Ubuzima
Ubuzima bwuyu mugore utangaje numusomyi ukomeye wumuryango w'Ingoma y'Uburusiya - yuzuyemo ibintu bishimishije no gutondeka uburambe. Maria Sofiya Frederica Dagmar yarokotse abakundwa babiri: Cesarevich Nikolay Alexandrovich n'Umwami w'abami Alexandrovich n'Umwami Alexander wa III, kandi na we yize ku iyicwa ry'umuhungu we Nicholas II n'umuryango wose.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ku ya 26 Ugushyingo 1847, mu nzu ya Bergum iherereye i Copenhagen, ku mwami wa Danemarhagen, ku mwami wa Danemarhagen, ku mwami wa Dayoka wa Gikristo Ix n'umugore we Louise Gessen-kasel, uyu mukobwa Maria Sofiya, yabaye iya kabiri mu bakobwa batatu (hari abana batandatu. Hari abana batandatu (hari abana batandatu (hari abana batandatu muri umuryango). Kubwamahirwe, Dagmar ntabwo ari amakuru menshi yerekeye ubwana nurubyiruko. Birazwi ko umukobwa yakundaga munzu, nubwo atatandukanye mubitekerezo byiza nubwiza buhebuje, ariko kubera igikundiro kidasanzwe, ariko kubera igikundiro kidasanzwe gishobora kuba abantu bose.
Umusore Dagmar asezerana kugirango agire mu kwishora kuri piyano asoma ibitabo bya kera. Umwakama wakundaga umwanditsi yari umunyeshuri w'Ubufaransa Moorgeges, kwandika inkuru za filozofiya yerekeye ubukana bwabagore. Kuva akiri muto, Maria Sofiya yari azi ko hakurikijwe imigenzo, yagenewe kurongora nta muntu wese uhagarariye imiyoborere itandukanye y'umwami kugira ngo bakomeze politike y'amaraso ndetse n'imbere .
Byongeye kandi, imigebwe y'Abanyaburayi, ubwiza bwa Kantny bwepfo bwari bukunzwe cyane cyane ku "mu masoko y'umugeni", kubera ko ubumwe na Dane bwatanze garanti ko nyir'intebe atazamuka mu bami. Ariko birakwiye ko tumenya ko mushiki we w'imyaka 16 yashimye abikuye ku mutima mushiki we Alix, mu 1863 yemeye icyifuzo cy'ukuboko n'umurage we - igikomangoma cya Wales Albert Eduard.
Umusomyi
Umusore Maria Sofiya yari azwiho imiterere ye haba mu gihugu cye kavukire, kandi hakurya y'umukobwa byumvikanye mu Burusiya. Muri icyo gihe, umwami w'abami w'Ikirusiya - Uburusiya Alexander II, hamwe n'umugore we Male Alexandrovna, gusa nshakisha Sisholas Nicholas ejo hazaza hatoranijwe. By the way, Nix (yitwa samuragwa mumuryango) yabazwe numuhungu w'imfura ukunda mu muryango wa Rumanov: Yagaragaje ko yubaha, avugisha ukuri, kandi afite ubwenge buhebuje kandi kandi bugaragara neza.
Birazwi ko ubumwe bw'Uburusiya-Burusiya bwari bugirira akamaro. Uburusiya, yahaye amahirwe yo gushyiraho umubano ufitanye isano n'ibihugu by'Uburayi, harimo n'Ubwongereza, aho birega, ntabwo bishyuwe. Dukurikije ibihuha, Umwamikazi Victoria yaretse Uburusiya bitewe nuko yanze akaba yari yaranzwe na Alexandre ya Alexandre II. Kuri Danemarke, ubumwe n'Uburusiya nabwo bwagombaga gufata no: Igihugu cya Scandinaviya nticyiganje muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga, bityo yari akeneye amadengi akomeye.
Ijambo rya nyuma ryagumyeho nicks: Igihe Casirarearevich yari yerekanye ifoto Dagmar, ariko murumuna we - Alexandre Alexandrovich - Umuganwakazi wa DaneAndre yasaga naho umukobwa ukiri muto nta kigero. Mu 1864, umuragwa ku ikamba ry'Uburusiya yagiye mu mahanga, aho yasezeranije isabukuru ye y'amavuko (20 Nzeri) na Maria Sofiya. Ariko, ubumwe bwabakundwa bwari kubaho igihe kirekire.
