Biography
Umdlali we-Fiana Ranevskaya woyisa iRussia yakudala nayo yonke iSoviet Union. Wabizwa ngokuba yintokazi ekhethekileyo, enenekazi elihlekisayo elihlekisayo kunye nesithandi-sobulumko esinecuba emazinyweni. Wayesoyika kwaye egadekile kwangaxeshanye, abanye babefuna iintlanganiso kunye naye, kwaye abanye baphephe. Olo wonke umntu uyalukhumbula umculi, owafihla ubuntu obalaseleyo, wayenesithukuthezi kwaye esisesichengeni.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UFiana Ranevskaya (igama lokwenyani - iFanny Girhevna feldman) wazalelwa kwintsapho etyebileyo yamaYuda ekupheleni kuka-Agasti 1896, umqondiso weViediac Virr. Ngelo xesha usapho lwakwa-feldman lwaluhlala kwindlu yakhe eTaganrog. Ukongeza eFliania, abanye abantwana abane bakhulelwa: udade uIsabella feldman kunye nabantakwethu abathathu (omnye wafa kakhulu ebantwini). Umama FAINA wayengumfazi wendlu - wakhulisa abantwana abahlanu. Utata wayengumenzi onempembelelo, ishishini lemveliso, wayenevenkile, izindlu kunye ne-steamer.
UFriana akazange azive enoyolo endlwini yabazali, ngokuchasene noko, waba nesithukuthezi. Njengomntwana, wayenomhlambi kwaye engakhuselekanga kuye, ngokwahluka ngenxa yoko wayekusebenze. Ngamanye amaxesha yenzekile ebudaleni kwimizuzu yovuyo, kodwa kuphela ebomini obuqhelekileyo, kwaye ungaze ube kwinqanaba.
Le ntombazana yazisa kancinane noontanga kwaye wade waphosa abazali bakhe ukuba bayithathe kwi-Gymasium yamabhinqa, apho wayeziva engakhululekanga kwaye engathandanga ukufunda. Ukususela ngoko, ootitshala beza kubantu baseFoldman endlwini, kwaye uFanny wafumana imfundo efanelekileyo. Le ntombazana idlalwa kwipiyano, i-sang, yayisazi kakuhle iilwimi zasemzini kwaye yafunda i-swate.
Emva kweminyaka eli-10, ifayinqe inomdla kwi-cinema kunye nethiyetha. Imbono entle yayikuyo ibonwa eneminyaka eli-13 yokudlala "igadi yeCherry". Kwakumkhulu kangangokuba le ntombazana idlulisele ngaphandle iimviwo zokuzivocavoca kwaye yaqala ukuya eklasini kwisitudiyo seholo. Kungekudala intombi yaxela ukuba uza kufunda kwingcali yobungcali. Ngesizathu sokuba uFiana abenomsantsa nabazali bakhe. Utata akazange anxibelelane nentombi yakhe iminyaka emininzi. Ngo-1915, uFanny feldman waya kwikomkhulu.
Ubomi Buqu
Ubomi bobuqu beFin ranevskaya yayingonwabanga. Wayengatshatanga. Ibhinqa laphepha amadoda ngenxa yengqondo yengqondo efunyenwe ebutsheni. I-fanny yathandana ne-Actor Truupe. Njengoko kwakubonakala kuye, waza wamnika nemfesane. Yathelela intombazana leyo, yaza yatyelela, yeza, ingengabi yedwa, inomfazi, waza wacela umphefumlo ukuba ahambe. Ukusukela ngoko, uRhanvskaya waza waqalisa ukuphepha lonke uqhagamshelo, nto leyo kwixesha elizayo inokubangela intlungu.Khange ndizive ngathi ndingulowo unesifo sase-geirtevna okwethutyana. Kwiminyaka engama-60, udade wemveli kaBella wamfulathela kuye, esenza isigqibo sokudlulisa isizungu emva kokufa komyeni wakhe ngendoda yakhe yomthonyama. Kodwa kungekudala wagula wasweleka.
