Biography
The founder of the molecular theory of Amedeo Avogadro was to become a lawyer at the insistence of parents, but became interested in physics and chemistry, discovering the fundamental law of modern science. True, this contribution was fully appreciated only 5 years after the death of a scientist.Childhood and youth
Amedeo was born on August 9, 1776 in Turin, who was the capital of the Sardinian kingdom, and now - the center of the Italian region Piedmont, in a numerous family: the parents of the boy brought up eight of eight children. Father Amedeo, Count Avogadro, according to the tradition of that time he handed over his son and profession: as a child, the heir was led by legal education, and by 20 years, the church law was mastered.
Scientific activity
In the school years, the young man was interested in experimental physics, and in 1800, when Alessandro Volt opened the first chemical source of the current, Amedeo's interest in this phenomenon was intensified.
In 25 years, Avogadro took up the exact sciences: she mastered physics and mathematics with its own forces, and in two years he sent work on electrical and electromagnetic phenomena to the Turin Academy, which was fulfilled with Brother Felice. A year later, the brothers issued another work, thanks to which Amedeo was chosen by the correspondent to the Academy.
Then the scientist took up the tutoring in the Turin Lyceum, taught at the Lyceum of Vercelli. In 1819, Amedao returned to Turin, where he entered the Academy of Sciences, and a year later he headed the Department of Higher Physics of the Turin University. After the student unrest, the university was closed, and Avogadro's professorial duties returned to 1832nd. In the institution, the researcher worked for another 18 years, and after the departed to the Department of Pupil.
All these years, in parallel with the teaching Amedeo engaged in scientific activities. At the dawn of the formation as a scientist Avogadro conducted research and committed a number of theoretical discoveries in chemistry, but entered the story for opening in physics.
In 1811, Amendeo published an article in which he hypothesized accurate measurement of the mass of atoms, the composition of molecules and the nature of chemical reactions. In those days, the assumption could not be confirmed theoretically, but experimentally - quite, which was engaged in Avogadro.
Three years later, the chemist first clearly verbalized the information that was later called the Avogadro law. In the essay of 1814, the scientist wrote that at a single temperature and pressure in the same volumes of gases containing an equal number of molecules. The amount of particles in 1 mall of matter acquired the name of the Nogadro number, and this is a constant number.
After a decade after the hypothesis of the hypothesis, the Chemist summed up the work on the molecular theory in another article and marked that some contemporaries retain the incorrect ideas about chemical-physical phenomena.
Hypothesis Avogadro is confirmed in 1861 at the congress of chemists in Karlsruhe.
Personal life
If you can speak infinitely about the scientific biography of a scientist, then a little person is known about personal life. Dejections Amedeo led a discreet and correct way of life, did not strive to fame and excesses. After the 30th anniversary of the chemist met Anna Maria's girl, who was much younger, and soon married. At leisure, Avogadro loved to read the children out loud, but at the footsteps of the father heirs did not go: none of them continued the work of the researcher.Death
Amedao did not depart from affairs and at the point of mind: consisted in the control chamber, the Statistical Commission, several more departments, published personal research, and the last work of the chemist physicist was released in 1853.
The Italian scientist died on July 9, 1856 in his native Turin. After the death of the professor buried in the family crypt in the town of Vercelli.
In all his life, Avogadro did a grand work, creating 75 volumes of scientific discharge in various directions. A year after the funeral on the territory of the Turin University, the researcher was set as a symbol of the recognition of a personal contribution to the development of molecular physics.
Discoveries
- 1811 - Hypothesis on accurate measurement of the mass of atoms, composition of molecules and the nature of chemical reactions
- 1814 - Avogadro's law: one moth of molecules of any substance in a gaseous state with the same temperatures and pressures takes the same volume
- 1814 - the number of Avogadro: the number of molecules in the gram molecule of any substance is equally. In 1908, a precise value of 6.02 * 10 to 23 degrees is calculated by the gen-batter.