Chiphunzitso
Asewera a Faina Runevskaya adagonjetsa Russia wakale ndi Soviet Union yonse. Amadziwika kuti anali wapadera kwambiri, dona wokangana wokhala ndi nthabwala komanso wafilosofi wokhala ndi ndudu m'mano. Amachita mantha ndipo amadzitchinjiriza, ena amafuna misonkhano ndi iye, ndipo ena adapewe. Aliyense akukumbukira wojambulayo, yemwe, yemwe, wobisala kumbuyo, anali wosungulumwa komanso wopanda nkhawa.Ubwana ndi Unyamata
Faina Ranevskaya (dzina lenileni - fanny gershevna felden) adabadwira mu banja lolemera la achiyuda kumapeto kwa Ogasiti 1896, pachizindikiro cha zodiac virgo. Panthawiyo, banja la ku Feldman limakhala mnyumba mwake ku Taganrog. Kuphatikiza pa za Finania, ana ena anayi anali atakula: Mlongo Isabella Feldman ndi abale atatu (m'modzi wamwalira kale). Amayi Faina anali mnyumba ya nyumba - analera ana asanu. Abambo anali wopanga wotchuka, wokhala ndi bizinesi yopanga, anali ndi shopu, nyumba ndi wosuntha.
Faina sanasangalale m'nyumba ya makolo, m'malo mwake, amavutika ndi kusungulumwa. Ali mwana, anali wamanyazi komanso wosatetezeka mwa iye yekha, mwa iye chifukwa cha zomwe adazigwiritsa. Nthawi zina zimachitika m'kukula mphindi zochepa, koma ndi moyo wamba, ndipo osasiyanapo.
Mtsikanayo adauza pang'ono ndi anzawo ndipo mpaka adataya makolo ake kuti azitola wamba wachilendo, ndipo sanasangalale ndi woyenda bwino ndipo sanasangalale naphunzira. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, aphunzitsiwo adabwera kwa omenyera m'nyumba, ndipo Fanny adalandira maphunziro abwino. Mtsikanayo adasewera pa piyano, adayimba, adadziwa bwino zilankhulo zakunja ndikuwerenga ziwonetsero.
Pambuyo pazaka 10, Fain adakondwera ndi sinema ndi zisudzo. Lingaliro lalikulu linali pamenepo ali ndi zaka 13 zosewerera "chitetezo cha chiwindi". Zinali zazikulu kwambiri kuti mtsikanayo adapita kunja kwa mayeso ochita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndipo adayamba kupita mkalasi mu bwalo la zisudzo. Posakhalitsa mwana wamkazi ananena kuti aziphunzira pa wochita sewero la akatswiri. Chifukwa chake chifukwa chake Faireni anali ndi kusiyana ndi makolo ake. Abambo sanalankhule ndi mwana wake wamkazi kwa zaka zambiri. Mu 1915, Fanny feldman adapita ku likulu.
Moyo Wanu
Moyo wa Frainevskaya unali wosasangalala. Sanakwatirane. Mayi adapewa amuna chifukwa cha matenda amisala omwe adalandira pa unyamata. Fanny adayamba kukondana ndi Actor Hallpe. Zikawoneka kwa iye, ankamumveranso. Mtsikanayo atamupempha kuti adzamuyendera, anabwera, koma osati okha, koma ndi mkazi, ndipo anapempha Fain kuti ayende. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ranevskaya ndipo anayamba kupewa kulumikizana konse, komwe mtsogolo kungayambitse ululu.Sindinamve ngati wosungulumwa kwambiri Georgievna kwakanthawi kochepa. Mu 60, mlongo wa Bella anasamukira ku Bella anasamukira ku iye, nasankha kuthetsa kusungulumwa pambuyo pa imfa ya mwamuna wake ndi amuna ake. Koma posakhalitsa adadwala namwalira.
Ofalitsa nkhani adalemba za ubale wa ranenevskaya ndi marshal fyodor tolbuphin tolbukhin, m'magawo ena otchedwa okonda, mwa ena okha. Pachifukwa chake, kulumikizana kwawo, zonse zikhalabe zobisika.
Faina ranevskaya sanakhale yekha. Chikondi chokha chomwe adatcha Pavlu Wulf. Russian serress sanalowe ku Moscow Art Short, kotero amagwira ntchito ku Nizh Novgorod ndi Riga. Ozindikira azimayi adachitika ku Rostov-on-don pambuyo poti chisinthidwe, Wilf kwa zaka zambiri wakhala mphunzitsi wa Fain ndi bwenzi lenileni.
Mnzake wapamtima wa mayiyo anali Tatiana Petzer. A Soviet Actress wa zisudzo komanso kanemayo sanampatse aliyense kwa iye, koma ndi ranevskaya adapeza chilankhulo komanso zomwe amakonda.
