I-Biograge
Lo mkhankaso wokuhlaselwa kwamaNazi angenamikhawulo ka-Eisenhuer's Mangids waholwa yiYurophu, ephethe isikhundla se-Commander-in-Chief ngezwekazi laseYurophu. Umsebenzi waseNorman, uqala ngokuphuma kwelanga ngoJuni 6, 1944, waletha impumelelo ukuyophumelela. Ngo-1952, abameleli beqembu laseRepublien Party baqinisekisa um-Eisenhower, ngaleso sikhathi eyayiyala i-NASTHAALNANA Alliance Wates, ukubamba iqhaza okhethweni lukamongameli. UDwight wawina inombolo yamavoti antay adlay stevenson - Democrat, bese ephinde akhethwe kabusha ngethemu lesibili (1953-1961).
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwe-Eisenhower, ngokwesimo sosongo sangempela ekusetshenzisweni kwezikhali ze-athomu, ubudlelwano obuthambile ne-USSR, baqeda impi ne-CIA ye-CIA ye-CIA yezwe elihlose ukumelana nombuso wamaKhomanisi.
Ezweni elisezweni, eMelika, abantu babenenhlala-kahle, futhi i-Eisenhueneer yethule izinhlelo zemigwaqo emikhulu yezimoto futhi yaqala ngemuva kwezigcawu ukuze idelelekile uSathane uSenator Joseph McCarthy, uzwakalise ukubulawa kwabantu. UMongameli, yize ayenokuqashelwa emphakathini, kodwa ashibhile ekuvikelweni kwamalungelo abantu baseMelika eMvelaphi yase-Afrika, ehlulekile ukufeza ngokuphelele igunya leNkantolo Ephakeme ukuhlanganisa izikole (1954).
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Eisenhuer Dwight wazalelwa eDunisone (Texas) ngo-Okthoba 14, 1890. Umfana ukhule emndenini ompofu, lapho amadodana ayisikhombisa abe engowesithathu, edolobheni lase-Abilen, eKansas. Kubazali bezinsizwa biography ethule. Ekwesabeni kukamama, umProthestani onobungcwele kanye ne-pacifirski, i-Ike encane (njengoba eyakhe esondele kakhulu) yaba ngumfundi weNew York Helity Academy entshonalanga.
Le nsizwa yahlela ukuya eYurophu, kodwa ukuphela kweekuthuthuka bekuyisizathu sokudumazeka kwe-OPH. Kepha kungekudala wakwazi ukubhalisela indlu yeqembu lasekolishi eFort Lavenworth (Kansas), njengomsizi uJohn Perrisha, owahola amabutho aseMelika ngesikhathi sempi yezwe yokuqala, khona-ke uDouglas Macarthur, umkhuzi wendlunkulu yaseMelika. Kwaphela iminyaka emine, eisenhower kwakuhlala eziqhingini zasePhilippine.
UDuity wabuyela ezweni lakubo ngemuva nje kokuhlaselwa kwamaNazi eJalimane waya ePoland, okwabangela ukwanda kweMpi Yezwe II engxenyeni yaseYurophu. U-Eisenhower walingisa umkhankaso wethoshi ekwindla ka-1942, waphinde wethule amabutho emazweni aseNyakatho ne-Afrika, bese eSicily Island nasezweni eliyizwe, eliholele ekuweni kweRoma ehlobo lika-1944.
Ngo-1943, eisenhower, owayenesikhundla saseColonel-General, waqokwa inceku, kwathi ngoDisemba wonyaka ofanayo waqala ukuhlaselwa kwamabutho ezintweni ezibalulekile zaseYurophu. Ekuphumeni kwelanga ngo-June 6, 1944, ama-allies awela i-shed ephakathi kweBrithani elikhulu neFrance futhi wavunguza amabhishi aseNormandy. Umphumela wokuhlaselwa kwakuyinkululeko yeParis ngo-Agasti 25, okwanquma umphumela wempi eYurophu. Lapho esevukile esuka eLieutenant Colonel emkhundeni ophakeme ngeminyaka emihlanu, i-Eisenhower yabuyiselwa kuleli qhaya e-US ukuze akhonze njengendlunkulu yendlunkulu yase-US Army.
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngo-1948, i-DUIGH SERTION SERMENCY futhi yathatha isikhundla sikaMongameli waseColumbia University. Ukubuyela isikhashana kwempilo yombango ngo-1950 kwaphela lapho uMongameli uHarry Truman ebuza i-Eisenshuer ukuthi athathe umyalo wamabutho amasha e-NATE ezwenikazi laseYurophu. Kulesi sikhundla, i-Eisenhuer yahlela ukudala inhlangano yezempi eyodwa engabhekana nokuhlukunyezwa kwamaKhomanisi emhlabeni wonke.
Ngo-1952, lapho ukuthandwa kukaTruman kwehla ngenxa yempi eqhubekayo neKorea, i-Eisenhuer ngaphansi kwengcindezi yamaRepublican yaqhuba iHhovisi likaMongameli.
