Ubuzima
Mottlest Petrovich Mussorgsky - Umuhinyi ukomeye w'Uburusiya, inyandiko ze zahumetswe n'imigenzo y'amateka n'imigenzo ya folklore. Ubwenge kwirengagiza karume yashizweho yumuziki wiburengerazuba, Umuremyi wa mbere washyizeho akorana uburyohe bwigihugu bwigihugu bwahimbaze imbaraga nimiterere yihariye yabaturage b'Abarusiya. Opera Boris Godunov yabaye icyitegererezo cy'igikorwa cy'ijwi-simfonike kandi yagize uruhare mu mirimo y'abanditsi benshi bo mu mpera z'imyaka ya 19 - mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Mottlest Petrovich Mussorgsky, umunyacyubahiro wumuzungu, yavutse ku ya 9 Werurwe 1839 mu isambu ya Karevo, iherereye mu Ntara ya PSKov km 400 uvuye muri St. Gellsburg. Ababyeyi, abakire ba nyir'ubutunzi, babaye mu bakomangoma bizwi cyane bya Smolensk, bamanuka n'abakomoka ku ngoma ikomeye ya Ruriki.
Peter Alekseevich Mussurgsky yari umuhungu w'abazamu, nyir'umutungo mwinshi mu ntara ya Toropetsk. Yaragwa isambu, yavuye muri Senate yabereye muri St. Gene Petersburg kandi yashakanye na Yulia Ivanovna Chirikova, umukobwa w'ingabo zishaje ku mudugudu uturanye na Naumovo.
Nkuko ababyeyi batigeze babura uburyo, ubwana bwo kwiyoroshya bwakozwe mu kirere cy'ikiruhuko gihoraho. Ukikijwe no kwita ku Nanny, umuhungu kuva akiri muto yumvise uburyohe bw'indirimbo z'Uburusiya n'imigani n'imigenzo ye, maze nyina ashyira umuhungu we kuryohe umuziki wa kera atangira kumwigisha Azam gucuranga piyano. Ku myaka 7, uwahimbye ejo hazaza yatoranijwe byoroshye mugucuranga piyano akomeye piyano arazura hamwe no gutesha agaciro.
Ku myaka ya 10, Mussorgsky yoherejwe mu kigo cy'uburezi cy'Ubudage, giherereye i St. Petersburg, aho umuhungu yakomeje kwigarurira umuziki uyobowe n'umuyobozi wa Piyani na mwarimu wa Antostustovich Herke maze mu 1852 atangiza umwanya wa mbere wigenga kuri piyano. Ababyeyi bishimiye intsinzi yo guhanga, ariko umwuga wo guhanga ntiwasuzumwe. Abakomoka ku gisirikare bashinzwe imigenzo yumuryango kandi bidatinze bategura kwiyoroshya mwishuri ryabashinzwe umutekano, aho twategetsega.
Umusore yemeye ubutegetsi bukomeye bw'ikigo, ariko ntiyahagarika umuziki. Murakoze impano ya kinate kandi imaze kubona ubuhanga, Mussorgsky yabaye ubugingo bwikigo kandi buri gihe akorerwa mubirori nibiruhuko bikwiranye nishuri. Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bworoheje bwatangiye kunyura mu businzi, cyari kimwe mu bigize ubuzima bw'abanyeshuri bakizengurutse igihe.
Mu 1856, uwahimbye ejo hazaza yarangije amashuri barindaga kandi yakiriye gahunda yo guhinduranya St. Petersburg. Gukemura mu murwa mukuru, yahuye na gisirikare no guhanga intambara z'Uburusiya.
Bidatinze, umusore witabira buri gihe mu nzu y'uwahimbye Alexander Dagomyzhsky maze agirana inshuti n'umuco w'umuco w'Abarusiya, Alexander Kyui na Mia ba Balakirev. Uwa nyuma yafashe "uburere bw'abanyarwanda" na muzika ", wahisemo kuva mu gisirikare ku bw'umwuga wuzuye wa muzika.
