Ubuzima
Ubukangurambaga bwo kwibasira Nazis ya Eisenhuer yigaruriwe n'Uburayi, bufite umwanya wa Commander ku mugabane w'Uburayi. Igikorwa cya Norman, guhera ku izuba rirashe ku ya 6 Kamena 1944, ryazanye intsinzi muri rusange. Mu 1952, abahagarariye ishyaka rya republika bemeje ko Eyenhower, icyo gihe wategekaga ibishasharara bidahwitse bya Nasthalnalhalnalhalnalhalnaya, kugira uruhare mu matora ya perezida. Dwight yatsinze umubare w'amajwi Stevenson - Demokarasi, hanyuma yongera gutore manda ya kabiri (1953-1961).
Ku ngoma ya Eisenhower, mu rwego rw'imiterere nyayo yo gukoresha intwaro za atome, umubano woroshye na Usss, wemeza ko ibikorwa byinshi bya CIA bigamije kurwanya ubutegetsi bw'Abakomunisiti.
Mu gihugu, muri leta, abantu bishimiye imibereho myiza, kandi Eisenhuer yashyizeho imibereho myiza, yashyizeho uburyo bwo mu buryo bw'imibereho, kandi Eisenhuer yashyizeho gahunda z'imibereho, yashyizeho uburyo bw'imihanda minini y'imodoka maze ayobora inyuma y'ibitekerezo kugira ngo atembane Senateri Joseph McCart. Perezida, nubwo yamenyeshejwe rubanda, ariko acika ku kurengera uburenganzira bw'Abanyamerika inkomoko ya Afurika, yananiwe gusohoza byimazeyo magingo y'urukiko rw'Ikirenga kugira ngo duhuze amashuri (1954).
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Dwightwight Dwight yavukiye i Denisone (Texas) ku ya 14 Ukwakira 1890. Umuhungu yakuze mu muryango ukennye, aho abomoka ku bahungu barindwi babaye uwa gatatu, mu mujyi wa Abilen, Kansas. Ku babyeyi b'abasore biografiya. Ku mahano ya nyina, abaporotestanti b'icyubahiro na Pasifingki, umusore w'iki gihe (nk'ayo yegereye) yabaye umunyeshuri w'ishuri rya gisirikare rya New York mu burengerazuba.
Umusore ateganya kujya mu Burayi, ariko imperuka y'inzara niyo mpamvu yo gutenguha umusore. Ariko bidatinze yashoboye kwiyandikisha ku cyicaro gikuru cya Collet Lavenworth (Kansas), nk'umufasha John Perli, wayoboye ingabo z'Abanyamerika mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose, hanyuma Douglas Machurthur, umuyobozi w'icyicaro gikuru cy'ingabo z'Amerika. Eisenhower yabayeho mu birwa bya Filipine.
Duight yasubiye mu gihugu cye nyuma gato y'igitero cy'Ubudage bw'Abanazi muri Polonye, cyateje intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose mu gice cy'Uburayi cy'umugabane. Eisenhower yayoboye ubukangurambaga bwo mu 1942, maze kandi ashyira ingabo mu bihugu bya Afurika y'Amajyaruguru, hanyuma ku kirwa cya Sicily no ku kirwa cya Sicily no ku kiliyani cyo mu Butaliyani, cyatumye Roma yo kugwa mu 1944.
Mu 1943, Eisenhower, wari ufite ipeti rya Coloneli-Jenerali, yagizwe umuyobozi w'ingabo, maze mu Kuboza uwo mwaka yatangije igitero cy'ingabo mu by'ingenzi y'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'ibihugu by'Uburayi. Izuba rirashe ku ya 6 Kamena 1944, Abafatanyabikorwa bambutse isuka hagati y'Ubwongereza n'Ubufaransa kandi batera inyanja ya Nornandy. Ingaruka z'igitero ni cyo kwibohora kwa Paris ku ya 25 Kanama, wahisemo ibizava mu ntambara mu Burayi. Esenhower yazutse muri Liyetona ku mugaba mukuru mu myaka itanu, Eyenhower yasubiye ku ntwari muri Amerika kugira ngo abe icyicaro gikuru cy'ingabo z'Amerika.
Umwuga wa politiki
Mu 1948, dufure ingabo zasigaye maze bafata umwanya wa kaminuza ya Columbia. Muri make gusubira mu mibereho y'abaturage mu 1950 byarangiye igihe Perezida Harry Truman yasabye Eisenhuer kwitabira itegeko rishya ry'ingabo za NATO. Muri uyu mwanya, Eisenhuer yateguye gukora umuryango umwe wa gisirikare ushobora gukemura ibibazo bishobora gutera Abakomunisiti ku isi.
Mu 1952, igihe umutambara karamanuka yaguye ku ntambara ikomeza hamwe na Koreya, Eisenhuer munsi y'umuvuduko rwabandi baharanira ubu perezida.
