I-Biograge
UNikolay Morozov - umuntu ongumlando, ongumlando wakhe ugcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo kanye nemicimbi emangalisayo. Ukwazile ukubhala amaphepha amaningi esayensi, ahlale isigamu seminyaka sekhulu ekuphelweni futhi noma ngabe ukholelwa inganekwane evamile, ukuze ube yi-sniper endala kakhulu yebutho laseSoviet.Ubuntwana nentsha
UNikolai Alexandrovich wazalwa ngoJulayi 7, 1854 efeni likaBorok Yaroslavl. Uyise - uPeter Shpokhhinin - wayenesitshalo se-equestrian futhi waba nenhlanhla enkulu. Kuyiqiniso, uMorozov uqobo, ngisho nasencwadini ye-autobiographical, indaba yempilo yami ayisho lutho amagama abazali.
Umama wenguquko yesikhathi esizayo, u-Anna Plaksina, wayeyindodakazi kaBlacksmiti - uPeter Schepokhn wamnika izingane mahhala, wazala izingane eziyisikhombisa, kodwa akafundanga umshado. Ubuye wamnika igama elithi Morozova, uNikolai Alexandrovich agqoke. I-pastronynysic yabantu abatholwa kuNkulunkulu, umninindlunkulu wendawo.
Ubuntwana bomfana budlulile ekuchumeni. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uShpochechin akazange afunde isikhundla sendlalifa, abhekise kakhulu ekukhulisweni nasemfundo. UKohl waqala wakhombisa amandla eSayensi, ngakho uYise wabona iNdodana kasosayensi.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, osemusha wangena ebangeni lesibili le-Gymnasium - waba nokungathandi kahle uNkulunkulu nangeLatin. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngento yakamuva, indawo yokuzivocavoca, i-Gymnasium yabhekana nayo ngokuphelele, kepha ngenxa yokungqubuzana nothisha wokuhlola yayikubi, noKole ngisho waze wahlala unyaka wesibili.
Imfundo ye-Classical Masinyane unesithukuthezi iMorozov, futhi wanquma ukusungula umbuthano othile ongahlelekile wesayensi yemvelo nge-Charter yakhe. Ngokushesha uthole abantu abanomqondo ofanayo - Intsha yafunda imisebenzi kaDarwin, funda izincwadi ezinamandla, wakhipha umagazini.
Ekuqaleni, uBaba wavumela indodana yakhe inkululeko efanayo, kodwa lapho uthando lwendilinga lubhubhise ukuba yingozi ukuba luthinte intuthuko, yaveza ukunganele. Kodwa-ke, lokhu bekungaphazamisi i-cola ngokwengeziwe ukuze idluliselwe emuva "kokuphila kwabafundi abangaphansi komhlaba." Ngaleyo minyaka, waqala ukujwayelana nabamele amaqembu abukhali. Futhi entwasahlobo yango-1874, nganquma ukujoyina i- "Tchaikov".
Ngemuva kwalokho, ngemuva kwalokho, imisebenzi yezinguquko ezisebenzayo yaholela engxenyeni "yezwe futhi izoba nengxenye lapho kulungiswa khona ukubulala u-Alexander II - ngenxa yalokhu, ukuboshwa okuphindaphindwayo kwenzeka ngesiphetho sososayensi. Ngo-1882, ama-populist agwetshwe udilikajele. Wathola inkululeko ephelele ngo-1913 kuphela, eshaya u-Ament. Ngendlela, ezindaweni nje zokuvalelwa kwenkululeko Morozov ekwazile ukuguqula imishini yesayensi ibe yimisebenzi eminingi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umshado wokuqala ono-Olga Lyubatovich Nikolay u-Alexandrovich wahlala engokoqobo - Ababili benza sengathi benza ubuhlobo, kepha wayehlala ndawonye isikhashana. U-Olga Spilidudonna, kanye nomyeni wezempi, ugwetshwe uxhumano, ukuba ngumfundisi "umhlaba futhi uzonyakaza".Ngo-1880, uLyubatovich noMorozova bazalwa yindodakazi. Ngaleso sikhathi, izinguquko zomdabu zazisebenza esinye isijeziso, futhi u-Olga Piridudonna washiya intombazane esuka kubangane ayokhulula isithandwa sakhe. Kepha ukuboshwa kwakhe kuphela okutholakele - ngalesi sikhathi, okuwukuphela kwendodakazi kasosayensi yabulawa yi-meningitis.
