Ubuzima
Umuganwakazi Olga - Umugore w'Umuganwa Mukuru w'Uburusiya Igor Rurikovich, nyina wa Sloyatoslav Igorevich, Amategeko RUS ava mu myaka 945 kugeza 960. Iyo avuka, umukobwa yatanze izina rya Helga, umugabo witwaga izina rye bwite, ariko verisiyo yumugore, kandi igihe umubatizo yatangiraga kwitwa Elena. Olga azwiho kuba ubukristo bwafashe ku bushake bwa mbere mu bategetsi ba Leta y'Uburusiya.
Films za firime, ibiganiro bya televizi byakuweho kubyerekeye umwamikazi olga. Abahanga mu by'amashusho bari mu buhanzi bwubuhanzi, babonye ibisigisiki bishaje bagerageza kwiyemeza ifoto y'abagore. Muri kavukire PSKov hari ikiraro, funkment na chapel ya OKri n'irwibutso rwayo.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Itariki nyayo y'amavuko ya OK yabyaye ntiyarinzwe, ariko mu gitabo cy'amashanyarazi cy'Ikinyejana cya XVII bivugwa ko umwamikazi yapfuye afite imyaka mirongo inani, bityo akavuka nyuma y'ikinyejana cya IX. Niba wemera "archhangherodsky umwanditsi wagaciro", noneho umukobwa arubatse afite imyaka icumi. Abahanga mu by'amateka baracyatongana n'umwaka w'ivuka ry'Umwamikazi - guhera kuri 893 no kurangiza umwaka 928. Inyandiko yemewe izwiho 920, ariko iyi ni umwaka uvuka.
Ibya kera byerekana "Umugani wa Bysone imyaka", bisobanura ubuzima bwabatware ba Olga, bwerekana ko yavukiye mu mudugudu wa muganiraho, PSSKOV. Amazina y'ababyeyi ntabwo azwi, kuko Bari abahinzi, ntabwo ari ingero zamaraso nziza.
Inkuru yo mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya XV ivuga ko Olga yari umukobwa w'ikintu, Oleg, wategekaga Uburusiya, kugeza ubwo Isor azakura, mwene Rurik. We, nkurikije imigani, arongore Isori na Olga. Ariko iyi verisiyo yinkomoko yumwamikazi ntabwo yemejwe.
Inteko Nyobozi
Muri iki gihe, igihe ibiti byishe umugabo wa Olga, Igor, umuhungu wabo Sversoslav yari afite imyaka itatu gusa. Umugore yahatiwe gufata ubutegetsi mu ntoki kugeza igihe Umwana azakura. Ikintu cya mbere umwamikazi yakoze - yirukanye imyenda.
Bakimara kubacwa kwa Igor boherejwe i Orga Svatov, bamushishikarije kurongora igikomangoma - Mala. Byashakaga rero guhuza ibihugu no kuba imiterere nini kandi ikomeye yicyo gihe.
Olga yashyinguye umukinnyi wa mbere, nashyinguye muzima nkoresheje rok, tureba neza ko urupfu rwabo ruba ruruta urupfu rwa Igor. Umuganwakazi wumugabo wohereje ubutumwa ko akwiriye ko abereyemo abagabo bakomeye b'igihugu. Umuganwa arabyemeye, kandi ibyo biromeka bifunze umugore mu bwogero maze atwika ari muzima, mu gihe bari barumiwe kugira ngo bamusange.
Nyuma, umwamikazi yahageze ninshuti nto kumusozi, kugirango akine impeti ku mva yuwo mwashakanye akurikije imigenzo. Muri Trenna, Olga yayoboye Razlya, abwira abasirikare kubaterera. Mu gitabo, byerekana ko imyigaragambyo yahise itakaza abarwanyi ibihumbi bitanu.
Mu 946, umwamikazi Olga yagiye ku rugamba rufunguye ku gihugu cya Drevlyan. Yafashe umurwa mukuru wabo na nyuma yo kugota igihe kirekire, gushyira mu bikorwa amayeri (abifashijwemo n'inyoni, ivanga ihamye yari ifitanye isano na paws), yatwitse umujyi wose. Igice cya Drevlyan cyapfiriye ku rugamba, abasigaye bashyikirijwe kandi bemera guha icyubahiro Uburusiya.
Kuva muraho mwana wa Olga igihe kinini namara mu kwiyamamaza kwa gisirikare, imbaraga zigihugu yari mumaboko yumuganwakazi. Yakoresheje ivugurura ryinshi, harimo kurema ibigo byubucuruzi no kuvunja, byatwemereye gukusanya byoroshye.
Ndashimira umwamikazi mu Burusiya, havutse kubaka amabuye. Urebye uko ibihome by'ibiti byaka byoroshye, yahisemo kubaka amazu yabo mu ibuye mu rugo. Inyubako za mbere mu gihugu ni ingoro yo mu mujyi n'inzu y'igihugu.
Olga yashyizeho imisoro nyayo ya buri shingiro, itariki yo kwishyura ninshuro. Bitwaga "fithules". Abayoboke bose ba Kiev, ubutaka bwategekwaga kubishyura, kandi umuyobozi w'igikomangoma - Tiun yashyizweho muri buri shami ry'ubuyobozi bw'igihugu.
Muri 955, umwamikazi yahisemo gukurikiza ubukristo arabatizwa. Nk'uko isoko imwe, yabatijwe muri Constantinople, aho Umwami w'abami KanStantin VII yabatijwe ku giti cye. Mu gihe cyo kubatizwa, umugore yemeye izina Elena, ariko mu mateka aracyafite ibyamamare nk'Umwamikazi Olga.