Kugenda mu Butaliyani, Zesarevich yararwaye mu buryo butunguranye. Bidatinze, abaganga batangaje igihano kiteye ubwoba - Meningite Meningitis. Kuva mu gihe cyizuba cya 1864, nick yavuwe neza, ariko nyuma yumwaka ubuzima bwumusore butangira kwangirika cyane. Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 12 Mata, nyuma y'ububabare buri ku masaha ane, umusimbura Alexandre wa II yitabye. Birashimishije kubona dagmar na murumuna wa samir hamwe na Nikolai Aleksandrovich: ukurikije umugani, batagira batatu batatu bagumanye ibiganza ku rupfu rwabo. Amagambo ya nyuma yo gusenya ibyuma: "Imashini ihagarara!"
Rero, nyuma y'urupfu rwa Nixa, Alexander Alexandrovich yabaye Cesarevich. Ariko mu muryango w'Uburusiya ntimwibagiwe Dane yoroheje: Alexandre wa II yasabye umuhungu we kurongora umwamikazi. Ariko, uzasimbura yavuze ibititeguye kuba umuragwa ku ntebe. Byongeye kandi, Umutima wa Alexandrovich wahawe akazi na Maria Meshcherskaya - Freillan ya nyina.
Alegizandere yabwiye ababyeyi be urukundo rwe, ariko bashimangira ko urubyaro rwabo rusura Copenhagen, kugira ngo batsinde pagmar ya Dagmar. Cesarevich yariyemeje, ariko nyuma yo kuganira cyane na se, aracyafite: Alegizandere yagiye kwa Danimarike, kandi umwamikazi we akunda yajyanywe muri Paris arashyingiranwa.
Alegizandere ntiyari azi ibyiyumvo bya Nourie (niko hirya na Maria Sofiya mu muryango wa Romayov), igihe kinini nticyatinze kuvugana na Dane, nubwo akenshi bimaze kuba hamwe kandi bafatwa alubumu y'amafoto. Muri iyo minsi, ubwiza bwihutiye kujya mu ijosi ry'umusore burarira: umutima we urababaza nibuka muri Nix. Agahinda gasanzwe kari ku mwamikazi hamwe n'umwami w'ejo hazaza, Dagmar rero na Alexander bahise bakundana. Mu mpeshyi yo mu 1866, umukundwa wabaye umushoramari mu murwa mukuru wa Danimarike, maze Dagmar yizuba yemejwe orthodoxie, aba umwamikazi ukomeye Maria Fedorovna.
By the was, Maria Fedorovna yabanje guhambirwa no gutaka no kwinezeza mu rukiko rw'Uburusiya. Birashimishije kubona ko ibiba by'umwami bigize imiryango mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe byo mu Burayi byari bitandukanye cyane n'ubuzima bwabaye mu Bwami bw'Uburusiya bugereranijwe ku ntebe y'ubwami. Kurugero, rubanda ruteganijwe, rwari rukenewe nimiryango ya cyami kugirango tubungabunge imigenzo, akenshi zabonwa nabami nkimizigo ikomeye. Kubwibyo, Dagmar yahujwe nibidukikije bishya nigenamiterere rishya. Kubwagabwe, abasezeranye habaye amategeko amwe, kubera ko atazi ko bidashoboka guhitamo umwambaro ku mugoroba wenyine, kandi nanone nticyabitekerezaga ko ari ukuganira n'umwami mbere - strictest Ban.
Umubano mu muryango
Umuganwakazi wishimye kandi wiyoroshya wemewe cyane mu Rukiko na Metropolitan. Nubwo umubano wa Mariya Fedorovna na Alexandra batatangiye kwishima, nyuma umugabo n'umugore bakundana. Umwami w'abamirije ikizaza yagerageje kumarana n'umugore we: bagiye guhiga maze baroba, kandi bazengurutse gukurura, urugero bari muri Cathedrale ya Petropavlovsk, aho yari yashyinguwe.
Ahantu hakomeye ho kuguma kubakunzwe ni Gtarina. Rimwe na rimwe babaga muri Peetehof n'umudugudu wa cyami, no kugera i St. Petersburg, bahagarara ku ngoro ya anichkov. Dagmar yibarutse umwami w'abana bana batandatu, muri bo yari sair y'Urugo rw'ejo hazaza ku ntebe ya Nikolai Alexandrovich (Nicholas II).
Alexandre III
Mu gihe cya Alexander wa III, Maria Fedorovna Art Ubuhanzi: Umunyapolitiki yari umuntu wubukungu (urugero, imipira yatunganijwe inshuro zirenze enye mu mwaka), ariko igipimo gikomeye cyingengo yimari yagiye kumashusho meza. Ikinini cy'igihe cye Dagmar cyakoreshejwe mu nshingano z'umuryango, kubera ko umwami w'abami yahagaritse kugerageza ku mwamikazi kugira ngo arusheho kwivanga mu mibanire y'ibihugu no mu rwego. Bihangayikishijwe nuko Alegizandere yakundwa yari afite urwango yerekeza mu Budage, kubera ko, icyo gihugu cyagize uruhare muri politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga y'umwami.