Azisekho zingane eNikolay Alexandrovich yayingenjalo. Futhi impilo yomuntu siqu yathola okuningi kamuva. Ngonkosikazi wesibili - umbhali uKsenia Alexeevna - wahlangana naye ngo-1906, ngaleso sikhathi indoda yayingu-52nd. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, bashada.
EMorozov, oshade naye waba yingelosi yomqaphi kanye nomnyuziyamu. Lona wesifazane wamsekela ngesikhathi senkomba. Futhi ngemuva kokukhululwa kwaba nomthelela ocwaningweni lwakhe, kwasiza ekushicilelweni. By the way, ngo-1910, amazwe asezwe enikezela iqoqo "izingoma zenkanyezi".
UNikolai Alexandrovich noKsenia Alekseevna baphila impilo ejabulisayo, naphezu kokuntuleka kwezingane. Unkosikazi wasala naye waze wafa, wasinda umyeni wakhe iminyaka engu-2, wangcwatshwa eduzane.
Isayensi
UNikolai Alexandrovich waba ngumlobi wemisebenzi eminingi ye-Historiographic and Astrophysical, naye waduma njengosokhemisi. Kunelukuluku lokuthi akazange athole imfundo yephrofayili kulesayensi, kodwa ngenxa yalowo msebenzi omangalisayo namakhono obuhlakani afunda ngokuzimela izisekelo. Futhi ngemuva kokukhululwa, waze wafundisa nasesikoleni samafilimu aphezulu eSt.
IMorozov yaba nezinga likadokotela wesayensi, ngenkathi lingazange livikele umbono wakhe. Umsebenzi wakhe "Ozone noPeloxide" waba yisitatimende esinemininingwane sokubukwa kososayensi ngenqubo yokwakhiwa kwamakhompiyutha e-peroxidant. Ukusuka ngaphansi kwezandla ze-academian, elinye inani lamaphrojekthi aphathelene ne-allotropy yezinto ezilula aphuma. Kepha impumelelo enkulu, ngokuya ngokweSontolo, yaqala ucwaningo emkhakheni wezomthetho wezikhathi ezithile. Isibonelo, walindela ukuvulwa ukuvulwa kwePositron ne-elektroni.
Imibono engokomlando ye-Academinian, eyaphuma ngemibhalo emikhulu emithathu, "abaprofethi", "kuzambulo ekudumeni kwezulu kanye nesifulo" kanye "noKristu" kufanele. Lesi sakamuva sabangela ukugxekwa kanye nezingxabano phakathi komphakathi wesayensi, ngoba kwakha umbono wokuqamba umlando.
Into yokufunda
Amaphrojekthi okubhala kaNikolai Alexandrovich adonsela ukunaka komphakathi ngenxa nje ye-biography enzima yombhali onesipiliyoni sakhe kanye nasekuvukelelayo. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaqhwa aqukethe izinhlangano zomphakathi eziningana, kufaka phakathi umphakathi we-petrograd Earth.Ukubhala izinkondlo abantu baqala ebusheni bakhe. Futhi izincwadi zokuqala zabona ukukhanya eNgilandi naseSwitzerland. Inzalo yezithameli yanqunywa yi-Motifs yezenhlalo, imibono yokuguqula imisebenzi. Ngasikhathi sinye, izinhlobo zamaqoqo akhe zazihlukile - kusuka emibhalweni enobungane kanye nenkondlo seatire kuma-lyric mologies kanye nezinkumbulo.
Iningi lemisebenzi kaNicholas Alexandrovich yayingama-autobiographical, noma kunjalo, umbhali akenqaba ezingxoxweni zenhlalo, ethinta izinqubo zezehlakalo zemvelo. Okubizwa ngokuthi "Izinkondlo Zesayensi" ezivela ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zakhe kwaba ukunqunyelwa kabusha kwamaqiniso athile esayensi.
