I-Biograge
Umlingisi uFaina Ranevskaya wanqoba iRussia endala nalo lonke iSoviet Union. Ubizwe ngokuthi uScandlous Okhethekile, intokazi egwazayo enamahlaya akhazimulayo nesazi sefilosofi ngogwayi emazinyweni. Wayesaba futhi waqapha ngasikhathi sinye, abanye babefuna imihlangano naye, kanti abanye bagwenywa. Wonke umuntu ukhumbula umdwebi, ocashe ngemuva kobuntu obuvelele, wayenesizungu futhi esengozini.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFaina Ranevskaya (Igama langempela - UFanny Girshevna Feldman) wazalelwa emndenini ocebile wamaJuda ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 1896, esibonakaliso se-Virgo yeZodiac. Ngaleso sikhathi, umndeni wakwaFeldman wahlala endlini yakhe eTaganrog. Ngaphezu kweFainia, kwakhulelwa ezinye izingane ezine: udade u-Isabella Feldman kanye nabafowethu abathathu (omunye washonela ubuntwana). Umama uFaina wayengunkosikazi wasendlini - waletha izingane ezinhlanu. Ubaba wayengumkhiqizi onethonya, ephethwe yibhizinisi lokukhiqiza, wayenesitolo, izindlu kanye nesikebhe.
UFaina akazange azizwe ejabule endlini yabazali, kunalokho, wahlushwa isizungu. Ngiseyingane, wayengumuntu onamahloni futhi engavikelekile kuye uqobo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yalokho ashubile. Kwesinye isikhathi kwenzeka ebudaleni emaminithini enjabulo, kodwa kuphela empilweni ejwayelekile, futhi akukaze kusiteji.
Le ntombazane yadlulisela kancane nontanga futhi yaze yaphonsa abazali bayo bayilanda isuka endaweni yokuzivocavoca yabesifazane abakhethiweyo, lapho izizwa bengakhululekile khona futhi ayithandanga ukufunda. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, othisha beza kubantu abasendlini, kwathi uFanny wathola imfundo ehloniphekile. Intombazane idlale ngopiyano, yahlabelela, yazi kahle izilimi zakwamanye amazwe futhi yafunda i-swake.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-10, uFain waba nentshisekelo eCinema naseThayile. Umbono omkhulu wawukubonakala eneminyaka engu-13 umdlalo we- "Cherry Garden". Kwakukukhulu kangangokuba intombazane yadlula ngaphandle izivivinyo zokuzivocavoca futhi yaqala ukuya ekilasini esitudiyo seshashalazi. Ngokushesha le ndodakazi yabika ukuthi izofunda kumlingisi ochwepheshe. Kwakuyisizathu esenza uFaina abe negebe nabazali bakhe. Ubaba akazange akhulume nendodakazi yakhe iminyaka eminingi. Ngo-1915, uFanny Feldman waya enhlokodolobha.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu yeFainain Ranevskaya yayingajabule. Wayengashadanga. Owesifazane ugweme amadoda ngenxa yokuhlukunyezwa kwengqondo etholwe ebusheni. UFanny wathandana ne-Actor Troupe. Njengoba kwakubonakala kuye, naye wamzwela. Lapho intombazane imile ukuba ivakashele, weza, kepha ayingedwa, kodwa nowesifazane, yabuza uFain ukuba ahambe ngezinyawo. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uRanevskaya futhi waqala ukugwema konke ukuxhumana, okungesikhathi esizayo kungadala izinhlungu.Angizwanga njenge-Faine Georgievna enesizungu isikhashana. Kwi-60s, udadewethu wendabuko kaBella wathuthela kuye, ethatha isinqumo sokuphamba ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe nendoda yakhe yendabuko. Kepha ngokushesha wagula futhi wafa.