Umuziki
Ubuzima bwo guhanga bwa mussorgsky bwatangiye hamwe na gahunda yigikoresho cyimikorere ya Symphonic kugirango imikoreshereze yubuhanga bwo guhinga kandi gahunda yumuziki. Mugihe cyakazi, uwahimbye Novice yamenye ko ubwoko buto butahuye nubugingo bwe nubugingo bwe, bityo, kwandika Perrovich, Petrovich yoroheje yibajije OCERE.
Mu myaka 3, MusSorgsky yahimbye akazi gashingiye ku byago bya Sofokla ", noneho bizimya umugambi wa Flaubre ', kandi nyuma yigihe gito bifata imiterere y'" ijoro rya nimugoroba rya Ivan Kupala "Nikolai Gogoli" NIKOLAI GOGOL . Umaze kwandika ibice byinshi, umwanditsi yatakaje inyungu mumishinga kandi ntabwo yarangije n'umwe muribo.
Mu ntangiriro ya 1860, Petrovich yoroheje yatangiye ubushakashatsi bushingiye ku bwoko bwa muzika maze bandika indirimbo nyinshi ku bisigo binini, muri bo, "kuri ati:" Calicistra ". Iyi mirimo yashyizeho intangiriro yimigenzo yigihugu mubikorwa byabahimbye kandi yatandukanijwe nintege nke zisanzwe hamwe nikinamico idasanzwe.
Hakurikiraho hakurikijwe urukurikirane rw'urutonde rw'urukundo rushingiye ku rukurikirane "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema "," Indirimbo ya Yarema " Kandi mu 1867, urumuri rwabonye akazi ka Sympmonic y "Ijoro rya IVAOV ku musozi wa Badd", ubanza watekerejwe nka korari.
Gufatanya na bagenzi bawe bahimbye, United mu ntoki zikomeye, Mussorgsky yakuye ibitekerezo gakondo n'ibice bishya byavutse bijyanye n'imiterere ya politiki yahindutse. Ingaruka zibibaye icyifuzo cyanze bikunze cyerekana ishusho yuzuye yibintu bitangaje byabereye muburusiya mubihe byashize nubu.
Abacuranzi bashakaga kuzana ibihangano ukuri kandi bashakisha uburyo budacogora. Kimwe mu bisubizo by'iryo shakisha ni umurimo usosiyete uhimbye "gushyingirwa", umwanditsi witwa "wabaye amahugurwa y'impano nini yo mu Burusiya mbere yo gukora igihangano by'Uburusiya cyitwa" Boris Godunov " .
Kora ku mugambi wa Puchkin watangiye mu 1868 hanyuma uhita uhita ugaragara umwaka utaha uwahimbye urufunguzo kandi arangiza amanota nyamukuru. Igishimishije ni uko petrovich yoroheje yazamuye ibitekerezo byigihe kizaza igihe kirekire kandi, kwandika umuziki, byakoresheje ibishushanyo.
Gukurikiza igitekerezo cyamateka nubusigo, Mussorgsky yibanze ku ngingo 2, iherezo ryumuntu nubuherezo bwabantu, kandi twanga nimero zabaturage kugirango ashyigikire ibintu binini byamashanyarazi. Niyo mpamvu igitabo cya mbere cya Boris Godunova nticyahaza Ubuyobozi bw'ikinamico ya Mariinsky, banze gushyira muri Opera mu 1870.
Umaze kwiyandikisha hamwe na bagenzi be watunganije, Petrovich yoroheje yatunganije akazi mugihe gito gishoboka muguhindura imvugo hanyuma wongere inyuguti nyinshi. Mubyongeyeho, ibinure muburyo bushya bwakazi bwabaye bwa nyuma, bugereranya imiterere ya rubanda. Ubwinshi bwa Melodies hamwe namashusho ya sofratic yakozwe "boris Godunov" icyitegererezo gikomeye cya opera kandi cyazane ubukuru no kuba icyamamare kandi cyamamare kumuremyi. Premiere y'akazi yabereye i St. Petersburg muri Gashyantare 1874.
Kandi mu mussorgsky anenganya, MusSorgsky yishora mu kanwa ka gahunda nshya yo guhanga, kuvugana n'insanganyamatsiko yo kurasa amaraso. Kora kuri "Hovhanchina" yateye imbere ntabwo yihuta nkuko umwanditsi abishaka. Yahoraga arangazwa nindi mishinga nizizuba, amaherezo yunze ubumwe mu gukusanya amajwi "abana", kimwe na piyano akinira "amashusho avuye mu imurikagurisha".