Ngokuqondene neprosesi, imibhalo yeMemoir yombhali ayithakazelisa kakhulu. Kunelumeni lokuthi incwadi yakhe ethi "ukuqala kwendlela yokuphila" yancishwa impilo "yokuguqula nsuku zonke" futhi yathinta eminye imicimbi yempilo yombhali. Futhi uma ucubungula ukumpompela okulandelayo ekuboneni kwe-IdeOlogy of Power, iningi lezinto ezihlelwe yisikhathi ngemuva komhlaba "womhlaba futhi uzohlukana.
Impi Enkulu Yokuthanda Ukuthandaza
Enye yezinganekwane ezivame kakhulu eziphathelene nokubamba iqhaza kukaNikolay Alexandrovich empini yezwe yesibili. Kusolwa ngezinsuku zokuqala ngemuva kokuhlaselwa kobuFascist e-USSR, uMorozov wacela ukubhaliswa kwamasosha kanye nehhovisi elibhaliwe ngesicelo sokukuthumela ngaphambili. Kepha, unikezwe ukuguga "kokuqasha," kulindeleke ukuthola ukwenqaba.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ososayensi akenzanga isizathu sokushiya umgomo - kaningi futhi wafaka isitatimende samasosha nezingcingo. Ekugcineni, isifundo saya ebuqilini, sisho lokho kwasungulwa ukubona okusha kwe-telescopic futhi kufuna ukukuzama ezimweni zokulwa.
UMorozova uthumele ngaphambili njengevolontiya inyanga eyodwa (lolu lwazi aluzange luthole isiqinisekiso esisemthethweni), esanele ukubulala amaFascist ambalwa.
Ukushona
UMorozov uthweswe iziqu endleleni yakhe yasemhlabeni endaweni efanayo, lapho azalelwa khona. Okwamanje, imbangela yokufa kwe-academinian ayaziwa - Kodwa-ke, izinsuku zokugcina wayengenamandla okugibela embhedeni. Ushone ngobusuku obushisayo ehlobo ngoJulayi 30, 1946 - amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokushona kukaNikolai Alexandrovich wambuza ukuthi ayisuse efasiteleni ukuze athathe esinye isikhathi esibhakabhakeni. Futhi ibinzana lokugcina lobubi selibe "kuhle, izinkanyezi!".Azikho izithombe eziningi zalo muntu omkhulu. Kepha okuphilayo kwemisebenzi yakhe, namhlanje abathakazelayo bobabili emphakathini wezesayensi, nakulabo abathandi beProse nezinkondlo. Ukuhlonipha inguquko, i-asteroid ne-crater enyangeni kwaqanjwa igama. Futhi indawo yokungcwatshwa kwayo kuthiwa isikhumbuzo sokubaluleka kwesifunda.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1906 - "Ukuqala kwendlela yokuphila"
- Ngo-1907 - "Isambulo ekudumeni kwezulu neBora: Umlando wohlelo lokusebenza lwe-apocalypse"
- Ngo-1909 - "Ukufuna Itshe Lefilosofi"
- 1910 - "Izingoma Zenkanyezi"
- 1910 - "Emngceleni ongaziwa"
- 1914 - "Abaprofethi. Umlando wokuvela kweziprofetho ezisebhayibhelini, isethulo sabo semibhalo nezimpawu "
- Ngo-1918 - "Inganekwane Yempilo Yami"
- 1924-1932 - "UKristu. Umlando wesintu ekukhanyiseni kwesayensi yemvelo "
- 1928 - "Umlando Wokufunda Umkhathi"
Ukukhumbula
- Idolobhana elisebenzayo lesitshalo se-shlisselburg powder ngo-1922 sabizwa ngokuthi iMorozov.
- I-Asteroid "Morozovia", ivulwe ngo-1934.
- Isithwathwa se-crater ngemuva kwenyanga.
- Igama likaNikolai Morozova ligama ligama layo liliqanjwe ngemigwaqo eRamensky naseVladivostok.
- Uchungechunge oluthi "Santa Claus". Endimeni kaNikolai Morozov yakudala - u-Aristarrh Livanov.