Abezindaba babhale ngobudlelwano beRanenevskaya noMashal Fyodor Tolbukhin, kwabezinye imithombo umbhangqwana obizwa ngokuthi abathandi, kwabanye nje abangane. Ngasiphi isizathu, ukuxhumana kwabo kwaqubuka, konke kuhlala kuyimfihlakalo.
UFaina Ranevskaya wahlala yedwa. Ukuphela kothando abiza ngalo uPavlu Wulf. Umlingisi waseRussia akazange angene eshashalazini ye-art art yaseMoscow, esetshenzelwa kakhulu ku-Nizhny Novgorod nase-Riga Theatre. Umjwayelani wabesifazane wenzeka eRostov-on-don ngemuva kwenguquko, iWulf iminyaka eminingi seye yaba nguthisha ukuba fain nomngane weqiniso.
Omunye umngani osondelene nowesifazane kwakunguTatiana Peltzer. Umlingisi waseSoviet wethiyetha ne-movie akazange anikeze muntu kuye, kepha noRanevskaya ngokushesha wathola ulimi olujwayelekile nezintshisekelo.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uFaina waphila wedwa, naye wayelala naye umngani, wapenda isizungu, ungumfana wezinja. Ngemuva kokufa, umlingisi ematsheni alo wabeka isifanekiso sensimbi yesilwane esifuywayo.
Ebusheni bakhe, ukubukeka kukaRanevskaya kuncome (ukuphakama ngo-180 cm, ukubukeka okubhobozayo, izinwele ezimnyama-kara). Ukubamba ukuma okunqunyelwe kusethula njengomuntu onesimo, wakwazi nokuguga, okubonakala kahle esithombeni, ngoba lokhu kowesifazane kuqhubeke nokuthanda, naphezu komlingiswa ophamba.
Ithiyeta
EMoscow, uFanny wafika eMoscow: Ubaba akazange anikeze indodakazi yakhe ukuba ayohlala enhlokodolobha noma iyiphi ipeni, ngoba isifiso sakhe sokuba yi-blazh eyisiphukuphuku. Imali encane yanika umama ngasese. Intombazane yahamba egunjini elikhulu elincane laseNikita yasheshe yazizwa ijabule ngokuphelele futhi imahhala. Ngale minyaka, uFain wajwayelana nobuntu obudumile, izinkolo ngisho ngaleso sikhathi ngezimbongi zikaMarina Tsvetaeva, ostip Mandelstam, u-Anna Akhmatova, Vladimir Mayakovsky. Wabe esehlangana nomculi uVasily Kadokov waze wathandana naye.
Ngeshwa, uFaina akazange athathe emakolishi aseshashalazini edolobha elikhulu, futhi kwadingeka athole isikole sangasese. Ayikho imali yokukhokhwa kokuqeqeshwa. Umculi odumile u-Ekaterina Gelzer akazange anikeze kwalasha kwentombazane. Ubophele intombazane ukuthi ingenise enye yezinsuku zeshashalazi zesifunda saseMoscow. Lapho isikhathi sezinkundla zemidlalo yasehlobo saphela, uRanevskaya kwadingeka afune enye indawo. Ukwazile ukusebenza ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini eKerch, Kislolofudsk, Feodovia, Baku, Rostov and Smolensk.
Intwasahlobo yango-1917 yaletha faine igebe lokugcina nezihlobo. Umndeni wakwaFeldman wafuduka. Kepha kwakukhona umzuzu ojabulisayo - le ntombazane yamukelwe kumdlali wethiyetha weCholoan Theatre. Ekugcineni, umlingisi omncane wayaziswa. I-Theatrical Biography kaFaina Ranevskaya yaqala kusukela ku-Google "Roman", lapho adlale khona indima yeMargarita.
Ngemuva kwalokho kwalandela ukukhiqizwa, lapho umlingisi edlalela khona amaqhawe abonakalayo. E-Play "Cherry Sad", wazama ngesithombe sikaCharlotte. Kule Katalamitha, uFaina Georgievna wakhonza kwaze kwaba ngo-1931. Ngemuva kwalokho wathuthela egumbini elidume kakhulu ledolobha laseshashalazi lemidlalo yaseshashalazini, lapho washeshe enza khona iphutha lakhe "e-Thanthetic Sonate".