Nthawi yomweyo, Faina sankakhala yekha, ndipo panali bwenzi, kusungulumwa, ndi anyamata agalu. Pambuyo pa imfa, ochita sewerolo panjira yake yamaloya adapanga mphete yachitsulo ya chiweto.
Ali mwana, mawonekedwe a Ranevskaya akusilira (kutalika kwa zaka za 180, kubowola, tsitsi lakuda-kara). Atakhala ndi chidwi chokonzedweratu podzipereka yekha monga munthu wokhala ndi udindo, adakwanitsa zakakale, zomwe zikuwoneka bwino pachithunzichi, kwa mayiyu adapitilirabe.
Fiyeta
Ku Moscow, fanny adafika ku Moscow: bambo sanamupatse mwana wake wamkazi malo okhala likulu, chifukwa kukhumba kwake kukhala wopusa wopusa. Ndalama zochepa zimapatsa amayi. Mtsikanayo adanyamuka m'chipinda chachikulu cha nikita ndipo nthawi yomweyo amasangalala komanso alibe ufulu. M'zaka izi, Fain adadziwana ndi umunthu, zipembedzo ngakhale panthawiyo ndi ndakatulo za Marina Tsvetaeva, Osip Mandelstam, Anna Akhmatova, Vladimir Mayovsky. Kenako anakumana ndi wojambula ku Kadokov ndipo ngakhale adamkonda.
Tsoka ilo, Faina sanatenge maphunziro azachipatala, ndipo amayenera kupeza sukulu yachinsinsi. Panalibe ndalama zolipira maphunziro. Wojambula wotchuka wa ku Ekaterina wa Ekateri sanapatse phompho la mtsikanayo. Anasilira msungwanayo kuti atenge imodzi mwazomwezo za ku Moscow dera. Nyengo yazomwezi imatha, Runevskaya amayenera kuyang'ana malo ena. Anakwanitsa kugwira ntchito mu Atrch, Kislovodsk, Feodosia, Baku, Rostov ndi schovav.
Kasupe wa 1917 adabweretsa daine kusiyana ndi abale. Banja la feldman lidasamuka. Koma panali mphindi yosangalatsa - mtsikanayo adalandira m'pamwamba wa zisudzo. Pomaliza, ochita zachinyamata amayamikiridwa. Biography of Faian ranevskaya idayamba kuyambira kusewera "Roman", komwe adasewera udindo wa Margarita.
Kenako adatsatira kupanga, pomwe wosewerayo adachita ndendende za ngwazi zodziwika bwino. Posewera "chitumbuwa chofewa", adayesa pachithunzi cha Charlotte. Mubwalo ili, Faina Georgievna adatumikira mpaka 1931. Kenako anasamukira ku chipinda chodziwika bwino chodziwika bwino cha zisudzo, komwe iye anakonza nyumba yake kuti abwereke "wosangalatsa".
Kumayambiriro kwa 50 Fain Ranevskaya adapita ku zisudzo. Mossoveta, pomwe kungokhala komwe kumakhala kofananira. Zochita zoimira talente nthawi zambiri zimaposa maluso a zowongolera. Runevskaya anali ndi masomphenya ake omwe amasewera, ndipo nthawi zambiri sizinagwirizane ndi wotsogolera. Mwachitsanzo, kusewera gawo lazinthu zosewerera "mkuntho", adalembatu ndipo adasewera njira yake.
Nthawi yomweyo, Faina Georgievna adasinthiratu ngakhale ndi maudindo akuluakulu, omwe sanalowe nawo mapulani kapena ojambula okha kapena machitidwe ogwirira ntchito. Kukalamba ndi Kukatanani Ndi Wotsogolera Yuri Zavadsky pambuyo pake adawonetsedwa mu Anecdotes ndi Ahorisms omwe amadziwika kuti ndi chilankhulo cha ranevskaya. Komabe, pamenepa, wochita seweroli adawonekera kotala la zaka zana.
Apa adasewera maudindo owonekera. Owonera mokondwa adawonera Akazi a RAneevskaya, oyamikiridwa a Lucy Cooper Play "Kenako - chete". Mu 1978, kanema wawailesi yatulutsidwa. Pamodzi ndi iye, gawo lalikulu lidachitika ndi marostiv Ploghtt, adasewera ComClala Cooper.
Anamaliza maphunziro awo ku FAINA Runevskaya njira ya zisudzo. A. S. Pishkin, kamodzi koyambirira kwa chipinda. Kafukufuku wake wakale adayamba ndi Iye, apa ndi kutha mu 1963.