Mu gatasi ko mu 1894, duke Mukuru yapfiriye mu ngoro ya Livadia kubera indwara igenda itera imbere y'impyiko, yatangiye kwiteza imbere impeta, yatangiye gutera imbere nyuma ya gari ya moshi ya Borki. Umuryango wa cyami wakomeje kubaho nshishikaye kubaho kwa Alexandre, washoboye kubika igisenge cy'amagare ku bitugu. Ariko ibi feat byagize ingaruka zikomeye kubuzima bwumuyobozi.
Alexander wa III yapfuye bibabaje kandi ndende, Maria Fedorovna (wari kumwe n'umugabo we icyo gihe cyose) ahuye n'ibyiyumvo bimwe na biri mu 1864, igihe Nix yabonye. Birazwi ko igihe umwami w'abami yahagaritse umutima, Dagmar yatakaje ubwenge.
Inama ya Nicholas II.
Nyuma y'amasaha abiri apfuye urupfu rwa Alexandre wa III, Uburusiya buhuye n'umwami mushya - Nikolay Alexandrovich. Mu buryo butandukanye na se, umutegetsi mushya ntiyari akomeye mu bibazo bya Leta.
Ku ngoma ya Nikolai wa II, nyina na we yagerageje kubangamira muri Dausis, ariko umugore yababajwe n'ukuri ku bijyanye n'Uburusiya: Intambara yatsinzwe n'Uburusiya, Ikiyapani, Inganda zigoye, n'ibindi .; Byongeye kandi, muri Nicolae, imimero ya mbere y'impinduramatwara mu gihugu, yavukiye mu gihugu, umunezero w'igihugu wariyongereye, kandi ibya politiki muri rusange byaragoye.
Dukurikije ibihuha, umupfakazi yarishimye Minisitiri w'inganda Sergey Juliyevich Wite maze adakunda umukazana we Alexander Fedorovna - akurikije Dagoma, uyu mukobwa w'ibanga ntashobora kuba inkunga ikomeye ku mugabo we. Mu bindi, Maria Fedorovna yari umufasha w'umuryango wo gukunda igihugu w'umugore, yari infashanyo, kandi yafashaga abasirikare bakomeretse mu ntambara ya mbere y'isi yose.
Impinduramatwara
Impamvu ya Revolution yabaye iyimbere na politiki y'ububanyi n'amahanga ya Nicholas II. Urugendo rw'abaturage rwakuze nka Tsunami: abakozi bicara ku gitero ku nganda, abavura imvururu rubanda batanguye mu mihanda, kandi imyigaragambyo kandi igatera amavuta yasutseho amavuta gusa. Nk'uko Sosiyete, umwe gusa ni we ushobora gukiza ingoma y'Uburusiya n'ingoma: Gutandukanya Nicholas II ku ntebe y'ubwami.
Kubwibyo, nyuma ya 15 Werurwe, Umwami w'abami yanze ikamba ry'Uburusiya Alexei hamwe n'umugereka wa Mikhail Alexandrovich. Ibyerekeye iki gikorwa cyapfuye Maria Fedorovna yiga i Kiev no ku mava ya Mogilev kugirango abone umuhungu we. Hanyuma umupfakazi yoherezwa muri Crimée, nyuma mu Bwongereza arangije ahagarara mu Dayoka we kavukire, aho yari afite amaboko.
Icyakora, i Copenhagen, Umugabenisitani ntabwo yubashye bene wabo: abanyapolitiki bo muri Danemark bemezaga ko Dagmar yari inzitizi, kubera ibibazo bishobora kuvuka na Moscou. Kandi, nubwo ibyifuzo byera bisaba, umupfakazi yanze kwitabira ibibazo bya politiki.
Urupfu
Mu gatasi ko mu 1928, umugore wigunze, wahoze ari Umugazi na nyina wa Nicholas wa II, yarapfuye. Urupfu rwe rwakunze kwitwa iherezo rya Epoki yihungabana ryinshi. Maria Fedorovna yari otnets mu rusengero rwa orotodogisi ya Copenhagen yitiriwe Alexander Nevsky.
Muri 2004-2005, Dagmar yakomeje kuva muri Daniark mu Burusiya: Maria Fedorovna yashyinguwe muri Caddorali ya Perropavlovlovlovlovsko yashyinguwe n'umugabo we Alexander III. Nyuma ye, Dane yavuye mu murage - isanduku yonyine ifite imitako n'inva aho ibyo yibuka yabitswe.