenin iyo yakakonzera kugadzwa kweBolshevik nenhengo yedare repakati uye musoro weChidhodhi weDare repakati reRSDLP. SVERDLOVLEV ACHENJERI KUTI ISANGANO Pfungwa dzemutungamiri. Paive neruzivo rwakawanda rwakamukomba kuti aigona kushandisa kusimbisa chinzvimbo chake. Jacob Mikhalovich akakwanisa kuronga uye kutumira masasi munzira chaiyo.
Shumba trotsky inotsanangurwa mubhuku rinonzi "mifananidzo yevandomutumidzira" vhezheni yake yemafambiro eSVERDLOV. Aitenda kuti Bolshevik aida kuti hutungamiri hwehunhu hwezvematongerwo enyika. Asi hazvina kufarira kanzuru yemakomisheni uye yematongerwo enyika. Yakova Mikalovich chaive neyekupokana pane iyi nyaya nenhengo dzemasangano.
Sverdlov akatanga aunza "kuziviswa kwekodzero dzemushandi uye vanhu vakabatsirwa". Gwaro iri raiita kuti rigone kubatanidza kanzuru yematare emutevedzeri uye kanzuru yevashandi nevamiriri vemuto. Iyo yekuchinja yakagadzwa sachigaro yeRSKD Central Exhibition Center. Kwemwedzi yakati wandei, Yakov Mikhaillovich yaisanganisira bureau yekomiti yeCommolutionary Kudzivirira kwePetrograd.
Iyo Bolshevik yakanga yaita mapuranga akatonga nyika. Kunyanya kuti vadzidziswe kwavo kwakarongedzwa nechikoro kuICI. Gare gare akatumidzwa zita rekuti Communist University. Ya.m. SVERDLOVA. Muna 1939, nzvimbo yedzidzo yakashandurwa muchikoro chepamusoro chebato.
Pamusoro pekomisheni, iyo yakagadzira bumbiro reMSFSR, waivewo Yakov mikhalovich. Shanduko yaida kubatana nevanhu kuti ibudirire munyika. Zvirevo zvese zvese zvemakanzuru zvinogona kuve marudzi emahara. Pakukumbira kwevagari vematunhu vaigona kugadzira kubatana kwemubatanidzwa.
Musha wakakapatsanura zvematongerwo enyika pamisasa yevarombo uye ku kulakov Sverdlov akati pamusangano weWTCCOK, iyo yaiitwa muna Chivabvu 1918. Pamwe, neruoko rwemwenje rweYakov Mikhaillovich, dhairekitori rakaonekwa, iro raibvumidzwa kushandisa zvinhu zvakashata mumatanho emucheto pane iyo don. Kuruboshwe geners vakada kusunga Bolshevik, asi havana kubudirira. Vatungamiriri vepati dzinopikisa ivo pachavo vaive vasvika pamazariro.
Soviet Republic yakava imwe yemauto emauto mushure mekuedza Lenin, akazvipira muna Nyamavhuvhu 30, 1918. Nechisarudzo ichi chakamira SVERDLOV. Pakati peino nguva, Yakov Mikhalovich anozivisa "Kutya kutsvuka", kutungamirwa kuvavengi vekuchinja kwekuchinja kuri munyika.
SVERDLOv yakatora mabasa eSachigaro weSNK, nepo Lenin akarapwa. Mapepa ekuchinja akasainwa panzvimbo pemutungamiriri weProletariat, akaenda kumisangano. Yakov mikhalovich yakava yakarongedzerwa ane ruzivo rwezviitiko zvematongerwo enyika. Iyo Bolshevik yakaronga iyo 1st Congress yeCommunist International, yakatora chikamu mumakambani ekukurukurirana kweBelarus, Lithuania, Ukraine naLatvia.
Vladimir Ilyich Lenin akapindura nezve comedors neruremekedzo. Maneja aiona kuti Jacob Mikhailovich uye akakosha. Zvinoenderana nemutungamiri, kushomeka kweSverdlov kuchangoonekwa. Mushure mekufa kwaBolshevik, Lenin akamudaidza kuti anomukira anochinja-chinja iye akawana kukunda kweboka rinoshanda mukuchinja.
