I-Biograge
I-biography yalowesifazane omangalisayo yi-Empress enethonya elikhulu kakhulu loMbuso WaseRussia - agcwele izehlakalo ezijabulisayo kanye nokuhlunga okuhlangenwe nakho. UMaria Sofia Frederica Dagmar wasinda othandekayo: uCesarevich Nikolay Alexandrovich noMbusi u-Alexandrovich noMbusi u-Alexandrovich noMbusi u-Alexandrovich noMbusi futhi bafunda ngokubulawa kwendodana yakhe uNicholas II nawo wonke umndeni wasebukhosini.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoNovemba 26, 1847, eBergum Marion etholakala eCopenhagen, eKensikeme inkosi yamaChristian ix nomkakhe uLouise Gessen-Kassels, intombazane uMaria Sofia yazalwa, eyaba ngeyesibili yamadodakazi amathathu (kwaba nezingane eziyisithupha ku umndeni). Ngeshwa, i-dagmar akuyona imininingwane eminingi kangaka mayelana nobuntwana nentsha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le ntombazane ibiyintandokazi endlini, yize yayingafani nengqondo egqamile kanye nobuhle obuhlukile, kepha ngenxa ye-charm yangaphakathi ingathanda cishe wonke umuntu.
UDagmar osemusha wavuma ukumcumba ngopiyano futhi ufunde izincwadi zakudala. Umbhali oyintandokazi kaPrincess kwakungu-French Novel Georges Sand, abhalela izindaba zefilosofi ngobukhulu bekusasa labesifazane. Kusukela esemncane, uMaria Sofia wayazi ukuthi ngokwesiko, wahlelwa ukuba ashade nothando, kodwa ngokubala: Akunamfihlo kunoma ngubani omele amakhosi asebukhosini ahlanganisa izibopho zawo zegazi ukuze zilondoloze zombili ezepolitiki zangaphakathi .
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-European Grooms, ama-Beauties aseNingizimu Kantny ayedume kakhulu e- "Brikoti Fair", ngoba inyunyana neDane yanikeza isiqinisekiso sokuthi umnikazi wesikhathi esizayo wesikhathi esizayo ngeke akhuphukele emakhosini. Kepha kufanelekile ukuqaphela ukuthi lo muntu oneminyaka engu-16 wajabula ngokweqiniso ngodadewabo u-Alix, okwathi ngo-1863 wamukela isiphakamiso sesandla sakhe nezinhliziyo ku-Indlalifa eWales Albert Eduard.
Cindezela
UMaria Sofia osemusha wawudumile ngenxa yokufutheka kwakhe ezweni lakubo, futhi ngaphezu kwesimo sentombazane wezwakala eRussia. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMbusi Wama-Russian Alexander II, kanye nomkakhe uMaria Alexandrovna, bavele bafuna iCesarevich Nicholas esikhethwe esizayo. By the way, Nix (ngakho-ke obizwa ngokuthi yindlalifa embuthanweni womndeni) wabalwa yindodana endala emndenini wakwaRomanov: Wanethemba lokuhloniphana, ukwethembeka, futhi wayenomqondo omuhle nokubukeka okuhle.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi i-Danish-Russian Union yayizuzisana. URussia, wanikeza ithuba lokusungula ubudlelwano obuhlobene namazwe aseYurophu, kubandakanya i-UK, ubuhlobo obunobumnene, ukuwubeka icala ngobumnene. Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, iNdlovukazi yeVictoria ayilandeli iRussia ngenxa yokuthi wenqatshwa ngu-Alexander II omncane. EDenmark, ubunye neRussia kuzodingeka futhi babeke: Izwe laseScandinavia alizange libuse kwinqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe, ngakho-ke wayedinga abalingani abanamandla kakhulu.
Igama lokugcina lasala ama-nick: lapho i-cesarevich esencane ikhombisa i-dagmar yesithombe, kepha intombazane yamhlaba umxhwele, kodwa umfowabo u-Alexandrovich - inkosazana yaseDenmark Princess kwabonakala sengathi inenekazi elincane. Ngo-1864, indlalifa eya kumqhele waseRussia yaya phesheya, lapho yaze yabandakanyeka khona ngosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe (Septhemba 20) noMaria Sophia. Kodwa-ke, inyunyana yabathandekayo yayikhona isikhathi eside.
Ukuhamba e-Italy, iZesarevich yagula ngokungazelelwe. Ngokushesha, odokotela bamemezela umusho omubi - i-jubercousy meningitis. Kusukela ekwindla ka-1864, ama-nick aphathwa kahle, kepha ngemuva konyaka impilo yensizwa iqala ukuwohloka kakhulu. Ngobusuku bango-Ephreli 12, ngemuva kobuhlungu obunamahora amane, abalandela u-Alexander II badlula. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uDagmar nomfowabo wendlalifa bebonke babanjwa nguNikolai Aleksandrovich: Ngokwenganekwane, bona u-Threenes baqhubeka nezandla ekufeni kwabo. Amagama okugcina ensimbi efayo: "Shintsha umshini!"
Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufa kukaNixa, u-Alexander Alexandrovich waba yiCesarevich. Kepha emndenini waseRussia awuzange ukhohlwe ngeDane enesizotha: U-Alexander II wafuna ukuba indodana yakhe ishade nenkosazana. Kodwa-ke, umlandeli obhekisele kulokho okungakulungele ukuba yindlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, inhliziyo ka-Alexander alexandrovich yaqashwa nguMaria Meshcherskaya - u-Freillan kanina.
U-Alexander watshela abazali bakhe uthando, kodwa bagcizelela ukuthi inzalo yabo izovakashela iCopenhagen, ukuze izuze indawo ye-Dagmar. UCesarevich wayezimisele, kepha ngemuva kwengxoxo enkulu noYise, asazinikele: U-Alexander waya eDenmark, futhi inkosazana yakhe ethandekayo yadingiselwa eParis yashada.
U-Alexander wayengazi ukuthi yimiphi imizwa esondzelani (ebizwa ngokuthi uMaria Sofia emndenini waseRomanov), isikhathi eside ayengazange axazulule ukukhuluma neDane, yize babevame ukuhlala ndawonye futhi babheka ama-albhamu anezithombe futhi abheka ama-albhamu anezithombe. Ngolunye lwalezi zinsuku, ubuhle bagijimela entanyeni yensizwa bakhala: umphefumulo wakhe uhlukumeza izinkumbulo zikaNix. Usizi oluvamile eduze kwenkosazana kanye nombusi wesikhathi esizayo, ngakho-ke uDagmar no-Alexander basheshe bathandana. Ehlobo lika-1866, othandekayo wenzeke ekuhlanganyeleni enhlokodolobha yaseDenmark, kanye neDagmar yasekwindla yamukela i-Orthodoxy, iba yinkosazana enkulu uMaria Fedorovna.
Ngendlela, uMaria Fedorovna ekuqaleni wamangala umhlobiso kanye nokunethezeka kwenkantolo yaseRussia. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ukuba kwenhlangano yenkosi emindenini kwamanye amazwe eYurophu kwakuhluke kakhulu empilweni engokwemvelo eMbusweni WaseRussia asondele esihlalweni sobukhosi esilinganiselwe esihlalweni sobukhosi esilinganiselwe esihlalweni sobukhosi. Isibonelo, umphakathi ophoqelekile, owayedingeka yimindeni yasebukhosini ukuze alondoloze amasiko, ajwayele ukubonwa ngamakhosi njengendawo enkulu. Ngakho-ke, i-dagmar ayikaze ivumelane nezimo ezintsha kanye nesilungiselelo esisha. Ngoba amakhosasi kwakukhona imithetho ethile yenkosana: ngokwesibonelo, wayengazi ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukukhetha ingubo kusihlwa eyakhe, futhi futhi akuzange kuqagele ukuthi bekuyingxoxo nombusi wokuqala - oqinile Vimbela.
Ubudlelwano emndenini
Inkosazana ethokozisayo nenesizotha yamukelwe ngemfudumalo enkantolo kanye nasemiphakathini yedolobha elikhulu. Yize ubudlelwane bukaMariya Fedorovna no-Alexandra baqala hhayi nge-notch yenjabulo, ngemuva kwalokho umyeni nenkosikazi babethandana kakhulu. Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wazama ukuchitha ngaso sonke isikhathi nomkakhe: baya ekuzingeleni nasezinhlanzini, futhi bahamba bezungeza idolobha futhi babukela ukuheha, lapho i-Nix yangcwatshwa khona ePetropavlovsk Cathedral, lapho iNix yangcwatshwa khona.
Indawo esemqoka yokuhlala kothandekayo kwakungu-gatchina. Kwesinye isikhathi babehlala ePeterhof nasedolobhaneni lasebukhosini, futhi bafika eSt. Petersburg, bayeka e-Anichkov Palace. UDagmar wabeletha umbusi wezingane eziyisithupha, phakathi kwazo kwakuyindlalifa yesikhathi esizayo esihlalweni sobukhosi uNikolai Alexandrovich (Nicholas II).
U-Alexander III Board
Ngesikhathi sika-Alexander III, uMaria Fedorovna wasondelana nobuciko bezepolitiki: Usopolitiki wawungumuntu ozomnotho (ngokwesibonelo, amabhola ahlelwe kungabi ngaphezu kwezikhathi ezine ngonyaka), kepha ingxenye enkulu yesabelomali yaqhubeka nemidwebo emihle. Ubuningi besikhathi sakhe uDagmar uchithe izibopho zomndeni, ngoba umbusi wamisa noma yimuphi umzamo wokuphazamisa izifundo kanye nezindaba ezisemthethweni. Kuyakhathazeka ukuthi u-Alexander wamukela ubutha eJalimane, ngoba ngombono wakhe, leli lizwe lithonye nenqubomgomo yezangaphandle yombusi.
