I-Biograge
Ama-connoisseurs e-cinema yeSoviet awejwayelene nobuciko obunjalo ngokuthi "kusihlwa ezinhlanu", i- "Autumn Marathon" futhi "abahlukani nabathandekayo bakho." Umbhali wesikrini kuzo zonke lezi zithombe, kanye namafilimu angaphansi ka-19 angagudluki, waba yimbongi yaseSoviet kanye ne-PlayWright Alexander Volodin.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexander moisevich biography lifshitsa (linjalo igama langempela leKinocA0) laqala eMinsk ngoFebhuwari 10, 1919. Umfana walimaza umama wakhe ekuseni. Ngokusho kwakhe, uVollodin akazange akhumbule nokuthi wabheka kanjani nokuthi ushonile kanjani, futhi uYise waya komunye umfazi owenqaba ukuthatha uShasha omncane.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-5 ubudala, izihlobo ezikude zazithatha ingane ngokwazo, kodwa kwakungekho ubuhlobo obuseduze obungokomoya phakathi kwabo, abazange babe ngumndeni owodwa. ULifeshitz wayehlala nomalume wakhe, udokotela owenziwa ngudokotela, abe yiminyaka eyi-16.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, u-Alexander wakhombisa ukuthakazela ubuciko bezemidlalo, ikakhulukazi, emsebenzini we-Russian playwright a.n. Ostrovsky. Wathengela amathikithi ngemali okwakufanele achithwe ekudleni kwasemini kwesikole. Umfowabo omdala wensizwa, umlingisi weshashalazi studio ogama lakhe lingu-Alexei Wild, wayengumthelela omkhulu ekukhetheni komsebenzi kanye nendlela yokuphila.
Kodwa-ke, naphezu kokuthakazelisa ngobuciko, ngenxa yezidingo zasendlini (umfana odinga izindlu, futhi irisidi liqinisekise indawo yamahhala ehostela) iVolrodin yesikhathi esizayo yangena esikhungweni seMoscow Aviation Institute ngo-1936. Wafundela lapho izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela, ngemuva kwalokho waphothula ezifundweni zokufundisa eSpukhov futhi wasebenza isikhashana njengomfundisi edolobhaneni lasedolobhaneni lasedolobhaneni.
Ikusasa i-PlayWright yaba nomuzwa wokuthi engenayo indawo yakhe. Umphefumlo wakhe wawusawulwela ubuhlakani bezemidlalo. U-Alexander waphupha ukutshela umhlaba wonke ngamava, imibono nemizwa yakhe. Kamuva, kwavela, kwakuyisisusa sangona ngaphakathi kwangaphakathi kwaba ukhiye kuyo yonke indlela yomlobi yendoda.
Ekugcineni, ngo-1939, isifiso sensizwa sagcwaliseka, waphumelela izivivinyo zokungena eGitis eGitis. Kepha ukubhaliswa kwezempi kanye nehhovisi lokubhalisa kwazo zazinezinhlelo zazo zeVolloinin: Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokufunda, wathunyelwa e-ajenda yamasosha.
Ngentando yentando ngaleso sikhathi, izinsuku zokungakhathaleli zakwaSasha zaphela, kwakungekho minyaka emi-2 kuphela yokuthola inkonzo yokuphoqelelwa ngaphambi kwakhe, kodwa neminyaka emi-4 ende, ebandayo yempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Ngokwemiphumela yale minyaka emibi, leli sosha linikezwe indondo "ngesibindi" futhi salimala kabi ngesiqephu sezimayini ngakwesobunxele ngo-1944. Esibhedlela, waqamba ivesi lakhe lokuqala.
Ukudala
Ekupheleni kwempi, u-Alexander waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe, kodwa hhayi eGitis, kodwa ekwenzeni isimo senhlangano yeVgika, eWeplosep e. Gablovich. Uvikele idiploma ngo-1949, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho wahlala njengomhleli wamateyipu wokuqeqeshwa ngamasosha eLeningrad Studio yamafilimu wesayensi nawaziwayo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ehlushwa inhlekelele ekhona nemicabango ngempilo ehlulekile, i-volodin yakhipha iqoqo lokuqala lezindaba. Enye yazo, "iminyaka eyishumi nanhlanu yokuphila" ka-1953, yabonisa ngokuphelele isimo sakhe esimnyama. Ngokusho kwesithombe saleso sikhathi, ungabona ukuthi i-fey fay yabukeka ngayo.
Ekupheleni konyaka olandelayo, incwadi ye-prose encane kusuka ezindabeni eziyi-9, okuhlangane kahle nabagxeki abavela eKomsomolskaya Pravda kanye ne- "Literary Gazeta". Izinhlamvu zemisebenzi yakhe zaziyinto yabantu "abancane" abanezifiso ezinesizotha, amaholo aphansi kanye nobungcweti obulula, obusanda kungena empilweni yabantu abadala.
Ngo-1956, iVollodin yaqamba umdlalo "wentombazane efektri", ngesimo sakhe njengeqoqo "izindaba". Ilungelo lokubeka le nto shama ebalulekile endaweni yesehlakalo, kwakhiwa izinkundla zemidlalo ehlukene ezahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, "intombazane" ikhombisile izigcawu ezingaphezu kuka-40 kulo lonke i-USSR.