Kufunga kwevanhurume nezverudzi rwebasa reBolshevik rakarongedzwa muRogwaro Rwiyo "Yakov Sverdlov. "Ropa muchina weSoviet Simba." Nyanzvi dzakadzidza ruzivo pane yakawana makore gumi nematanhatu mushure mekufa kwaYakov mikinilovich kwakachengeteka, izvo zvakachengeta goridhe remhuri yeumambo. Magwaro ezvinyorwa akaedza kuziva hukama pakati peSverdlovy uye akaedza Lenin.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muzera reKakov Sverdlov akarondedzera kune zvisungo zvewanano naE.F. Schmidt. Apo shanduko yavakashanduka makore makumi maviri, mwanasikana e... SVERDLOVA. Asi muchato wadonha.
Iyo Bolshevik munguva pfupi yakakurumidza kuroora Claudia timofeevna novgorod. MuSoviet Circles, mukadzi wechidiki aimiririrwa neOlga Novgorod vagari vemo. Musikana akavanzwa mufurati rake "Diamond wezvematongerwo enyika". Mari inochengeterwa muAvgorod vagari vaidikanwa, mune zvakaitika pakurasikirwa kwesimba, kuti vafambe nekuchinja kwevanochinja uye kuvepo kweanogara kweblotevic.
Muna 1911, mwanakomana waAndhi Yakovlevich mumhuri. Jaya racho rakanga risiri shamwari nemiviri yeNKVV, yakapinda mumaoko emaoko evakuru vevakuru vemitemo. Panyaya yemunhuwo nyaya yemwanakomana weanomukira, zvinonzi Andrei zvakadyarwa kune zvirevo zveAnti-Soviet.
Pasinei nekusada kuhurongwa hweSoviet, mwanakomana waSverdlova akamisikidza basa muNKGB uye MGB yeUSSR. Kuva colonel, Andrei akabvunza zvakare kujeri, asi redare rakapunyuka nekuda kwekufa kwaJoseph Stalin. Makore maviri gare gare, mhuri yeSverdlov yakava vamwe vana vakawanda - mwanasikana akaberekwa. Nezve hupenyu hweKutenda kweSVERDLLOVAYA hakuna chinhu chisingazivikanwe.
Rufu
Rufu rwaNastala Yakova Sverdlova zvisingatarisirwi. Muzvikamu zvepamutemo zveBolshevik, zvakanzi zvichienda mberi muna Kurume 6, 1919, iyo shanduko yakabva kuKharkov kuenda kuMoscow. Mumugwagwa, yakov mikhalovich yakarwara neSpariyaard. Chirwere chine ngozi chakakurumidza kufambira mberi. Mumazuva maviri chete, SVERDLOV kusvika kuguta guru. Iyo mamiriro ehutano reBolshevik akafungidzirwa kunge akanyanya. Yakov mikhalovich yakararama kusvika munaKurume 16.
Mumakore iwayo, zvaive zvakajairika kugadzira masks posts, saka hazvishamise kuti nyanzvi dzinozadzisa izvi kurongeka. Mariro ezvematongerwo enyika akakurumbira akaitika munaKurume 18, 1919. Guva raSverdlov riri padyo neyeKremlin rusvingo, vazukuru vanounza maruva kune chifananidzo kune bolshevik.
Chiremba weMutemo Sainzi Aready Vaxberg anotenda kuti chaicho chekufa kweYakov mikhalovich haisati yatangwa. Mumakore iwayo, runyerekupe rwakaenda - rwunonzi Bolshevik Roll Vashandi panguva yerwendo kuenda kuGondo. Chikonzero chaive chakabva chiJudha chekuchinja. Vagari vakafunga kuti zvinonyadzisa shanduko uye kukurudzira maAnti-Semitic zvido.
Pfungwa dzakafanana dzakaiswa mberi nevanyori vepisterian Yu.g. FelsTinsky. Maererano neyesainzi, Vladimir Ilyich Lenin akasungirirwa ruoko kumuura weSVERDLOV. Asi iyi hypothesis haisati yasvika yepamutemo kusimbiswa.
Ndangariro
- 1938 - "Great Garla"
- 1940 - "Yakov Sverdlov"
- 1957 - "Balt Blist Mbiri"
- 1965 - "Kurangana Kwemberi"
- 1965 - "Emergency Order"
- 1968 - "Yechitanhatu July"
- 1975 - "Vimba"
- 1982 - "Mabhero Akatsvuka"
- 1998 - "Romavs. Venetian mhuri "
- 2007 - "Nhengo dzeLibher Nestor Makhno"