I-Biograge
ULeonid Bykov - umculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR, umculi wabantu we-Ukraine SSR, ukusuka lapho avela khona. E-biography yakhe yokudala, azikho izindima ezintathu ezenzayo ezisebenzayo. Futhi, umsebenzi okhalweni imidwebo, amafilimu ayi-7 athi izinkunzi azikhonze, kwabhalwa omunye 4, okwabhalwa yimibhalo emibhalo. Kepha cishe wonke ummeli wefilimu, lapho igama likaLeonid Fedorovovich lalinguLeonid Fedorovich lalinguLeonid Fedorovich, lalithola ukuthandwa yinyunyana futhi baba ama-Soviet Classics.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlingisi we-Soviet odumile, umqondisi kanye nomphathi wesikrini uLeonid Bykov wazalelwa edolobhaneni laseZamenka, endaweni yaseDonetsk. Abazali FODOR IVANOVICH noZinaida Pankratovna bayizisebenzi zefa. Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyishumi, umndeni wathuthela edolobhaneni lase-roller emaphethelweni amaKramatorsk, lapho uLeonid akhula khona.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esimweni sesigodlo sendawo sesiko saseBykov saqala ukuya ecaleni, iphupho eliyinhloko lomlingisi wesikhathi esizayo kwakungumshayeli wesikhathi esizayo. Ngo-1943, ukupenda iminyaka embalwa eyengeziwe kwiphepha lemibuzo, izinkunzi zizama ukungena esikoleni zabashayeli bezempi, kepha inkohliso yembuliwe, futhi le nsizwa ayizange yamukele.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ephindaphindwe ephindaphindwe kaLeonid, wabhaliswa esikoleni esikhethekile esiyizindiza, kodwa ngaphambi kokuqala kokufunda wayeka ukuba yi-cadet, kusukela ekugcineni kwempi, isikhungo semfundo sasihlakazwa. Lapho-ke izinkunzi zibuyele eshashalazini yezingane zaseshashalazini futhi zafaka amadokhumenti eKiev State Institute of the Teatrical Art, kodwa futhi kwakumlindile, mhlawumbe ngenxa yokukhula okuncane (163 cm).
ULeonida wakwazi ukuba ngumfundi woMnyango Wezokubamba, uLeonida waphatha kuphela enkathini yeKhalov Theatre, ekugcineni waya endaweni yesehlakalo yaseshashalazini yaseKarkov Academic yase-Ukraine egama linguShevchenko. UDebut futhi waqhakaza ngokushesha kwakuyindima yezitayela esitaleni "sasemgwaqweni amahlaya amathathu solovyov, 17".
Ngo-1960, uLeonid Fedorovahich wathuthela eLeningrad esimemweni se-studio "Lenfilm", lapho inkanyezi yakhe efana nomlingisi wefilimu ikhuphuka. Ngonyaka owedlule wama-60s, uyavuma ukuguqula isimo futhi ahambe aye enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine. Lapho, iba ngumlingisi oholayo nomqondisi we-studio yedolobha eliqanjwe ngoDovzhenko, futhi abhale nezimo zeveni ye-Satirical of "Fitil".
Ngezinkunzi, ngokwemimemo yendodakazi yakhe, kamuva ukuguqulwa kwe-Studio yefilimu kubhekwe iphutha elikhulu, ngoba ngokuziphatha azange zizizwe ezakhe eqenjini ngenxa yokuthola umbono wakhe oqondile futhi ovulekile.
EKiev Studio, uLeonid akazange anikezwe ihhovisi lomsebenzi. Umqondisi odumile wahlala ephaseji, esihlalweni esingaphansi kwesihlahla sesundu, lapho ababhemayo banamathela khona izinkunzi. Kwahlekwa ukuthi lapho lesi sitshalo sizama ukuhlela kabusha kwenye indawo, sicishe saba sibi kakhulu ngaphandle kokudla kwe-nicotine. Igumbi elincane, elithi futhi awukwazi ukubiza iKhabhinethi, izinkunzi zithole ukuqedwa kwefilimu "kuphela" abantu abadala "baya empini.
Amafilimu
Cishe konke amafilimu akwaLeonid Bykov angena esikhwameni seGolide seSoviet Cinema. Ukudonswa kwakhe kwenzeka eMebedrame ekhiqizwayo "Ikusasa likaMarina", wabe eselandela i-Sparkling filmading firmary "Tigrov" neMaxim Perepelitsa.