Ekwindla ka-1894, iGrand Duke yashona eLivadia Palace ngenxa yesifo esithuthukayo sezinso, esaqala ukuthuthuka ngemuva kokuphahlazeka kwesitimela esiteshini saseBork. Umndeni wasebukhosini uhlala uphila ngokubonga u-Alexander, okwazile ukugcina uphahla olugoqiwe lwenqolobane emahlombe akhe. Kepha le feat iye yathinta kakhulu impilo yoMholi.
U-Alexander II washona ngobuhlungu futhi ende, futhi uMaria Fedorovna (owayenomyeni wakhe sonke lesi sikhathi) wahlangabezana nemizwa efanayo njengasekude ngo-1864, lapho uNix ebonwa. Kuyaziwa ukuthi lapho umbusi eseyekile inhliziyo, uDagmar ulahlekelwe ukwazi.
Ibhodi likaNicholas II.
Emahoreni amabili ngemuva kokushona kuka-Alexander III, iRussia ihlangana noMbusi omusha - Nikolay Alexandrovich. Ngokungafani noyise, umbusi omusha wayengasho lutho ezindabeni zombuso.
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNikolai II, umama wakhe naye akazama ukungaphazamisi e-Dausis, kodwa umfazi wakhungathekisa okungokoqobo okuzungezile: impi engaphumelelanga yaseRussia - yase-Russian-Japan, isimo esinzima semboni kanye nezolimo, njll; Ngaphezu kwalokho, eNicolae, amahlumela okuqala e-Okthoba Revolution azalelwa kuleli, injabulo kazwelonke yanda, futhi isimo sezepolitiki esijwayelekile saba yinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, umfelokazi wahambisana noNgqongqoshe Wezezimali uSergey Juliyevich Witte futhi wangayithandi umalokazana wakhe u-Alexander Fedororovna - Ngokusho kukaDagmar Fedororovna - Ngokusho kweDagmar, le ntombazane eyimfihlo ayikwazanga ukuba sekela umyeni wakhe oqinile. Phakathi kokunye, uMaria Fedorovna wayengumsekeli womphakathi wabesifazane, wayenomusa, futhi wasiza namasosha alimele ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.
Inguquko
Isizathu sokuvuselelwa ngoFebhuwari kwakuyinqubomgomo yangaphakathi neyakwamanye amazwe eNicholas II. Ukunyakaza kwabantu kukhule njenge-tsunami: abasebenzi bahlala phezu kwalesi sigameko amafektri, izimbangi eziningi zaqala emigwaqweni, kanye nokuqhakaza nokubuyisana nokushayisana namaphoyisa kwathelwa kuphela uwoyela emlilweni. Ngokusho komphakathi, munye kuphela ongasindisa uMbuso WaseRussia kanye nobukhosi: Ukulahlekelwa kabusha kweNicholas II kusuka esihlalweni sobukhosi.
Ngakho-ke, ntambama ka-Mashi 15, umbusi wenqaba umqhele waseRussia uvumela iCesarevich Alexei ngeRegen of Mikhail Alexandrovich. Ngalo mcimbi obulalayo uMaria Fedorovna ufunda eKiev namaqabunga eMogilev ukubona indodana yakhe. Lapho-ke umfelokazi uthunyelwa eCrimea, kamuva e-UK futhi ekugcineni uyeka eDenmark yakhe yendabuko, lapho ebanzi.
Kodwa-ke, eCopenhagen, i-Empress ayizange ibe nenhlonipho yezihlobo: Osopolitiki baseDenmashi babekholelwa ukuthi i-dagmar yayiyizithiyo, ngenxa yokuthi izinkinga ezingavela ngayo eMoscow. Futhi, naphezu kwezicelo zokufuduka okumhlophe, umfelokazi wenqaba ukuhlanganyela ezindabeni zezepolitiki.
Ukushona
Ekwindla ka-1928, owesifazane onesizungu, owayenguma-Empress wangaphambili futhi umama kaNicholas II, washona. Ukufa kwakhe kwakuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuphela kwe-epoch of the shocks enkulu. UMaria Fedorovna wayengu-Otnets eSontweni Lase-Orthodox of Copenhagen aqanjwe ngo-Alexander Nevsky.
Ngo-2004-2005, uDagmar uhlala esuka eDenmark eRussia: UMaria Fedorovna wangcwatshwa ePetropavlovsky Cathedral eduze nendoda yakhe u-Alexander III. Ngemuva kwayo, i-dane yashiya ifa - i-casket kuphela enezihlokwana kanye nedayari lapho izinkumbulo zayo ezazigcinwa khona.