Emhlanganweni weqembu likazwelonke ngoJulayi, uDwight ngokuvota uqokelwe isigaba sokuqala sokhetho. Ngaphansi kwesiqubulo esithi "Ngithanda iK", njengomsizi weCalifornian Nikson, e-Eisenhower wanqoba u-Adlay Stevenson ukuba abe nguMongameli wase-United States (futhi wanqoba kabusha iStevenson ngemuva kwawo owesibili, ngenxa yokuthi akhethwe okwesibili ithemu, naphezu kwezinkinga zempilo ngemuva kokudluliselwa kwenhliziyo).
UMongameli we-U.S.A
Iminyaka yeBhodi Yase-Eisenhower (01/7/1553-20.01.1961) zibonakala ngasekupheleni kweMishini Yezempi eKorea, ebudlelwaneni obufudumele nenqubomgomo yenqubomgomo yaseMelika ".
Izinkomba eziphambili zomsebenzi we-Eisenhower:
- Ukuqedwa kokushushiswa kokubonakaliswa kokubukwa kwesobunxele (ikakhulukazi maqondana neMcCarthy);
- Ukwakhiwa kwemigwaqo emikhulu emgwaqweni ezweni lonke;
- Ukukhula kokuphela kombuso wezomnotho;
- "Imfundiso Eisenhuer", eyayibona ukuthi wonke amazwe kufanele athembele ekusizeni ibutho laseMelika uma kwenzeka kuhlaselwa kwamanye amazwe.
Yize ubudlelwane phakathi kwe-United States neRussia bahlala befudumele, kufaka phakathi umhlangano noNikita Khrushchev, ababoshwe ngo-1959, ukudutshulwa kwendiza yaseMelika "uchithe ithemba le-Eisenhower ku- Umhlaba.
Enkulumweni yakhe yokuvalelisa ebusika bango-1961, u-Eisenshuer wakhuluma ngobungozi benkimbinkimbi yezempi-zezimboni. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa komkhakha Wezokuvikela okudingayo ngezimpumelelo emkhakheni wezobuchwepheshe, uMongameli waxoxisana uxwayise ngokubambisana phakathi kwethoshi lezempi kanye nebhizinisi, elalisabisa ngokuba nethonya elifanele ekuqhubekeni kwepolitiki yamazwe omhlaba. Kodwa-ke, izixwayiso azizwanga, naphezu kwenkathi yempi ebandayo.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
Naphezu kweningi lentando yeningi kwiCongress iminyaka eyisithupha yaleminyaka eyisishiyagalombili yokuhlala kwakhe eposini, eisenhower (i-Republican ephakathi nendawo) yathola ukunqoba okuningana komthetho. Ngaphezu kokuqhubeka nezinhlelo zenkambo entsha kanye ne "REAL ROOREVEL" yakhe (uFranklin Roosevelt kanye neTruman, ngokulandelana), waqinisa izinhlelo zenhlalo, waveza umnyango wezempilo, wezemfundo kanye nezokuphepha komphakathi. Ngo-1956, eisenhower kwadala uhlelo lwe-motorstate, lwakha imigwaqo engamakhilomitha angama-41,000 ezweni lonke.
Ngesikhathi sokuqala kwe-Eisenhuer, inqubomgomo ye-anti-yamakhomanisi kaSenator-Republican Joseph McCarthy yephula inkululeko yomphakathi yezakhamizi, okuholele ochungechungeni lwezitatimende zethelevishini ezivumayo entwasahlobo yango-1954. Ukuze alondoloze ubunye beqembu, i-Eisenhower enqabile ekugxekeni komphakathi kweMcCarthy, yize ayengamthandi uSenator njengomuntu, kodwa wasebenza ngemuva kwezigcawu ukuze anciphise ithonya leMcCarthy futhi ekugcineni lidelela i-Republican.
Kodwa-ke, i-Eisenhuer isakhuphuka endabeni yamalungelo abantu baseMelika baseMelika. Ngo-1954, endabeni ka-Oliver Brown, iNkantolo Ephakeme yase-US, yanquma ukuthi ukuhlukaniswa kwesikole akukho emthethweni. Ngokusho kuka-Eisenhower, ama-degrees kumele asebenze kancane kancane, futhi wasebenzisa amandla kamongameli ukusekela ukwenziwa kwesigwebo senkantolo, yize athumela amabutho akwaFederal to Little Rock, Arkansas, ngo-1957 ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanganiswa kwesikole esiphakeme lapho. I-Eisenhower yasayina umthetho ngamalungelo abantu ngo-1957 no-1960, ukuhlinzeka ngokuvikelwa kwabavoti abamnyama - Umthetho wokuqala owamukelwe e-United States ngemuva kokulungiswa ngaseningizimu.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
Kungekudala ngemuva kokuvulwa, i-Eisenhower yasayina isivumelwano esaba ukuphela kwempi yaseKorea. Ngaphezu kokuthumela amabutho eLebanon ngo-1958, amabutho ahlomile ayengasasebenzi ngaphandle kwendawo yase-United States, yize uMongameli, engenakunqikaza, wavuma ukuchitha imali. Ugunyaze i-CIA ukuthi yenze imisebenzi eyimfihlo yokulwa nobuKhomanisi emazweni aphesheya, amabili ayechitha ababusi base-Iran naseGuatemala ngo-1953 kuya ku-19954. Ngo-1954, e-Eisenhower wanquma ukuvimba umoya ngenxa yokusindiswa kwamabutho aseFrance ukunqotshwa ku-dieen-bien-fu, ugweme impi ePeninson yaseNingizimu Vietnam, noma ngabe uHulumeni wamaKhomanisi kwavusa ukubamba iqhaza kwezifunda zase-Vietnamese Empini.
