I-Biograge
Umsunguli we-molecular theory ye-amedeo avogadro kwakuwukuba abe ngummeli ekugcizeleleni kwabazali, kodwa waba nesithakazelo ku-physics kanye namakhemikhali, ethola umthetho oyisisekelo wesayensi yanamuhla. Kuliqiniso, lo mnikelo wawuthokozela ngokuphelele iminyaka engu-5 ngemuva kokushona kososayensi.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Amedeo wazalwa ngo-Agasti 9, 1776 eTubin, eyayiyinhloko-dolobha yombuso waseSardini, futhi manje - isikhungo seSifunda sase-Italy Piedmont, emndenini omningi: Abazali bomfana bakhuphuka ezinganeni eziyisishiyagalombili. Ubaba Amedeo, abale i-avogadro, ngokwesiko lalesosikhathi anikela ngendodana yakhe nasemsebenzini: Yize ingane, indlalifa yaholwa yimfundo yezomthetho, kwathi iminyaka engama-20, kwakhiwa uMthetho weSonto.
Umsebenzi wesayensi
Eminyakeni yesikole, le nsizwa yayinentshisekelo ku-physics yokuhlola, kwathi ngo-1800, lapho u-Alessandro Velt evula umthombo wokuqala wamakhemikhali wesakhiwo samanje, isifiso sika-Amede kulesi simo.
Eminyakeni engama-25, u-Avogadro waqala khona isayensi eqondile: Wazi kahle i-Physics kanye ne-mathematics ngamandla awo, futhi eminyakeni emibili wathumela umsebenzi we-Electromagnetic Penomena eTurin Academy, eyagcwaliseka noMfoweth 'uFelice. Ngemuva konyaka, abafowethu bakhipha omunye umsebenzi, babonga lapho u-Amedeo akhethwe yi-Acatimy.
Lapho-ke usosayensi waqala ukufundisa eTurin Lyceum, wafundisa eLyceum yeVercelli. Ngo-1819, u-Amedao wabuyela eTurin, lapho angena khona e-Academy of Science, kwathi ngemuva konyaka walibeka eMnyangweni wePhysics ephakeme yeTurin University. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa komfundi, inyuvesi yavalwa, futhi imisebenzi ka-Avogadro yabuyiselwa ku-1832nd. Esikhungweni, umcwaningi wasebenzela enye iminyaka eyi-18, kwathi ngemuva kokuhambile eMnyangweni wePupil.
Yonke le minyaka, ngokufana ne-Amedeo efundisayo yahlanganyela emisebenzini yesayensi. Ekuqaleni kokuqala kokwakheka njengososayensi wenziwa ucwaningo futhi wenza okutholakalayo okutholakele kwamakhemikhali kumakhemikhali, kodwa kwangena endabeni yokuvula ku-physics.
Ngo-1811, i-AMENDEO yashicilela i-athikili lapho azinike khona ngesilinganiso esinembile sobuningi bezinqwaba zama-athomu, ukwakheka kwama-molecule kanye nohlobo lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali. Ngalezo zinsuku, umcabango awukwazanga ukuqinisekiswa ngokomqondo, kepha ngokuhlolwa - impela, obenziwa e-avogadro.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, usomakhemikhali uqale wamzwisela ngokucacile imininingwane eyayibizwa ngokuthi yi-Avogogard Lat. Endabeni yango-1814, usosayensi wabhala lokho emazingeni okushisa owodwa nengcindezi emihlanganweni efanayo yamagesi aqukethe inani elilinganayo lama-molecule. Inani lezinhlayiya ezitolo ezi-1 zezitolo zendaba zithole igama lenombolo ye-nogadro, futhi lena yinombolo eqhubekayo.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ngemuva kwe-hypothesis ye-hypothesis, amakhemikhali afingqe lo msebenzi emcabangweni we-molecular kwenye i-athikili futhi emakwe ukuthi abanye besikhathi sokugcina imibono engalungile nge-chenomena engokomzimba yamakhemikhali.
I-Hypothesis i-avogadro iqinisekisiwe ngo-1861 eCongress of Chemists eKarlsruhe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uma ungakwazi ukukhuluma ngokungenamkhawulo nge-biography yesayensi yososayensi, khona-ke umuntu omncane waziwa ngempilo yomuntu siqu. Ukuphikisana no-Amedeo kwaholela indlela yokuphila ebukekayo neqondile, ayizange ilwele ukuduma nokunyantisa. Ngemuva kokugubha iminyaka engama-30 yamakhemikhali ahlangane nentombazane ka-Anna Maria, ayesencane kakhulu, futhi ngokushesha ashada. Lapho ezokungcebeleka, u-Avogadro wayethanda ukufunda abantwana ngokuzwakalayo, kodwa ezinyathelweni zezindlalifa zikaBaba akazange ahambe, akekho noyedwa kubo owaqhubeka nomsebenzi womcwaningi.Ukushona
U-Amedao akazange asuke ezindabeni futhi eqophelweni lengqondo: equkethe egumbini lokulawula, iKhomishini Yezibalo, ukushicilelwa komuntu uqobo, futhi umsebenzi wokugcina wesayensi yamakhemikhali ukhishwe ngo-1853.
Usosayensi wase-Italy ushone ngoJulayi 9, 1856 eTuriti yendabuko yakhe. Ngemuva kokushona kukaProfesa wangcwatshwa emndenini wakhala edolobheni laseVercelli.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, u-Avogadro wenze umsebenzi omuhle, wadala amavolumu angama-75 wokukhululwa kwesayensi ezinkomba ezihlukene. Ngonyaka ngemuva komngcwabo osesigameni seTurion University, umcwaningi wahlelwa njengophawu lokuqashelwa komuntu onikelayo ekwakhiweni kwe-physics molecular.
Ukutholwa
- Ngo-1811 - I-Hypothesis ekulinganiseni okunembile kwesisindo sama-athomu, ukwakheka kwama-molecule kanye nohlobo lokuphendula kwamakhemikhali
- Ngo-1814 - Umthetho ka-Avogadro: Ibhulothi elilodwa lama-molecule lanoma iyiphi into esesimweni esise-gaseous esinamazinga okushisa afanayo kanye nezingcindezi zithatha ivolumu efanayo
- Ngo-1814 - Inani le-avogadro: inani lama-molecule ku-gram molecule yanoma iyiphi into ngokulinganayo. Ngo-1908, inani eliqondile le-6.02 * 10 kuya ku-10 degrees libalwa yi-Gen-Batter.