I-Biograge
UFrancois Hollanda ungumongameli wokuqala waseFrance, owesibili kumholi wawo wezomlando ongazange ahlale eHhovisi likaMongameli Wezokuthunyelwe. Ngokwemiphumela yezinsuku zokuqala eziyi-100, uHolle wabhekwa njengenhloko yombuso engathandeki kakhulu, nosopolitiki akazange asishintshe lesi simo kanye neHhovisi likaMongameli sonke isikhathi. UFrancois wayedume ngokukhethekile ngempilo yesiphithiphithi, acace ukungathandi izinduna kanye nokusekelwa kwabamele abancane, ukwanda kwamalungelo alo kwakuyisihluthulelo somkhankaso wokhetho.Ubuntwana nentsha
UFrancois Holland wazalwa ngo-Agasti 12, 1954 eSukwa, eMnyangweni wePrimorskoye Seine. Lo mndeni wathathwa njengocebile: ubaba uGeorges Gustave Hollande wasebenza njengodokotela we-lor, noMama kaNore Frederick, uMargarita Tribert, umhlengikazi efektri yendawo. UFrancois uyindodana encane yabazali, wayenomfowenu omkhulu kaFiliphu iminyaka emi-2. Iminyaka yokuqala yokuphila kwesikole, umfana wafunda esikoleni samaKatolika, wakhombisa ibhola elinothando, asaya phambili eqenjini lezingane.
Ngo-1968, umndeni wawe-Falland wathuthela endaweni ehlonishwayo yeParis Nei-Sur-Sene, lapho uFrancois angena khona e-Elite Lyceum, lapho akhunjulwa khona njengonobuhlakani, okwaziyo ngokusobala imicabango yakhe yomfundi enomuzwa omuhle amahlaya. Ngisho nakusebusheni, inhloko ye-French Republic yaqala ukuphupha ngodumo emkhakheni wezepolitiki, imfundo yokuqala ephakeme yathola eSikhungweni Sokucwaninga Kwezepolitiki ekhasini lomthetho nezamabhizinisi, nangemva kokuthweswa iziqu esikoleni sebhizinisi.
Ngo-1976, uFrancois waya enkonzweni ebuthweni lempi, lapho le nsizwa yayingafuni ukuthatha ngenxa ye-myopia. Kepha uHolle wagcizelele ocingweni, njengoba bekukholelwa ukuthi inkonzo yamasosha izoba nzima umsebenzi wezepolitiki.
Young! UFrancois! Holnde! pic.twitter.com/0mewzn6yka.
- UMarie Le Conte (@Youngvulvian) NgoFebhuwari 3, 2017
Njengoba sengikhonze iminyaka emi-2, le nsizwa yaba ngumfundi wesikole esidumile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi - Isikole Sikazwelonke Sokuphatha, kusukela odongeni lwalo cishe osopolitiki abaphumelelayo cishe baphume bonke osopolitiki abaphumelelayo. Ngemuva kokuphela kwekamu labasebenzi, i-biography yaseFrancois Holland ihlobene kakhulu nezwe lezepolitiki.
Emuva kweminyaka yabafundi, usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo wajoyina iqembu lezenhlalo, lapho ahlangana khona noNdunankulu wesikhathi esizayo waseFrance Doninique de Vilpen kanye nomfazi wakhe wezakhamuzi uSegolen Royal.
Ipolitiki
Umsebenzi wezepolitiki kaFrancois Holland waqala ngo-1980, lapho, ekugcineni kuka-Ena, wathola umsebenzi njengoMcwaningimabhuku egumbini lama-Akhawunti. Lesi sikhundla siphikelele ngokuphelele izifiso zezepolitiki kanye nezinhlelo zeMongameli yezwe esizayo yezwe, ngakho-ke uHolland wayezama ukungenela eMhlanganweni Kazwelonke wamemezela izwe lonke.Lapho-ke usopolitiki ulahlekelwe okhethweni, kepha lo mkhankaso wavumela ukuthatha igxathu lokufinyelela ekufezeni inhloso futhi angene kwimibuthano yezepolitiki njengomeluleki kanye nomuntu omethembayo, khona-ke inhloko yeFrance Francois Mittera. Kanye nalokhu, uHolle wahola imisebenzi yezepolitiki emnyangweni we-currex, owayecishe abe yikhaya lesibili.