Mafilimu
Kwa nthawi yoyamba, owonera TV adawona Fain Ranevskaya udindo wa Mayi a Luazo mu Drama Mikha Mikha "Pyk". Zinali 1934. Wochita seweroli adatha kuyendera kusewera kumene ku France, komwe kapota kasewera ka thakotala adayitanitsa ROEEN ROLELON Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland Rolland.Kumapeto kwa 30 ranevskayase ku zojambula zitatu, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti zizindikire. Wojambulayo adawonekera mu maudindo a wokwatirana naye nthiti zonsezi. Pa chithunzithunzi chakuti "Munthu pankhaniyi" Adakhala akazi a Woyang'anira, mu "cholakwika cha injiniya wa Cochin" - Mnzake wa Gurevich Gurevich. Mkazi, mkazi wotchuka kwambiri adatuluka "powldys", pomwe Rinevskaya ananena wosaiwalika komanso tsopano mapiko akuti "Mulet, usandimasule." Kuyambira mufilimuyi kunasenda rona wobiriwira, m'moyo wa mkazi sanali abwenzi, m'malo mwake, amatchedwa mnzake.
Pankhondo, ranevskaya, limodzi ndi thupi la zisudzo linachotsedwa ntchito ndipo mpaka 1943 amagwira ntchito ku Taskent. Pobwerera ku Moscow, adanenedwa kuti azisewera amayi muukwati wa isidore annensky. M'chithunzithunzi ichi, ranenevskaya nyenyezi ndi akatswiri ojambula otchuka Eng Gavan, oy Fedorova, Mikhail Yanishin, chikhulupiriro ku Maretskaya, Mikhail, ndi Osewera Ena, ndi Osewera Enanso. Ndipo mu 1945 adawonekera mu nyimbo zankhondo zoseketsa "khungu lakumwamba", komwe adachitira dokotala, pulofesa wamankhwala.
Mu 1947, kafukufuku wa ojambulawo adadziwikanso ndi nthabwala yotchuka ya kasupe, pomwe ranevskaya adasewera Margarita Lvovna. Orlova ndi Cherkasov amene anamvera mbali zazikulu pachithunzichi, ndipo Samig ya Fairka a Georgievaon adatembenuza filimuyo kukhala ndalama zambiri komanso ndalama.
M'chaka chomwecho, wojambulayo adawasenza mayi wopeza a Cinderella. Zojambula za wolemba Evgeny Schwartz amagwiritsa ntchito ranevskaya. Adalola ojambulawo kuti ayike mawu osasinthika. Ntchitoyi imawerengedwa kuti ndi yabwino kwambiri pantchito ya Faini Georgievna.
Ndemanga zopanda pake zinali ndi filimu ya Soviet "Alexander Parhomenko", ojambula ndi Leonav Lukov. Mu 1962, gulu la olemba mbiri yatsopano lidatulutsidwa, mmenemo, Faina Georgievna adasewera Tchapeshanharant, kukwaniritsa zodyerazo ... ", atakhala pa piyano, aphatikizidwa ndi iye.
Mu 1964, adawonekera mu nthabwala "zosavuta" ndi Yuri Yavlev. Steyric Tepi yowombera vetian mzungu. Mmenemo, ranevskaya anatha kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane mawu a Margarita a Ivapovna, omwe amatchedwa "Mfumukazi Margo". Zotsatira zake, kanemayo adatenga malo a 17 mndandanda wa zojambula za ndalama zambiri za chaka chimenecho.
Udindo wotsiriza wa ranevskaya mu sinema - tepi "lero ndi chidwi chatsopano." Wosewerayo adasewera woyang'anira ma Crast, koma isanayambe kuyikapo dinductor mikhalidwe yambiri. Popeza Faina Georgievna anali wotchuka kale panthawiyo, ndiye kuti wotsogolera adavomereza chilichonse, kuti angotenga nyenyezi ku filimuyo.
Faina ranevskaya adalandira mutu wa luso la anthu ku Ussr ndi ndalama zitatu za Stalinte.
Imfa
Anzathu a FairA a Gerigienevna adakumbukira kuti wochita seweroli anali ndi thanzi labwino. Nthawi zambiri ankapita kwa madokotala ndikugona m'chipatala. Pofuna kuti musagwere mwa Mzimu ndipo musapereke matenda kuti mudzitengere, mayi wina anali kungocheza ndi matenda ndi antchito azachipatala omwe amatumikirako.
Watsopano wa Fainievna ranevskaya mu Julayi 1984 ku likulu, chifukwa cha imfa idakhala vuto la mtima, wokanidwa ndi chibayo. Anthu owerenga nthawi ya ranevsky a pulani yachiwiri ndipo amadziwa kuti inali sewero lalikulu kwambiri la Russia la zaka za zana la 20.