Ekuqaleni kwe-50 Fain Ranevskaya yadlulela enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi. UMossoveta, lapho ukuhlala kwakhe kwakuhambisana namahlazo ajwayelekile. Abalingisi bethalente bavame ukwedlula amathalenta ezinkomba. URanevskaya wayenombono wakhe walo mdlalo, futhi ngokuvamile azange ahambisane nomqondisi. Isibonelo, ukudlala indima episodic ekudlaleni "isivunguvungu", wabhala kabusha ngokuphelele futhi wadlala indlela yakhe.
Ngasikhathi sinye, uFaina Georgievna wasukuma ngisho nezindima ezinkulu, ezingangeni amasu noma abaculi ngokwabo noma ukusebenza kokusebenza. Ukuqashwa kanye nokushayisana noMqondisi uYuri Zavadsky kamuva kwabonakala kuma-anecdotes kanye nama-aphorisms athi ku-RanevSkaya. Noma kunjalo, kulesi sehlakalo, umlingisi uvele ikota yekhulu leminyaka.
Lapha wadlala izindima ezibonakalayo. Ababukeli babuke ngenjabulo uNkk. Savage eyenziwe nguRanenevskaya, eshaya ihlombe i-Lucy Cooper ekudlaleni "Okulandelayo - Ukuthula". Ngo-1978, kwakhululwa iTelevision Version. Kanye naye, indima enkulu yenziwa nguRostislav Pertt, wadlala uBarclay Cooper.
Uthole iziqu eFaina Ranevskaya indlela yaseshashalazini. A. S. Pushkin, wake waba yigumbi langaphambili. I-biography yakhe yaseshashalazini yaqala ngaye, lapha yaphela ngo-1963.
Amafilimu
Ngokokuqala ngqa, ababukeli be-TV babona uFain Ranevskaya endimeni kaNkk Leazo omibalabala eDrama Mikhail Romma "Pysk". Kwakungo-1934. Umlingisi wakwazi nokukwazi ukuvakashela lo mdlalo eFrance, lapho i-Theatre Troupe imeme isimemezelo seRomor Rolland, ukusebenza okusetshenziswa kakhulu.Ekupheleni kwe-30 eRanevskaya edlalwe emidwebeni emithathu, eyayenza yabonakale. Lo mculi wavela ezindimeni zomuntu oshade naye kuzo zonke lezi zimbambo. Esithombeni "Indoda ecaleni" yaba abafazi bomhloli, "kwiphutha lonjiniyela weCochin" - umlingani we-Tailor Gurevich. Yebo, umfazi owaziwa kakhulu uvele ku- "PodLlidysh", lapho uRanevskaya asho khona inkulumo ethi "Mulet, engangingenisi." Vuka kule filimu udlale uRina Green, empilweni yowesifazane wayengeyena abangane, kunalokho, babizwa ngokuthi umngani.
Ngesikhathi sempi, uRanevskaya, kanye nomzimba weshashalazi wakhishwa kwaze kwaba ngu-1943 eTashkent. Lapho ebuyela eMoscow, waphakanyiswa ukuthi adlale umama emshadweni we-Ishidore annunsky. Kulesi sithombe, uRanenevskaya ubekelwe inkanyezi nabaculi abadumile Essara Garyan, Zoy Fedorova, Mikhail Yanishin, ukholo eMaretskaya, uMikhail, nakwabanye abalingisi ababonakalayo. Kwathi ngo-1945 wavela emkhakheni wamasosha "isikhumba sasezulwini", lapho enza khona iqhaza lodokotela, uprofesa wezokwelapha.