Ngo-1988, uFrancois Hollande waphinde wanquma ukuthola ikusasa nesibili ukungenela ePhalamende. Lo mzamo uphumelele kakhudlwana kowokuqala - Umholi wesikhathi esizayo waseFrance wakwazi ukufika eChamber Chamber of Phalamende, lapho waba ngunobhala wekomidi lezezimali kanye ne-rapporteur yesabelomali sokuvikela izwe.
Ngo-1993, i-Oldland yehlulekile ukugcina umsebenzi wezepolitiki futhi kwadingeka ishiye ukusungulwa kwezepolitiki ngokushintshela emisebenzini yezomthetho. Ngasikhathi sinye, uFrancois akazange ashiye amazinga weqembu lezenhlalo, okwathi ngo-1997 kwabuyisa ummeli enkundleni yezepolitiki, enze umholi wakhe. Lokhu okuthunyelwe uHollande kuhlale iminyaka eyi-10 ezayo.
Ngo-2008, uMongameli wesikhathi esizayo waseFrance wadlulisela ubuholi eMbusweni weSocialist Party Martin Obery, futhi yena ngokwakhe waba yinhloko yeCorver, lonke umphakathi wezepolitiki. Usopolitiki wazinikele ngokuphelele ukuthi asebenze futhi athuthukise indawo encane enjalo ezingeni elibalulekile. Ngo-2011, uHolle umemezele isifiso sokubamba iqhaza kuMjaho kaMongameli futhi okhethweni lwango-2012 uzuze umphikisi ophikisana naye uNacolas Sarkozy.
Ukuba nguMongameli waseFrance Francois, uHolland wakwazi ukubonga izimfanelo zomuntu siqu nomkhankaso wokhetho ocatshangelwe kahle, lapho usopolitiki wadala "umphikisi wabantu futhi, ngokungafani nomphikisi, wagxila ekunciphiseni izinqubomgomo zezimali futhi okwandayo ukukhokha komphakathi kubantu.
IHhovisi likaMongameli likaFrancois Holland alibizwa njengelivelele eFrance, kepha imithetho eminingana eyasungulwa yizinqubomgomo yamukelwa nguhulumeni futhi yadlala indima esemqoka ekufezekisweni kwamaFulentshi. Umgomo wangaphakathi kaMongameli wawuhloselwe ukufeza ukulingana komphakathi.
IHolland ithembise ukwethula intela yemali engenayo engu-75% yezigidi zaseFrance ezihola ngaphezulu kwe- € 1 billion ngonyaka. Abahlaziyi bakholelwa ukuthi lolu hlelo futhi lwenza uFrancois abe ngumholi wezwe elingathandeki kakhulu, ngoba umbono kaMongameli ungaholela ekuphumeni kwemali eFrance. INkantolo Yomthethosisekelo yenqabe uMthethosivivinywa waseHolland.
Impumelelo kaFrancois Holyland ngaphezulu kwamandla awekho, okuhlotshaniswa nokungabi naziswa kwayo ekuphathweni kwezokuphatha. Ngasikhathi sinye, iHolland ikwazile ukuzuza ukwanda kwamalungelo abameleli abancane bezocansi emazweni abo okubeletha, yize iqiniso lokuthi lo mthetho wabangela imibhikisho enkulu eFrance kanye neSonto LamaKatolika. NgoMeyi 28, 2013, ukuzovutha okusemthethweni kwemishado yobungqingili kwenzeka ezweni.
Inqubomgomo yezangaphandle ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaHolland ayimangalisa kangako. Ngo-2013, iFrance yaqala ukungenelela eMali, kwathi kamuva eya eCentral African Republic. Ukuhlinzwa kwakunqoba, ukuphathwa kukahulumeni waseMali kwabuyiselwa phezu kwesifunda. Kulokhu, ukungenelela kukaFrancois Hollande sekuthole isiphambano esikhulu se-National Order of Mali.