Amajelo eendaba abhale malunga nobudlelwane bukaRanenevskaya kunye neMarshal Fyodor Talbushin, kweminye imithombo eyabiza abathandi, kwabanye abahlobo nje. Sisiphi isizathu, unxibelelwano lwabo lwaqhawula, yonke into ihlala iyimfihlakalo.
UFiana Ranevskaya bahlala bodwa. Ekuphela kothando wabiza uPavlu Walf. Umdlali waseRussia akazange angenise i-moscow yethiyetha yethiyetha, ke yasebenza kwi-nizhny novgorod kunye ne-chigaters. Umntu oqhelene nabasetyhini wenzeka eRostov-kwi-Don emva kohlaziyo, i-WULF iminyaka emininzi iye yaba ngumfundisi-ntsapho, umhlobo wokwenene.
Omnye umhlobo osondeleyo womfazi wayenguTatiana Polzer. Umdlali weSoviet wethiyetha yemidlalo yeqonga kwaye imovie ayikhange inike mntu, kodwa nguRanevskaya wafumana ulwimi nemidla elinomdla.
Kwangelo xesha, uFriana wayehlala yedwa, kuye kwakho umhlobo, bepeyinta isizungu, yinkwenkwe yenja. Emva kokuba umntu efile, umongo kumatombini akhe amisele intsimbi yesilwanyana sasekhaya.
Ebutsheni bakhe, imbonakalo ye-ranevskaya iyavuma (ukuphakama kwe-180 cm, ukubhoboza inkangeleko, iinwele ezimnyama-kara). Ukubamba isimo esimiselwe kwangaphambili ngokubonisa njengomntu onenqanaba, ukwazile kwaye kubudala, ebonakala ngokucacileyo kwifoto, kuba la mabhinqa aqhubeka eluthandweni, ngaphandle komlinganiswa obhingqwa.
Ithiyetha
EMoscow, uFanny wafika eMoscow: Utata akazange anike intombi yakhe endlwini yedolophu, kuba umnqweno wakhe wokuba sisidenge. Imali encinci yanika umama. Intombazana ithathe igumbi elikhulu leNikita kwaye laziva lonwabile kwaye lasimahla. Ngeli xesha, ifayin yaqhelana nobuntu, entolongweni nangona kunjalo ngelo xesha ziimbongi ze-marina tsvetaeva, osip imoedem, i-anna ahhmatova, vladimir may mayalovsky. Emva koko wadibana nomcubi weVadokov kwaye wathandana naye.
Ngelishwa, uFiana akazange athabathe kwiikholeji zemali enkulu, kwaye kwafuneka afumane isikolo sabucala. Kwakungekho mali yokuhlawulwa koqeqesho. Umculi odumileyo e-Ekaterina Pelzer akazange anike inzonzobila yentombazana. Wayipakisha intombazana ukuba ingene kwenye yeendawo zeqonga zeMoscow. Xa ixesha leendawo zehlobo laphela, i-ranevskaya kwakufuneka ikhangele enye indawo. Uye wakwazi ukusebenza kwi-therinds eKerch, uKislovdsk, e-Geoyosia, Baku, Rostov kunye neSmolensk.
Intwasahlobo yowe-1917 yazisa isikhewu sokugqibela sezihlobo. I-feldman yosapho ifudukele. Kodwa kukho umzuzu owonwabisayo - intombazana yamkelekile kumveleli wethiyetha. Ekugqibeleni, eli phulo lincinci laxatyiswa. I-TheAtrical Biography yaseFiana Ranevskaya yaqala kumdlalo "waseRomani", apho wadlala indima kaMargarita.
Emva koko emva koko ukuveliswa, apho i-orvice yadlala amaqhavi oqaqambileyo. Kumdlalo "weCherry ulusizi", wazama kumfanekiso kaCharlotte. Kule theyetha, iFiana Georgievna yasebenza de kwangowe-1931. Emva koko wafudukela kwigumbi lemidlalo yethiyetha edumileyo, apho kungekudala wenza ukuba senze i-genes yakhe 'kwindlu ye "panthetic.