Hagati ya 1870, asubiraho ikaye hamwe na favhavich ya "Hovhanchina", Petrovich yoroheje yahimbye "indirimbo n'imbyino y'urupfu" kandi yagaragarije abo mukorana ibice bike by'undi Opera yitwa "
Mu myaka yakurikiyeho, mussorgsky hagati y'ibiremwa bibiri bishya, ahubwo ni ikibazo cy'ubukungu kitoroshye, hafi y'ubukene, cyabujijwe akazi kazuye kandi bigira ingaruka kumiterere yumubiri nubwenge. Mu 1879, inshuti zateguye uburyo bwa petrovich yo mu mujyi w'Uburusiya kandi bashyiraho ikigega mu rwego rwo gushyigikira umwanditsi w'igihangana. Yafashije mussorgsky imyaka 2, ariko Opera "Hovhanshchina" na "imurikagurisha rya Sorochinsky" kandi ntigukomeza kutarandukira.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Benshi mubuzima bwa mussorgsky bamaranye muri St. Petersburg, bazenguruka muri societe yumuco kandi uhanga. Abagize "Bunch ikomeye" babaye kubwo kubahiriza umuryango wa kabiri yasangiye intsinzi n'ingorane, intsinzi no gutsindwa.
Nubwo Petrovich yoroheje yazengurukaga muri sosiyete, ntabwo yishimiye ubuzima bwe kandi nta mugore cyangwa abana. Umukecuru wenyine umwanditsi yari asa cyane nibyiyumvo byoroheje ni Lydomila Ivanovna mushiki wa Mikhail Glinka, wahagarariwe na Cardian Cardiac y'ababyeyi. Ibimenyetso by'ubu busabane byari amabaruwa, yabitswe mu bubiko bwo guhanga bw'uwahimbye.
Urupfu
Mu ntangiriro ya 1870, Mussorgsky yasize byinshi kugirango yifuze. Urubyiruko rwumuyaga ufite amashyaka atagira iherezo nabashakanye bateje ko ku myaka 40, uwahimbye atangira kugerageza ibitero byubusazi, icyateye kunywa inzoga.
Kubera gutinya kubera impamvu ye bwite, Petrige Carrica yahamye Dr. George Carrica ku giti cye Dr. George Carrica ku giti cye. Perezida wa Jeters uriho muri St. Petersburg y'abaganga, kandi mfashijwe no gukuraho akamenyero kabi.
Ikibazo cyaje igihe Mussorgsky yirukanwaga muri serivisi. Uwahimbye yegukana mu bukene yarokotse impande za 4 z'umuzungu igwa mu bitaro. Inshuti, harimo numuhanzi Ilya quin, wanditse amashusho y'urupfu rw'uwahimbye, yishyuwe, ariko yari yaratinze gato byanze bikunze.
Ku ya 16 Werurwe 1881, Yongeye guhindurwa kwa petrovich yongeye kugwa mu busazi, kandi igitero gikurikira cya Metcharcolone psychose niyo mpamvu itera urupfu rw'Umuhiga ukomeye w'Uburusiya. Nyuma y'iminsi mike, abo mukorana bashyinguwe mu mussergsky muri St. Petersburg mu karere ka Alexander Nevsky, naho 1972 inzu ndangamurage yeguriye ubuzima no guhanga umutwe wa Arisi Goudenova mu nzu y'umuryango.
Imirimo ya muzika
- 1857-1866 - "Imyaka URUBYIRUKO"
- 1859 - "Shamil Marsh"
- 1867 - "Ijoro ku Musozi wa Badd"
- 1868 - "Gushyingirwa"
- 1869 - "Boris Godunov"
- 1870 - "Abana"
- 1873 - "Hovhanshchina"
- 1874 - "Imurikagurisha rya Sorochinsky"
- 1874 - "Izuba"
- 1874 - "Amashusho ava mu imurikagurisha"
- 1877 - "Indirimbo n'imbyino y'urupfu"