Mu nama y'ishyaka y'igihugu muri Nyakanga, kugendera mu majwi yatorewe ku cyiciro cya mbere cy'amatora. Munsi yicyicaro "Nkunda IK", nkumufasha wa Californiya Richard Nikson, Eisenhower yatsinze Sevenson kuba perezida wa Amerika (no kongera gutsindira Stevenson nyuma yimyaka ine, kuberako yatorewe nyuma yimyaka ine Manda, nubwo ibibazo byubuzima nyuma yo kwimurira umutima).
Perezida wa U.S.A
Imyaka yinama ya Eisenhower (01 / 20/8/7/23-20.01.1961) irangwa nimperuka yinshingano za gisirikare muri Koreya, umubano mwiza n'Uburusiya no mu ntangiriro ya Politiki y'Abanyamerika ".
Icyerekezo nyamukuru cyimirimo ya Eisenhower:
- Kurangiza gutotezwa kugirango ugaragarire ibitekerezo bisigaye (cyane cyane bijyanye na McCarthy);
- Kubaka inzira nyabagendwa mu gihugu hose;
- Gukura kwihantu muri leta mu bukungu;
- Ati: "Inyigisho Eisenhuer", irashira ko buri gihugu kigomba kubara imfashanyo y'ingabo z'Amerika mu gihe cy'igitero cy'ibindi bihugu.
Nubwo umubano uri hagati ya Amerika n'Uburusiya wakomeje kuba ususurutse, harimo inama na Nikita Khrushchev, wabaye mu 1959, kurasa kwa USSR mu ndege y'Abanyamerika "U-2" mu mpeshyi ya 1960 yasenye ibyiringiro bya Eisenhower kuri isi.
Mu ijambo rye ryo gusezera mu itumba ryo mu 1961, Eisenhuer yavuze ku kaga k'inganda zinganda za gisirikare. Uwahoze ari akurikije uko ahuza inzego z'ingabo akeneye ibyagezweho mu rwego rw'ikoranabuhanga mu bijyanye n'ubufatanye hagati y'ikoranabuhanga mu kigo cya gisirikare n'ubucuruzi, byakangishije kugira ingaruka mbi mu masomo mpuzamahanga. Ariko, imiburo ntabwo yumvikanaga, nubwo nta kihe cyintambara y'ubutita.
Politiki yo mu rugo
Nubwo benshi mu rwego rwa demokarasi muri Kongere imyaka itandatu mu myaka umunani babaye ku mwanya we ku mwanya, Eisenhowen (Republika iringaniye) yageze ku ntsinzi nyinshi zishinga amategeko. Usibye gukomeza gahunda z'inzira nshya kandi "amasezerano meza" y'abamubanjirije (Franklin Roosevel na Truman, yakomeje imirimo yo mu mibanire, yazamuye gahunda z'ubuzima, uburezi n'Ubwiteganyirize. Mu 1956, Eisenhower yateje sisitemu yumuhanda wa insanganyamatsiko, yubatse ibirometero 41.000 byimihanda ikikije igihugu.
Mu gihembwe cya mbere cya Eisenhuer, politiki yo kurwanya Abakomunisiti ya Senateri na Repubulika Joseph McCarthy, yatumye habaho urukurikirane rw'ibintu bya televiziyo mu 1954. Kubungabunga ubumwe bw'ishyaka, Eisenhower yirinze kunegura kwa McCarth, nubwo atakundaga Senateri nk'umuntu, ariko yakoraga inyuma yo kugabanya ingaruka za McCarth kandi amaherezo itesha agaciro republika.
Icyakora, Eisenhuer aracyashishikarije ku kibazo cy'uburenganzira bw'abaturage ku Banyamerika b'Abanyafurika. Mu 1954, ku bijyanye na Oliver Brown, Urukiko rw'Ikirenga rwo muri Amerika rwemeje ko hagamijwe gutandukanya ishuri. Nk'uko Eisentehower abivuga, impamyabumenyi igomba kubaho buhoro, maze akoresha ububasha bwa perezida kugira ngo ashyigikire ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'igihano, nubwo yohereje ingabo z'igihugu ku rutare ruto, muri Arksansas, mu 1957 kugira ngo habeho amashuri yisumbuye. Eisenhower yasinyanye itegeko ku mategeko mu 1957 na 1960, atanga uburinzi bwa federasiyo y'abatora birabura - amategeko ya mbere yemejwe muri Amerika nyuma yo kuvugurura amajyepfo.