Kuqala kwasekuqaleni kwe-50 ye-funevskaya epasishwe kwithiyetha. Mosssoveta, apho kuhlala khona khona apho ahamba khona. I-GAENTE GORRENSTEER YAMANYE AMANQAKU AQHUBEKAYO AMABANDLA URanevskaya wayenombono wakhe womdlalo, kwaye bahlala bengazange badibane noMlawuli. Umzekelo, ukudlala indima ye-Episodec kwiMidlalo "yeqhwithi", walibhala ngokupheleleyo waza wawubhangisa ngokupheleleyo waza wadlala ngayo indlela yakhe.
Kwangelo xesha, uFiana Georgievna ukwenze ngendima enkulu, engangenisi zicwangciso okanye amagcisa ngokwakhe okanye ukusebenza kwentsebenzo. Ukugaywa kunye nokungqubana noMlawuli Yuri Zavadskiy kamva kwakubonakaliswa kwi-anecdotes kunye nee-trolisms ezichazwe kulwimi olubi lwe-ranevskaya. Nangona kunjalo, kule meko, i-orcher ivele kwikota yenkulungwane.
Apha idlale indima ebonakalayo. Ababukeli babukele ngovuyo i-Mrs. Savage eyenziwe nguRunenevskaya, ofchloud Lucy Cooper kumdlalo "olandelayo - ukuthula". Ngo-1978, kwakhutshwa i-TVICNV. Kunye naye, eyona ndima iphambili yenziwa yi-rostislav plight, wadlala i-barclay Cooper.
Uphumelele kwi-Finata Ranevskaya yemidlalo yethiyetha. A. S. Sungkin, nje igumbi langaphambili. Imbali yakhe yeqonga yaqala kuye, apha yaphela ngo-1963.
Iifilimu
Okwesihlandlo sokuqala, ababukeli beTV babona i-ranevskaya kwindima ye-MRS. Luiso kwiDrama Mikhail Romma "iPysk". Yayingu-1934. Umdlali weqonga unyamezele ukutyelela lo mdlalo eFrance, apho i-roupe ye holoyele yamema iRolmen Rolland, ichithe kakhulu kakhulu.Ekupheleni kwe-30th Ranevskaya edlalwe kwimizobo emithathu, eyayibona iyaziwa. Umzobi wavela kwindima yomlingane kuzo zonke ezi ribbons. Emfanekisweni "ndoda kwimeko" yaba ngabafazi bomhloli, kwi-PRRRRY yenjineli yeCochin "- iqabane le-Gureilor Gurevich. Ewe, owona mfazi wayethandwa kakhulu kwi "podlidysh", apho uRonevskaya watsho ngokungalindelekanga kwaye ngoku intetho enamaphiko "ayindifuni." Vuka kule filimu idlale iRina Green, kubomi bomfazi yayingengabo abahlobo, kunoko, babizwa ngokuba ngumhlobo.
Ngexesha lemfazwe, uRanevskaya, kunye nomzimba wethiyetha wakhutshwa kwaye de kwada kwaneminyaka yowe-1943 eTashkent. Ukubuyela kwakhe eMoscow, wacetyiswa ukuba adlale umama emtshatweni we-Aidore Annensky. Kulo mfanekiso, uRanenevskaya alahliweyo ngamagcisa adumileyo e-Estra Garran, ESoy Fedorova, i-mikhail yanisin, ukholo eMaretskaya, i-mikhail, kunye nabanye abadlali abayaziyo. Kwaye ngo-1945 wabonakala emculweni wemiculo yasemkhosini "ulusu lwasezulwini", apho wenza khona indima kagqirha, unjingalwazi.
Ngo-1947, ifilimu ye-filmografi iphinde yagcwaliswa nge-hley yomthombo, apho uRonevskaya wadlala iMargarita LVVNA. I-Orlova neCherkasov ababethobela eyona mifanekiso iphambili emfanekisweni, kwaye i-Fiana Georgievna i-Samign yefilimu yaguqula ifilimu ibe yenye yezona zinto zithandwayo nezemali.