Shintsha izindima zamahlaya zasiza izindima ku- "may izinkanyezi", "igama lomfokazi", ekuhlolweni kwamaRoma uYuri Hermann " Ngo-1958, u-Alexey Batalov umema i-Bykov eWinAl emsebenzini kaNikolai Gogol. Mayelana nesilinganiso esinjalo asizange siphuphe ngalesi silinganiso, kepha akukaze kudlalwe. Indima enkulu yakhazinyuliswa nguRolan Bykov, futhi uLeonid akazange ayeke ukuya enkundleni yemidlalo yeshashalazi.
Ifilimu lezempi "amavolontiya" lalithandwa kakhulu, okuyi-EPIC emavesini mayelana nokuphila kwamalungu eKomsomol, kubandakanya neqhawe laseBykov - Alyosha Akishin. Ubuye waletha umdwebo we- "aleshkin wothando" wokupenda, lapho ekhombisa khona ithalente lomdlali wezothando, edala isithombe sesazi sesayensi yezwe ehlakaniphile, enobuhlakani nomphefumlo wothando uRomeo.
Ngo-1964, izinkunzi zizizama futhi zimqondisi. Ukuhlangenwe nakho kokuqala kulo mkhakha kungumugqa omfushane "njengentambo kuya ...", wadalwa eTandem noHerbert Rappoport. Itheyiphu ayizange ibone noma abahloli noma abagxeki, kepha lokhu akuzange kumvimbele umlobi. Emahlaya "bunny" wakwazi ukuhlanganisa lula uhlobo lokuzijabulisa ngezinkinga zefilosofi zokuziphatha nokuziphatha okuhle, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha ifilimu enamandla kakhulu.
Impumelelo enkulu kunazo zonke kaLeonid Bykov okulindelwe kuma-70s. Ekuqaleni, idrama yezempi "Amadoda amadala" aduma kulo lonke iSoviet Union ", adubule esimweni sakhe, futhi kamuva - elinye iphunga lamasosha" amasosha ahamba ... ". Kuma-varnars amaningi anamuhla, izinkunzi zihlotshaniswa nezindima zomkhuzi weqembu laseTitarenko ku-maestnament maestro ne-efreitor viktor svyatkin ngesibonakaliso sezingcingo.
Le midwebo emibili edumile nguBykov yeza kulezi zikrini nomehluko eminyakeni emithathu futhi yaba amafilimu okugcina aphuma ngesikhathi sokuphila komculi. "I-Starikov" umbhali owethulwe emcimbini wefilimu eBaku. Ijaji linikeze umklomelo wokuqala wefilimu, kanye ne- "Kalina Red" Vasily Shukshin. ULeonid wenqaba uqobo lo mklomelo esikhundleni somuntu osebenza naye, ngaleso sikhathi eyayangazi. Kusukela lapho, abaqondisi seba ngabangane abangaphuli amanzi.
Elinye iqiniso eliphawuleka lixhumene naleli ntambo. Kuleyo minyaka, umsebenzi wabahleli eStudios ngezizathu ezingaqondakali walinganiselwa kakhulu kunomnikelo wabathengisi ababambe iqhaza, abaqhubi kanye nabanye abadali. Ama-Bulls akhethe ama-Awards adlula iholo lanyanga zonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abanye abaqondisi bamisa abahleli be-Bypassing ephathini.
ULeonid ngokwakhe waqhuba ukukhethwa kwabalingisi, futhi wakwenza kahle, ukuze angahlabe abantu. Uphikelele ekuhlanganyeleni esithombeni sika-Alexei Smirnov, ngoba wayethanda umlingani wakhe omkhulu ongqondweni wakhe. Umlingisi owayefaka inkanyezi endizeni kaMikhalych, wasuka ngoMeyi 1979, ngaphandle kokusinda izindaba zokufa kukaBykov.
Njengabanye abalingisi, uLeonid Fedorovich wenza izingoma ezizimele ngamafilimu. Ngenxa yezici ze-stylistic zesikhathi saseSoviet sengoma namaqembu ezwi ayekhona cishe kuwo wonke amafilimu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, idrama yezempi "Kunamadoda amadala" awedwa empini, eyaba isithombe esithandwa kakhulu saseBykov, sadubula njengefilimu yomculo, ngakho-ke kwakungekho ukushoda kwezingoma kwifilimu yakhe eyinhloko. Ifomethi yomculo yesithombe ihlanganiswe kahle neskripthi: Izinkunzi zidlale indima kakaputeni weqembu, eyabizelwa ukucula.