OLLND - umsekeli wezinhlangano ngokumelene neRussia, emisebenzini yawo kwindaba yaseRussia - yase-Ukrasiya, uMongameli waseFrance wawunombono weJalimane. Emihlanganweni esemthethweni eMoscow naseKiev, u-Angela Merkel noFrancois Hollande bavele ndawonye njengabameleli bendawo yaseYurophu. Abaholi baleso zibili bathi baxhaswa iziphakamiso zokugcina ubuqotho bendawo ye-Ukraine.
Ekupheleni kuka-2016, izingxoxo ezilandelayo zamazwe amane - iRussia, e-Ukraine, eFrance naseJalimane - yaphenduka ihlazo. Ukuqedelwa izingxoxo ngezinkinga eDonbas, uMerkel, uHolle noPutin baqhubeka nokukhuluma ngeSyria, babuza umholi wase-Ust Peter Porvuenko ukuba athathe umhlalaphansi. Uhulumeni wase-Ukraine wazibonakalisa ngenxa yakhe.
NgoDisemba 1, 2016, iHolland yaphawula ekugcineni kweHhovisi likaMongameli kanye nezinhlelo ezepolitiki eziqhubekayo. Uveze ukuthi wayengeke aqhubeke nethemu lesibili, futhi waba nguMongameli wokuqala weRiphabhulikhi yesihlanu, engafuni ukwembula ubulili bakhe. Isisusa soMthetho onjalo bekuyisilinganiso senqubomgomo yokuthandwa, okwathi ngoNovemba 2016 wawela ku-4%. UFrancois Holla ungumongameli ongathandeki kakhulu waseFrance isikhathi seRiphabhulikhi yesihlanu.
Ngokhetho lukamongameli luka-2017, uFrancois wasekela i-Emmanuel MacGron, owanqoba futhi waba nguMongameli omusha okhethiwe waseFrance. UHollande wanikeza amandla eMacron ngoMeyi 14, 2017.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaFrancois Holland igcwele imicimbi enesivunguvungu ebonisa umholi waseFrance njengendoda enothando, ewela izintelezi zabesifazane. UFrancois akakaze athathe emshadweni osemthethweni, noma kunjalo ubelokhu ebudlelwano futhi kuze kube namuhla athuke umphakathi oxhumanisa uthando.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoUmfazi wokuqala waseHolland kwakuyinqubomgomo ye-Samo-Socialist ye-Segolen Royal, ayehlala kuyo cishe iminyaka engama-30. Izingane ezine, uTom, uClemens, uJulien noFlora, bazalelwa e-Oldland nasebukhosini.
Ubudlelwano bukaMongameli waseFrance kanye nabangane bakhe bokuphila baphule ngenxa yentshiseko yentatheli engcwele engcwele uValerie Triverweiler, lapho usopolitiki ngemuva kosopolitiki onoSeagen.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoKepha inoveli evela eValerie, eyayineminyaka engu-10 ubudala, yaphela ngokokugcina okuphezulu - ngo-2014, uHolle waphinde wawela endabeni yothando, lapho ubudlelwano be-juli juli guy . Kodwa-ke, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uFrancois wayeka ukuhlangana naye.
Kamuva, uValerie wabhala incwadi ebizwa ngokuthi "Ngiyabonga Ngalesi sikhathi", lapho atshela khona ngaleso sikhathi esichithwa eduze kukaFrancois, lapho esho ngokuvuswa kwakhe komyeni wakhe, futhi ukuzama ukuzibulala.
Shumeka kusuka ezithombeni ezifuywayoNgokowesifazane okonile, izinguquko, ezifundiswa nguHollands zingenele iHhovisi likaMongameli - kungabi ngaphezu kobuzenzisi:
"Wabumba isithombe somuntu ongabathandi abacebile. Eqinisweni, uMongameli akabathandi abampofu. Ezingxoxweni zangasese, wabiza abampofu abampofu futhi ngasikhathi sinye wayeziqhenya kakhulu ngomqondo wakhe wokuhlekisa. "Izithombe zangempela namavidiyo lapho owayengumongameli waseFrance owaba khona, ekhishwa kumakhasi asemthethweni ku- "Instagram", "Facebook" kanye ne- "Twitter". UFrancois uphansi kumuntu okhule ngo-170 cm ukukhula, futhi abathwebuli bezithombe babenesikhathi esifanayo ukukhombisa izimangaliso zobuhlakani, bakhumule uMongameli enkampanini yabantu abade.