Kwakuloo nyaka, umzobi wadlala umama wesibini eCinderella. Imizobo yombhali e-Evgey Schwartz eyamkelweyo ranevskaya. Wavumela umculi ukuba afake amabinzana angabhaliswanga. Lo msebenzi uthathwa njengeyona nto ibalaseleyo kwikhondo lomsebenzi we-faine georgievna.
Akukho uphononongo olululo olufanelekileyo lube nefilimu yeSoviet "Alexander Parkhonko", i-chidd ngu-Leonid Lukov. Ngo-1962, kwakhululwa iBhodi yoHlanganiso loMlawuli omtsha, i-Fiana Georgievna yadlala i-Tchapestyu kwindawo yokutyela, yazalisekisa amagqabi aphuziyo ... ", xa wayehleli epiyano, ehamba naye.
Ngo-1964, wabonakala kubomi "bobomi obulula" kunye noYuri Yakovlev. I-Toty Teperic Tape Poimin Drman. Kuyo, i-Ranevskaya yakwazi ukubonakalisa inqaku lePhakama uMargarita Ivanovna, eyayibizwa ngokuba "yiKumkani Margo". Ngenxa yoko, le filimu yathatha indawo ye-17 kuluhlu lweyona ndlela ipeyinti yemali yonyaka.
Indima yokugqibela ye-ranevskaya kwi-cinema-tepe "namhlanje ngumtsalane omtsha." Umdlali odlalwa ngumlawuli wesekethe, kodwa ngaphambi kokuba abeke umlawuli kwiimeko ezininzi. Ukususela kuba i-Fiana Georgievna yayisele idume ngelo xesha, emva koko, umphathi wavuma kwinto yonke, ukuze ufumane inkwenkwezi kwifilimu.
UFiana Ranevskaya wafumana isihloko sobugcisa babantu be-USSR kunye neepremiyamu ezintathu zeStalinist.
Ukufa
Oogxa beFiana Georgievna bakhumbula ukuba le tereji inempilo ebuthathaka. Wayedla ngokufika kwabagqirha kwaye walala esibhedlele. Ukuze ungayi kuwa emoyeni kwaye ungaziniki izifo ukuze uzithathele phezu kwakho, umntu obhinqileyo uyayihlekisa ngezifo nakubasebenzi bezonyango ababekhonza.
I-Great Georg Georgievna ranevskaya ngoJulayi ka-1984 kwikomkhulu, unobangela wokufa waba sisifo sentliziyo, saliwe yinyumonia. Abantu bexesha elidlulileyo babiza uKumkanikazi we-Ranevsky weSicwangciso sesibini kwaye uqonde ukuba yeyona nto iphambili yaseRussia yenkulungwane yama-20.
Umngcwabo kunye noFarewell noRanevskaya badlulisela amangcwaba don. Phambi kokusweleka komdlali weqonga kunye ne-Sarcasm yendalo, watyelela neLitye Lengcwangu "wasweleka." Kodwa khangenzi ukuba, iFiana Georgievna yangcwatywa phantsi kwelitye eliqhelekileyo, abalandeli bendalo bahlala bezisa iintyatyambo ezintsha engcwabeni.
Ngo-2016, isikhumbuzo seminyaka eli-120 yomlingisi odumileyo sabhiyozela i-Hymatic Hoby "Yothukile". Ekuqulunqweni kwengonyama eShimelov, abaphulaphuli bakubona ukumkanikazi wendima ye-episodic kwindlu yayo yeMoscow. Iziqwenga zemveliso zithathwa kubomi be-ranevskaya -ndwendweli ziya kutyelela umculi, i-heroine ikhokelela incoko yabalusileyo kunye nabo besebenzisa amabinzana adumileyo.