U-Eisenhuer wazama ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano neSoviet Union, ikakhulukazi ngo-1953, ngemuva kokufa kukaJoseph Stalin. Ehlobo lika-1955, emhlanganweni nabaholi bomhlaba eGeneva (Switzerland), waphakamisa inqubomgomo ethi "I-Open Sky", lapho i-United States neSoviet Union izokwenza amasheke ezempi emoyeni emoyeni. I-USSR yenqabile lesi sicelo, yize ivunyelwe yayo yamazwe omhlaba. Ngaphansi kosongo olukhulayo lobuchwepheshe beSoviet lwezikhali zenuzi, abakwa-Eisenhower noJohn Foster Dulles, owayephethe impumelelo kaNobhala Wezwe, wathola impumelelo ekuqiniseni ubuhlobo baseNyakatho ye-Atlantic kanye nokulwa Ukunwetshwa kwamakhomiya esifundeni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Njengoba sesithole imfundo ephakeme, i-Eisenhuer eSan Antonio yahlangana noMaymi Geneva Dud, okwenza isiphakamiso ngoFebhuwari 14, 1916. Ngemuva komshado, lo mbhangqwana wazala amadodana amabili - uDudait Duda (oshone noScarletin eminyakeni emithathu) noJohane.
Umzukulu weDuight Susan wangena emshadweni nososayensi baseRussia, kwaqhubeka ngokusobala isikhathi sobudlelwano obufudumele bomkhulu wakhe noHulumeni Wase-USSR, futhi umzukulu ashada naye indodakazi kaMongameli uNixon.
Ukufa Dwight Eisenhower
I-Eisenhuer yayinezilinganiso eziphakeme ngokungaguquki phakathi kwabavoti abangakwazi ukukuthinta ukugxekwa kombuso wakhe. Ukuphuma ehhovisi ebusika bango-1961, wasuka waya endlini yezwe eGettisburg, lapho asebenza khona, ikakhulukazi ngenhla kwencwadi yezinkumbulo. UMongameli we-USA ushone ngoMashi 28, 1969, ngemuva kwesifo eside.Amacaphuna
- "I-Prolomat ngumuntu okhokha kakhulu ukuze acabange isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokungasho lutho."
- "Isiqubulo sentando yeningi esingesona" asivumeli uHulumeni, "futhi" masikwenzele "
- "Sizofinyelela umhlaba, noma ngabe kufanele silwele lokhu."
- "Lokho esikubiza ngokuthi izindaba zakwamanye amazwe akusikho ngaphezu kwanoma yikuphi. Manje izindaba zangaphakathi ... "
Ukukhumbula
- Kwaziwa kancane ukuthi eBotsdam, ngo-1945, e-Eisenshuer wamelana nokusetshenziswa kwezikhali ze-athomu ngokumelene namadolobha aseHiroshima naseNagasaki. Uveze ukuthi iJapan isivele isembuthalo onikelayo, futhi owokuqala osebenzisa isikhali esisha esinjalo, angalimaza ukuvelela kwe-United States enkundleni yamazwe omhlaba, efinyelela endaweni yawo ephezulu.
- Ngesikhathi somhlangano wakwa-Eisenhower noZhukov, i-American Head Marshal "Koloy". UZhukov wakuthanda ukunambitheka kangangokuba wabuza i-Eisenshuer mayelana nokuhlinzekwa kwesiphuzo kuphela endlunkulu yaseZhukov, kodwa isiphuzo kufanele sidangele. Abasebenzi besitshalo bafeze isicelo se-Russian Marshal futhi bathumela amabhokisi angama-50 ophuzo eMoscow.
- Ukuvulwa kwangaphambili kwesibili kwaletha i-eisenhauer ukulandelela ukunqoba.
- Endimeni ye-United States ezenzakalweni zeMpi Yezwe II, Eisenhower wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "Crusade eYurophu".
- Ngokukhumbula uMongameli we-344 wase-US, iphrofayili kaDwight eqoshwe ngohlamvu lwemali ngedola elilodwa, isithombe ezinyathelweni zokuposa zeKyrgyzstan nase-USA.