Yasubiye i Kiev afite amashusho n'ibitabo by'itorero. Mbere na mbere, umubyeyi yashakaga kubatiza umuhungu we w'impletov, ariko yasebya gusa abafashe ubukristo, ariko ntibabuze umuntu.
Ku ngoma ya OKGA, hari insengero nyinshi, harimo n'umwami wabaye muri kavukire waskov. Umuganwakazi ku giti cye yagiye mu majyaruguru yigihugu kubatiza abantu bose. Ngaho yarimbuye ibimenyetso byose bya gipagani ashyira umukristo.
DESPE Witonda kandi udakunda byakiriye idini rishya. Bashimangiye cyane kwizera kwabo kwa gipagani, bagerageje kumvisha igikomangoma Svloyatoslav mu kuba ubukristo buzatwikuramo Leta kandi bigomba guhagarikwa, ariko ntiyashaka ko abuzwa nyina.
Olga ntiyigeze ashoboye guhindura abakristo idini nyamukuru. Abarwanyi baratsinze, kandi umwamikazi yagombaga guhagarika gutembera, gusoza i Kiev. Yareze abahungu ba Sloyatonov mu kwizera kwa gikristo, ariko ntiyitinyuka kubatiza, atinya uburakari bw'Umwana n'urupfu rw'abuzukuruza. Yafashe rwihishwa umutambyi hamwe na we, kugira ngo adatanga impamvu yo gutotezwa gushya kw'abantu bo mu kwizera kwa gikristo.
Nta tariki nyaryo mu mateka igihe umwamikazi yashyikirije guverinoma ya Brazda kugira ngo umuhungu we SLestososlav. Yakundaga cyane ubukangurambaga bwa gisirikare, nubwo rero izina ryemewe, igihugu cya OKga. Nyuma, umwamikazi yahaye umuhungu we imbaraga mu majyaruguru yigihugu. Kandi, birashoboka, bitarenze 960, yabaye igikomangoma gitegeka Uburusiya bwose.
Ingaruka za OKGA zizaba ku ngoma abuzukuru be za Yaropolk Svytotoslavich na Vladimir Svytoslavich. Bombi barerewe na nyirakuru, bamenyera ku kwizera kwa gikristo kandi bakomeza gushinga igihingwa mu nzira y'ubukristo.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Dukurikije "imigani y'ibihe bya bygone", ubuhanuzi Olegi oleg yashakanye na Olga na Igor, igihe abari bakiri abana. Mu nkuru, yavuze ko ubukwe bwari mu 903, ariko, nk'uko abandi nk'andi masoko, Olga ntibyavutse ndetse bityo, nta tariki y'ubukwe nyabwo.
Hano hari umugani ko abashakanye bahuriye ku yambuka munsi ya PSKAV, igihe umukobwa yari atwara ubwato (yahinduye imyambaro y'abantu - yahindutse abantu gusa). Igor yabonye ubwiza buto ahita atangira gusuzugura ibyo yahinduwe. Igihe cyo kurongora - yibuka umukobwa wigometse amutegeka kumubona.
Niba wemera amateka asobanura ibyabaye muri ibyo bihe, igikomangoma cya Igor cyapfuye muri 945 uhereye ku maboko y'imisozi. Olga yaje ku butegetsi kugeza umuhungu we akuze. Ntiyigeze ashyingiranwa, ntabwo yavuzwe ku isano n'abandi bagabo bo mu mateka.
Urupfu
Olga yapfuye indwara n'ubusaza, ntabwo yicwa abategetsi benshi b'icyo gihe. Mu gitabo, umwamikazi yapfuye mu 969. Muri 968 Pechenegs yabanje gukora igitero ku bihugu by'Uburusiya, kandi Sloyetoslav yagiye ku rugamba. Umugazizi Olga hamwe nabuzukuru bafunzwe i Kiev. Igihe umuhungu yagarukaga mu ntambara, yakuyeho kugota ashaka guhita ava mu mujyi.
Mama yaramuhagaritse, aburira ko yari arwaye cyane kandi yumva afite uburyo bwo gupfa. Yari afite ukuri, nyuma yiminsi 3 nyuma yamagambo, umwamikazi olga arapfa. Yashyinguwe hakurikijwe imigenzo ya gikristo, mu butaka.
Muri 1007, umwuzukuru wumuganwakazi - Vladimir I SveniyaTlavich - yahuye n'ibisigisigi bose, harimo ibisigisigi bose, harimo ibisigazwa bya OK, mu itorero bishingiye ku isugi ya Saint i Kiev. Ubushobozi bwemewe bw'Umwamikazi bwabereye hagati yikinyejana cya XIII, nubwo ibitangaza byabisigisigi byavuzwe kera mbere yibyo, yasomwe nk'ibyera kandi yitwa bihwanye.
Kwibuka
- Olginskaya Umuhanda wa Kiev
- Cathedrale Yera Olginsky i Kiev
Firime
- 1981 - Olga Ballet
- 1983 - Filime "Umugani w'Umwamikazi Olga"
- 1994 - Cartoon "impapuro z'amateka y'Uburusiya. Abakurambere b'isi "
- 2005 - Filime "Saga Abanyaligariya ya kera. Vuga Olga Mutagatifu "
- 2005 - Filime "Saga Abanyaligariya ya kera. Izuba rya Vladimir Izuba Rirashe
- 2006 - "Umuganwa Vladimir"
Ubuvanganzo
- 2000 - "Az Mana ndabona!" Alekseev S. T.
- 2002 - "Olga, umwamikazi w'i rusoro." Boris Vasilyev
- 2009 - "Umuganwakazi Olga". Alexey Karpov
- 2015 - "Olga, umwamikazi w'ishyamba". Elizaveta Butlerkaya
- 2016 - "Imbaraga zihuriweho." Oleg Pasus