Ngo-1947, amafilimu omculi agcwaliswa ngamahlaya asentwasahlobo adumile, lapho uRanevSkaya edlalela khona uMargarita Lvovna. U-Orlova noCherkasov ababelalele izindima eziyinhloko esithombeni, futhi i-Faina Georgievna's Samig ngokwayo yaphenduka leyo filimu yaba ngomunye wemibuso ethandwa kakhulu futhi enezimali.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, umdwebi wadlala umama wokutholwa eCinderella. Imidwebo ka-Writer evgeny Schwartz ihlose i-ranevskaya. Uvumele umculi ukuthi afake amabinzana angenakuqhathaniswa. Lo msebenzi uthathwa njengabo bonke emsebenzini we-Faine Georgievna.
Azikho izibuyekezo ezingezinhle ezazinefilimu yaseSoviet "u-Alexander Parkhomenko", ahlungwa nguLeonid Lukov. Kukhululwe ngo-1962, kwakhululwa iBhodi LaseHlelo Lomqondisi omusha, kulo, uFaina Georgievna wadlala iTchapesha endaweni yokudlela, ukufeza iRomance "ake andize amaqabunga aphuzi ...", ngenkathi ehleli epiyano, ehamba naye.
Ngo-1964, wabonakala ohlelweni "olulula" noYuri Yakovlev. I-Satyric Tape Shot Director Uniamin Dorman. Kuyo, uRanevskaya wakwazi ukukhombisa kahle i-jpenomenattettettte Margarita Ivanovna, eyabizwa ngokuthi "iNdlovukazi uMargo". Ngenxa yalokhu, ifilimu yathatha indawo ye-17 ohlwini lokupenda kwemali kakhulu ngalolo nyaka.
Iqhaza lokugcina leRanevskaya e-cinema - Itheyiphu "namuhla ukuheha okusha." Umlingisi wadlala umqondisi we-circus, kepha ngaphambi kokuthi abeke umqondisi izimo eziningi. Njengoba uFaina Georgievna wayevele edumile ngaleso sikhathi, khona-ke, umqondisi wavuma kukho konke, nje ukuthola inkanyezi kwifilimu.
UFaina Ranevskaya uthole isihloko somculi wabantu we-USSR kanye namaphrimiyamu amathathu esiteji.
Ukushona
Ozakwabo bakaFaina Georgievna bakhumbula ukuthi umlingisi wayenempilo ebuthaka. Wayevame ukuya kodokotela futhi ebekele esibhedlela. Ukuze ungaweli emoyeni futhi unganikeli izifo ongazithatha ngokwakho, owesifazane wayehlekisa ngezifo kanye nabasebenzi bezokwelapha ababekhonza.
I-Faine Georgievna Ranevskaya ngoJulayi 1984 enhloko-dolobha, imbangela yokufa yaba yisifo senhliziyo, yenqatshwa yi-pneumonia. Abantu besikhathi besikhathi besikhathi sikaRanevsky ndlovukazi yecebo lesibili futhi baqaphele ukuthi kwakungumlingisi omkhulu kakhulu waseRussia wekhulu lama-20.
Umngcwabo nokuvalelisa noRanevskaya wadlula emathuneni amathuna. Ngaphambi kokushona komlingisi ngokubhuqa okusobala, wabuye wahambela itshe lethuna "wabulawa yinto yokuduka." Kepha akwenzanga, uFaina Georgievna wangcwatshwa ngaphansi kwe-ntruestone evamile, abalandeli bobuciko bahlala beletha izimbali ezintsha ethuneni.
Ngo-2016, iminyaka engu-120 yo-Actress odumile wawugubha amahlaya amahlaya athi "enesizungu ahlekisa". Ekwakhiweni kwebhubesi uShimelel, izilaleli zabona indlovukazi yezindima ze-episodic efulethini layo eMoscow. Izingcezu zokukhiqiza zithathwe empilweni kaRanevskaya - Izivakashi zizovakashela umdwebi, i-heroine ihola inkhulumomphendvulwano enobuhlakani nabo besebenzisa imishwana edumile.