Amaxesha aliqela eTaganrog wayecetywa ukuvula imyuziyam ngenxa ye-ortions kwigumbi awayehlala kulo. Kukho ngaphakathi kunye nezinye izinto zobuqu. Nangona kunjalo, lo msitho wawubekelwa phantsi, kwaye ngelixa umhla ovulekileyo wayo ongaziwa.
I-filmography
- Ngo-1934 - "tyhala"
- Ngo-1939 - "injineli yempazamo yeCochin"
- Ngo-1939 - "Podkinysh"
- Ngo-1945 - "Indlovu"
- Ngo-1947 - "intwasahlobo"
- Ngo-1947 - "Cinderella"
- Ngo-1949 - "Intlanganiso kwi-Elbe"
- 949 - "Banayo ilizwe"
- Ngo-1964 - "Ubomi obukhanyisiweyo"
- Ngo-1978 - "ngokulandelayo - ukuthula ..."
- Ngo-1980 - "Yohleka Ngeentsuku Ezidlulileyo"
Ii-pharisms
Uthetha kwaye ucaphula kakhulu kwintwana ye-fainan gegievna yajika yaba ngamabinzana anamaphiko. Rhoqo, umculi akazange aphethwe ngokungagungqiyo ngaphezulu kwendawo ejikelezileyo, kwaye yaziswa ngumntu wonke, ngaphandle kokuthatha inxaxheba kwizikhundla nakwizikhundla. Kodwa wayehlekisa nangobomi bakhe obunzima. Umzekelo, i-ranevskaya yeyamagama:
Msgstr "" "Ukuba ndithobela izicelo, ndaqala ukubhalela ngam, kuya kuba yincwadi yesikhalazo" i-slut "."Kwaye incwadi enjalo yayisazalwa, kodwa wabhalela elinye i-Dmitry Scheglov, esekwe kumanqaku kunye needayari zomculi. Kolu shicilelo, kukungafezekisi izicatshulwa zayo ezithandwayo ngoku, ngaba kukho ubomi obunezolo kunye nobunzima bomfazi ongalwakhanga ubomi bentsapho obonwabisayo.
Ngokubhekisele kumdlalo wokudala nobuthathaka i-ranenevskaya, ke kukho okulusizi kwaye kwangaxeshanye imbambano ye-orsortes yenziwayo kuzo zonke iimeko, ukuhlekisa yayiliqabane likaFeina Georgievna. Kwaye intetho ingumfazi konke konke. Kwingcikivo yabantu ababephila ngexesha baphendulwa ngolu hlobo:
"Indlela yokucacisa ... iMata andithandabuzi, ndingasebenzisa ngokukhululekileyo kwaphela. Ukufunga kakuhle kwaye ube ngumntu olungileyo kunento ethe cwaka, ekhawulezayo. "Rhoqo i-ranenevskaya yathetha malunga nabasetyhini, ngoku amabinzana akhe ezinamaphiko ngoku adumile, afakwa kwi-Intanethi ngohlobo lwemifanekiso kunye neekowuti. Nantsi isibini sabo:
"Kutheni le nto amabhinqa ixesha elininzi kakhulu kunye neengxowa-mali zichitha inkangeleko, hayi kuphuhliso lwengqondo? "Kungenxa yokuba amadoda angaboniyo angaphantsi kakhulu." "Intsomi ixa watshata nesele, kwaye waguquka ukuba yinkosazana. Kwaye umsebenzi kuxa ngokuchaseneyo. "UFiana Georgievna wayengaphoswanga ithuba lokuthetha malunga nabantu ngendlela ebekuyo:
"Indoda yokwenene yindoda ekhumbula usuku lokuzalwa lomfazi kwaye andazi ukuba mdala kangakanani. Indoda engakukhumbuli umhla wokuzalwa komfazi, kodwa uyayazi into emidala ngayo, ngumyeni wakhe. "Emva koko ukuqina kweprofayile ephezulu kwathatyathwa kakhulu, kwaye uninzi lwazo lwalujongwa ngamacebiso amathandathu acocekileyo kwiFune ranevskaya.