Malirowo ndi kukweza ndi ranevkaya adapereka masamba a DAN. Asanatiphedwe akamwalira ndi zosemphana ndi zosemphana ndi khungula, adapitanso ndi mwala wopembedza "adamwalira ndi kunyansidwa." Koma sizinapange, Faina Georgienevna adakwiridwa pamiyala wamba, mafani amakanema amabwera ndi maluwa atsopano pamanda.
Mu 2016, zaka 120 zodziwika bwino za Aserizi zidakondwerera nthabwala za "kusungulumwa kosungulumwa". Mu mawonekedwe a mkango Shindelov, omvera adawona mfumukazi ya ntchito za episodic mu nyumba yake ya Moscow. Zidutswa zopanga zimatengedwa m'moyo wa ranevskaya - alendo adzachezera ojambula, ngwaziyo imabweretsa zokambirana zaphokoso ndi iwo pogwiritsa ntchito mawu otchuka.
Nthawi zingapo ku Taganrog adakonzekera kutsegula zakale polemekeza ochita mnyumba yomwe amakhala. Pali mkati komanso ngakhale zinthu zina pandekha. Komabe, mwambowu unasinthidwa, ndipo tsiku lenileni la kutsegula kwake silikudziwika.
Kafukufuku
- 1934 - "Kankhira"
- 1939 - "Injiniya Wolakwika wa Cochin"
- 1939 - "Podkinysh"
- 1945 - "njovu ndi chingwe"
- 1947 - "kasupe"
- 1947 - "Cinderella"
- 1949 - "Kukumana pa Elbe"
- 949 - "Ali ndi Dziko Lapansi"
- 1964 - "Moyo Wopepuka"
- 1978 - "Kenako - chete ..."
- 1980 - "nthabwala kwa masiku akale"
Aphorisms
Amalankhula ndipo mawu omwe ali pachimodzimodzi a Fainian Georgievna adasandulika kukhala mapiko. Nthawi zambiri, wojambulawu sanakamizidwa mozungulira mozungulira, ndipo anaperekedwa ndi aliyense, osatengera magulu aboma ndi nsanamira. Koma anali nthabwala komanso moyo wake wovuta. Mwachitsanzo, Ranevskaya ndi a mawu akuti:
"Ngati ine, ndikupempha, ndinayamba kulemba za ine, likhoza kukhala buku lodandaula" Fate "."Ndipo buku lotereli lidabadwabe, koma adalembera wolemba Dming Scheglov, kutengera zolemba ndi zojambulajambula. Mu bukuli, sikuyenera kudziwa mawu ake otchuka tsopano, m'malo mwake pali moyo wosungulumwa komanso zovuta za mayi yemwe sanakhale ndi banja losangalala.
Ponena za kupanga ndi zowoneka bwino poyerekeza ranenevskaya, ndiye kuti pali zachisoni komanso nthawi yomweyo zimagwirira ntchito mosemphana ndi nthabwala zonse, nthabwala zinali mnzake wa Faini Gegienvna. Ndipo mphasa molankhula ndi mkazi konse wosachita bwino. Machimo a nthawi ya anthu a nthawiyo adayankhidwa motere:
"Momwe Mungamvere ... Mata sindikuzengereza, nditha kugwiritsa ntchito momasuka konse. Bwino Kulumbira ndi kukhala munthu wabwino kuposa cholengedwa chodekha. "Nthawi zambiri Ranenevskaya amalankhula za akazi, mawu apiko ake tsopano ndi otchuka tsopano, kuwaza pa intaneti mu mawonekedwe a zithunzi zokhala ndi mawu. Nawa angapo a iwo:
"Chifukwa chiyani azimayi ali nthawi yochulukirapo komanso ndalama zimawoneka zowoneka bwino, osati pakukula kwanzeru? "Chifukwa chakuti anthu akhungu ndi ocheperako osabereka." Ndipo ntchitoyo ndi yotsutsana. "Faina Georgievna sanaphonye mwayi wolankhula za amuna monga mwa iye:
"Mwamuna weniweni ndi munthu amene amakumbukira tsiku lobadwa la mkazi ndipo samadziwa kuti ali ndi zaka zingati. Munthu amene sakumbukira tsiku lobadwa la mkazi, koma akudziwa kuti ali ndi zaka zingati, kodi ndi mwamuna wake. "Pambuyo pake kuchokera kwa azomwe amadziwika kwambiri a otchuka adatengedwa akuthwa kwambiri, ndipo asanu ndi mmodzi mwa iwo adapangidwa ndi upangiri wachisanu ndi umodzi wochokera ku Fairnevskaya.