Izikhathi ezimbalwa eTaganrog zahlelwa ukuvula umnyuziyamu ngokuhlonipha umlingisi efulethini lapho ayehlala khona. Kukhona ingaphakathi futhi ngisho nezinto ezithile. Kodwa-ke, lo mcimbi uhlehlisiwe, futhi ngenkathi usuku lokuqala lokuvulwa lungaziwa.
Izics
- Ngo-1934 - "Push"
- Ngo-1939 - "Iphutha Unjiniyela weCochin"
- 1939 - "Podkinysh"
- 1945 - "Indlovu nentambo"
- 1947 - "Intwasahlobo"
- Ngo-1947 - "cinderella"
- 1949 - "Ukuhlangana E-Elbe"
- 949 - "Banezwe"
- Ngo-1964 - "Impilo Ekhanyayo"
- 1978 - "Okulandelayo - Silence ..."
- 1980 - "Amahlaya ngezinsuku ezedlule"
Ama-aphorisms
Ikhuluma futhi ucaphuna ubuciko obuncane beFainan Georgievna baphenduka izinkulumo ezinamaphiko. Imvamisa, umculi akazange anciphise ezungeze elizungezile, futhi walethwa yiwo wonke umuntu, ngaphandle kokunaka amazinga nokuthunyelwe. Kepha wayehlekisa futhi edla impilo yakhe enzima. Isibonelo, uRanevskaya ungowamagama:
"Uma ngithola izicelo, ngiveza izicelo, ngaqala ukubhala ngami, kungaba yincwadi yesikhalazo ethi" Deal Slut "."Futhi incwadi enjalo yasalalelwa, kepha yambhala omunye umlobi uDmitry Scheglov, osuselwa kumanothi namadayari omculi. Kulolu hlobo, akukhona ukufeza izingcaphuno zayo ezithandwayo manje, kunokuphila okunesizungu futhi okunzima kowesifazane ongazange wakhe impilo yomndeni ejabulisayo.
Ngokuqondene ne-pseudonym ye-desive futhi ebabazekayo yaseReudonyk Futhi umati ekukhulumeni ungowesifazane kulo lonke umpiitous. Ekuhlambalazeni kwalabo ababephila phambi kwalokhu:
"Ungayicacisa kanjani ... Mata Anginqikazi, ngikwazi ukusebenzisa ngokukhululeka nhlobo. Ukufunga okungcono futhi kube ngumuntu olungile kunesidalwa esithulile, esisheshayo. "Imvamisa uRanenevskaya ekhuluma ngabesifazane, amabinzana akhe anamaphiko manje athandwa, afafaza kwi-Intanethi ngendlela yezithombe ezinezingcaphuno. Nakhu okumbalwa kubo:
"Kungani abesifazane isikhathi esiningi nezimali zichitha ngokubukeka, hhayi ekuthuthukisweni kobuhlakani? "Ngenxa yokuthi amadoda angaboni angaphansi kakhulu kunobuhlakani." "Inganekwane yilapho eshada nexoxo, futhi waba yinkosazana. Futhi umsebenzi yilapho okuphambene. "UFaina Georgievna akazange aphuthelwe ithuba lokukhuluma ngamadoda ngendlela ehlangana naye:
"Indoda yangempela yindoda ekhumbula usuku lokuzalwa kowesifazane futhi ayazi ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki. Indoda engalukhumbuli usuku lokuzalwa kowesifazane, kepha iyazi ukuthi uneminyaka emingaki, umyeni wakhe. "Kamuva ukusuka kuma-aphorisms aphezulu osaziwayo bathathwa babukhali kakhulu, kanti abayisithupha babo bakhiwa ngeseluleko esiyizinkulu eziyisithupha esivela kuFaina Ranevskaya.