Politiki y'Ububanyi n'amahanga
Nyuma gato yo gutangiza, Eisenhower yasinyanye amasezerano y'intambara yo muri Koreya. Usibye kohereza ingabo muri Libani mu 1958, ingabo ntizari zigikoreshwa hanze y'akarere ka Amerika, nubwo Perezida, ziyemerera gukoresha amafaranga yakoreshejwe. Yemereye CIA gukora ibikorwa byibanga yo kurwanya Abakomunirizamu mu mahanga, bibiri muri byo byahiritse abategetsi ba Irani na Guatemala mu 1953-1954. Mu 1954, Eyenhower yahisemo gukumira igitero cy'indege agakiza k'ingabo z'ubufaransa zatsinzwe kuri Dieen-Bien-Fu, zikaba zitunganye guverinoma yo muri Vietnam yo mu majyepfo, yari ifite ubutegetsi bwo kurwanya Abamukomunisiti, bwari bufite ubutegetsi bw'abakomunisiti Yarakaje uruhare rw'ibihugu mu ntambara yo muri Vietnam.
Eisenhuer yagerageje guteza imbere umubano Leta zunze ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti, cyane cyane mu 1953, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Yozefu. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1955, mu nama n'abayobozi b'isi i Geneve (Ubusuwisi), yasabye politiki "ifunguye", aho Amerika n'Ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti bizakora igenzura rya gisirikare mu kirere. Usssr yanze icyifuzo, nubwo yakwemereye mpuzamahanga. Ikoranabuhanga ry'ikoranabuhanga mu ntwaro za kirimbuzi ritera intwaro za kirimbuzi, Eisenhower na John barera imisoro, bakoraga icyo gihe cy'umwanda w'igihugu, bageze ku ntsinzi mu gushimangira amasezerano ya Atalantika mu majyepfo no gushyiraho amasezerano y'amajyepfo y'Amajyepfo, kurwana Kwagura Abakomunisiti mu karere.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Eisenhuer amaze kubona amashuri makuru, Eisenhuer muri San Antonio yahuye na Maymi Geneve Dud, wasabye icyifuzo ku ya 14 Gashyantare 1916. Nyuma yubukwe, abashakanye babyaye abahungu babiri - dushait duda (bapfuye kuva kuri detartin mumyaka itatu) na Yohana.
Igico cy'umwuzure wa Susan yinjiye mu ishyingiranwa n'abahanga mu Burusiya, mu buryo bw'ikigereranyo yakomeje igihe cyo kugirana umubano mwiza wa sekuru hamwe na guverinoma ya USSR, n'Umwuzukuru wa Perezida Nixon arubatse.
Urupfu Dwight Eisenhower
Eisenhuer yari afite amanota menshi mu gihe abatora badashobora kugira ingaruka ku kunegura ubutegetsi bwe. Kusohoka mu biro mu itumba ryo mu 1961, yagiye mu nzu y'igihugu i Gettisburg, aho yakoraga, cyane cyane hejuru y'igitabo cyo kwibuka. Perezida wa Amerika yapfuye ku ya 28 Werurwe 1969, nyuma y'indwara ndende.Amagambo
- Ati: "Umudipolomate ni umuntu wishyura byinshi kugirango atekereze igihe kinini atavuga."
- "Interuro ya demokarasi nyayo ntabwo" reka itume guverinoma, "na" reka twombire wenyine "
- "Tuzagera ku isi, niyo tugomba kurwanira ibi."
- Ati: "Ibyo twita ububanyi n'amahanga ntibirenze. Ubu ni ibibazo byimbere ... "
Kwibuka
- Ntabwo bizwi cyane ko muri potsdam, mu 1945, Eisenhuer yarwanyaga ikoreshwa ry'intwaro za atome kurwanya imigi ya HIROSHIMA na Nagasaki. Yavuze ko Ubuyapani bwari bumaze ku butegetsi bwo gutanga, kandi wa mbere ukoresha intwaro nshya nk'izo, irashobora kwangiza icyubahiro cya Amerika mu kibuga mpuzamahanga, cyageze mu rwego rwo hejuru.
- Mugihe cyinama ya Eisenhower hamwe na Zhukov, Umunyamerika yafashwe marshal "Koloy". Zhukov yakunze uburyohe bwinshi ku buryo yasabye Eisenhuer ku bijyanye no kunywa ibinyobwa byinshi ku cyicaro gikuru cya Zhukov, ariko ibinyobwa bigomba gucika intege. Abakozi b'igihingwa byasohoye icyifuzo cya Marshal cy'Uburusiya kandi bohereza ibinyomonyo 50 kuri Moscou.
- Gufungura imbere ya kabiri byazanye Eisenhauer gahunda yo gutsinda.
- Ku ruhare rwa Amerika mu byabaye ku Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, Eisenhower yanditse igitabo cyitwa "Crusade mu Burayi".
- Kwibuka perezida wa 34, umwirondoro wa Dwight yashushanyije ku giceri gifite amadorari rimwe, igishushanyo kuri kashe ya posita ya Kirigizisitani ya Kirigizisitani ya Kirigizisitani ya Kirigizisitani ya Kirigizisitani ya Kirigizisitani.