Ukudlala kwesibili kombhali okubizwa ngokuthi "kusihlwa amahora amahlanu" faka uLeningrad BDT kubo. I-Gorky neMoscow "yesimanje". Impumelelo emangalisa ayizenzanga ukulinda isikhathi eside. Ngo-1962, iVollodin yabhala i-play "enhle", ngesisekelo seminyaka engama-20 kamuva, ifilimu lethelevishini "ngamaphimbo amabili" no-Alice Freundlich kanye noNikita Mikhalkov bafakwa inkanyezi.
Imisebenzi emine ebhalwe yi-Playwwright - "inhloso", "udadewethu osekhulile", "kusihlwa ezinhlanu" ne "ntombazane efektri" - yaba yisisekelo sobuholi bukaVollodin emibuthanweni ye-50s kanye nama-60s.
Noma kunjalo, naphezu kwesibalo esikhulu sokuqongelela izibukeli, abagxeki basola umbhali wezingcezu ekuhlanekezelweni ngokoqobo, okubi, nokweluleka kwemibono ye-soviet. Kwakunabavikeli abaningi, bakhulunywa ngaye ngenhla kwamahholo anempilo, kanye nabanye ababhali (y Herman, A. I-Arbuzov, V. Panova).
Kusukela ngo-1964, ezindabeni zakhe nemidlalo yaqala ukudubula i-movie ephelele. Ifilimu yokudubula yabika "ukubiza, vula umnyango" oqondiswe ngu-Alexander Mitty no-Elena inkinga. Kubhalwe ngokukhethekile isimo sefilimu "se-adventure yodokotela wamazinyo" kwaba yindawo yokuqala yesigaba sabafundi somlobi, ubuhlakani bakhe obuqhubekayo bungabhekwa njengemibono ngempilo yomuntu siqu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokubeka umsebenzi usebenza uhlobo ipharadesi, Volodin wakhipha trilogy mayelana Stone Age, abantu bakudala imibuzo okuphakade - "imicibisholo amabili", "dummy" futhi "isibankwa". Ukwehla kwengqikithi ye-Triptych kwakuyinkinga yokuzikhethela kokuziphatha, okujwayelekile kakhulu kumlobi.
Ama-1970s agcwala kakhulu u-Alexander Moisevich. Waqamba ngasikhathi sinye izimo ezimbalwa eziphumelele ze-cinema - "Indodakazi kaMama", "imidwebo enemvula", "ukudideka kwemizwa". Amafilimu alo athandwa kakhulu "nabathandekayo awahlukani", "Dulcinea Tobos", "inhloso". Ekupheleni kweshumi leminyaka, i-Premiere ye-melodrama "ekwindla marathon" eqondiswe yi-georgy deltela yenzeke. Lesi sithombe sithole isimo sehlelo, sahlakazwa ngezingcaphuno, sihlala sisebenza nanamuhla.
U-Alexander Volodin ungumnqobi woHlelo Lombuso we-RSFSR 1981 kanye neLaureate yoMklomelo WeMongameli ka-1999. Uwine isihloko esithi "Inganekwane ebukhoma yeSt. Petersburg".
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Volodin yashada ngonyaka owodwa kaFrida Shilimovna Lifshitz eMpini Yempi enkulu. Umbhangqwana wawunezingane ezimbili, amadodana kaVladimir no-Alexey, owabe esefudukela eMelika. Babebiza abazali babo, kodwa idrama yase-US kwakungekhona ukunambitha.
Esikhathini sangemva kwempi, lo mbhangqwana onendodana yokuqala waphila ekulimaleni. Bajuluka egumbini elincane elinendawo yezigcawu eziyi-7, egumbini elingaphansi lefulethi elidala lomphakathi.
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo kaFrida no-Alexander baqhutshwa efulethini labo eSt. Petersburg, ikakhulukazi ehleli emakamelweni ahlukene. Owesifazane ngenxa yesifo esingathi sína, umyeni wakhe wakhetha isizungu futhi ulalele umculo we-classical.
Ukushona
Ukufa kwembongi nokudlala kwafika ngoDisemba 17, 2001 efulethini lakhe eSt. Petersburg. Wayeneminyaka engama-82.
IVollodin yangcwatshwa emathuneni amaKomarovsky, unkosikazi, owashona eminyakeni emibili kamuva, watholakala eduze kwethuna lakhe. Imbangela yokufa kuka-Alexander Volodine inganekwane ingaziwa.
Izimo nokuhlelwa
- 1956 - "Intombazane Efekthri"
- 1959 - "Kusihlwa Kusihlanu"
- 1960 - "Ukuvakashela Nendlu"
- Ngo-1961 - "Udadewethu Omdala"
- Ngo-1962 - "Umbono"
- 1963 - "Injongo"
- Ngo-1966 - "Kastrchcha"
- 1971 - "DulCinea Tobos"
- 1972 - "Ungahlukani nabathandekayo bakho"
- 1974 - "Amadodakazi kamama"
- 1980 - "Imicibisholo emibili"
- 1981 - "Lizard"
- 1984 - "Blonde"