UFrancois Hollander manje
UFrancois Holland akahleleli ukulwela umyalo wezepolitiki maduze, uMongameli wangaphambili washo engxoxweni yokuthi angathanda ukubhala i-autobiography futhi acacisa izehlakalo, izenzo nemishwana ababevote abavoti ngokungalungile. Ngo-Ephreli 2018, izikhumbuzo zekhasi le-400 leyesiFulentshi likaMongameli "izifundo zamandla". Umsebenzi, ngokuhlola kwabezindaba, kwavela ngokungananazi, kubukhali, kuqukethe inani elingaziwa emphakathini wamaqiniso athakazelisayo.Ukunakwa kochwepheshe abavela kwipolitiki kwaheha imininingwane yezinkulumo ezine ze-Norman eMinsk ngonyaka ka-2015. Izakhamizi ezizimele zifunde nge-Barack Obama njengendoda esusiwe futhi ebandayo, futhi engawathandi ama-dessert. UVladimir Putin Hollande ubiza i- "Hadonist Heldonist", ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuhlala esimweni esihle nokwazi ukuthi ungasilahla kanjani isimo, noma ngabe yikuphi okukhulu.
Manje uFrancois Holland usakhona e-International Aptron Arena. Lapho uMongameli uDonald Trump emukele isinqumo esikhulu saseBrithani sokushiya i-European Union, wanxusa ukuthi angashiyi umholi ozamile waseMelika acasule ukwahlukaniswa, ngoba iYurophu ayidingi izeluleko zabanye abantu.
Imikhawulo ngokumelene neRussia ekuqaleni yabangelwa ngeshwa eNathelland, ngoba "lokhu akuphathi lutho oluhle emazweni aseYurophu." Kodwa-ke, njengoba wazi, ukuqhekeka kwesivumelwano sokuhlinzekwa kwe-helikopta kuqapha "Mistral" kuyinkinga yakhe nje. Ngemuva kwalokho iFrance inxepheni hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kwemikhumbi, kodwa futhi nezindleko ze-Training Crews. Ngokwezilinganiso zama-French Press, ohlala ngakunye kwezwe babiza ngo- € 20, futhi abangazange bangeze kuMongameli wokuthandwa.
Ngo-2019, i-ex-head yeFrance yavakashela ukuzimela kweKurdish e-Iraq, yahlangana nomholi we-Democratic Party of Kurdistan Masud Barzani. Osopolitiki baxoxa ngemiphumela yomzabalazo wenhlangano yamaphekula eyenqatshelwe. Ngokubambisana noNicolas, uSarkozy Hollande wabamba iqhaza emhlanganweni wokulwa nokushushiswa kwamaJuda. Igagasi le-anti-Semitism lavela ngemuva kwenhlangano yokubhikisha, ebizwa nge- "Yellow vests".
Isizathu sokuthi injabulo yanda kwentela kaphethiloli, ngokuzayo izidingo zokubonakaliswa zisakazekele kwezinye izinto zomphakathi. UFrancois Hollande uxhasa ababhikishi, kepha ngasikhathi sinye akasusi icala ngokwenzekayo, uma kucatshangelwa ukuthi uma izingxabano zeHhovisi likaMongameli ziphenduliwe, izingxabano zingagwenywa.
Lowo owayengumongameli uyaqiniseka ukuthi ukukhanyiselwa kwesizukulwane esincanyana kufakiwe ohlwini lwezikweletu. Kodwa-ke, uFrancois akahlosile ukusakazwa, kepha ufuna kuphela ukucacisa isimo futhi wabelane nabantu abasha. Uhlela ukuvakashela izikole zaseFrance futhi atshele abafundi ngezinsongo, okuthi, ngombono wakhe, qhubeka nobabili eRussia naseMelika.
I-Bibliography
- "Hambisa kwesokunxele"
- "Ukukhetha kwehora. Okomnotho wezepolitiki "(ngokubambisana noPierre Moskovich)
- "Umbono Wobuso Socialist Namuhla"
- "Kungani kungenjalo ubusoshiyali?"
- "Ukulala French"
- "Ukuphela kweFrance"
- "Ukushintshwa Kwekusasa"
- "Izifundo Zamandla"