Ngo-1978, uLeonid Fedorovach waqala ukuhoxisa ifilimu elisha elimnandi "umfokazi" ekuholeni kukaJevgeny Shatko "Nedellian-73", obekufanele adlale ukukhanya komfokazi. Usuvele ube yingxenye yezinto ezibonakalayo futhi waphinde wabonakalisa izigebengu zefilimu, kepha ngenxa yemicimbi ebuhlungu yokudubula, uMqondisi uBoris IVChenko waphela, owashintsha wonke waphonsa. Le filimu yakhishwa yabizwa ngokuthi "Star Indaba" futhi ayizange ibe nempumelelo enkulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
"Empilweni yomuntu siqu kuvaliwe njengohlangothi lwenyanga."Ngakho-ke ozakwabo baka-Actor baphendule, lapho ingxenye yensikazi yesitudiyo sefilimu ebizwa ngokuthi uDovzhenko ephupha khona. Ukuphela kothando lomkaLeonid Bykov unkosikazi kaTamara Konstantinovna, eMajor Kravchenko. Njengoba izingane zabo zikhumbula, lo mbhangqwana ususigcinile isimo sengqondo sokuhloniphana ngomunye futhi nesibonelo saso satshengisa ukuthi uthando olunjalo lukhona.Ingane yokuqala yabalingani, ntombazane, yafa ebuntwaneni. Lapho-ke indodana kaLes kaLes (ipasipoti ka-Alexander) nendodakazi yaseMaryan. Indodana ilethe izinkinga eziningi. Inkonzo ebuthweni lezempi yaphela ngokuthola isifo sokuxilongwa kwe-schizophrenia, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi lo mfo waxhumana nenkampani embi, ebambe iqhaza ekuphangeni kwesitolo. ULeonid wamsindisa ejele, yena ngokwakhe wathola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo kwesibili.
Ngemuva kokufa kukaYise, lelo lakwazanga ukumelana nokusebenza kwegama elidumile futhi lithuthele eCanada, lapho ahlala khona nonkosikazi wakhe namadodana amane. Futhi uhlala kwisimiso se-Visissal Bull:
"Ungabuzi lutho, ungalethi ama-akhawunti, hhayi ukuthonya. Thanda abantu futhi usebenzise impilo - into ebaluleke kakhulu isemvelweni. Futhi yize i-SpeedEDEOMETER ihlala ibalwa ibanga lokufa, phela, impilo iyisimangaliso! Ngobuhlungu nenjabulo, ngosizi nenjabulo. Futhi umuntu umane ophoqelekile ukuze aphile ngokufanele ... ".Ngokusho kukaMaryana, amandla aphule isiphetho somfana osemusha futhi onempilo okungenani ngandlela thile afinyelela kumlingisi odumile noMqondisi owayengesabi iqembu leqembu futhi asho iqiniso esweni.
UMaryan nonina iminyaka engu-8 kwadingeka basuke ezindaweni ngezindawo. Ngenxa yalokho, abesifazane bahlala eKiev. Indodakazi kaBykova yathola umhleli eStudio Donzhenko. UTamara Konstantinovna washona ngo-2010.
Ukushona
Ngo-Ephreli 11, 1979, uLeonid Bykov wabuya esuka ekhetini ngemoto, muva nje ethengwa yi-volga emhlophe, naseMinsk - eMound Highway, eduze kwenhlekelele yemoto. Umlingisi wayefuna ukufumana ugandaganda owayesebenza phambi kwakhe futhi, esehambile emzileni onqobayo, wandizela elolini. Ukulimala okutholwe ekushayiseni futhi kwabangela ukufa. Ngesikhathi sokufa komculi odumile kwakuneminyaka engama-50.
Eqinisweni, ingozi leyo bekungukuphenya ngokugcwele. Umshayeli weloli osemncane uGaz-53, umlingisi ahlangana naye, waze walungiselela ukuya ejele, kodwa uphenyo lwathola ukuthi umsulwa. Ukushayisana kwenzeka ngenxa yephutha lomlingisi. Imibono ibibuyele nokuthi izinkunzi zaholela emotweni edakiwe noma ukuthi umlingisi aqale izinkinga ngenhliziyo. Kepha izivivinyo zokuphenya kanye nokuhlola kukhombisa ukuthi uLeonid wayenobuhlakani futhi enempilo futhi kuze kube yilapho izikhathi zokugcina zicindezelwa ebhuleni.
Ukwahlulela ngesithombe esibi kusuka endaweni yesehlakalo, kwakungekho thuba. Yize umseshi kanye nama-autoexperts athi uLeonid Fedorovovich akanaso isikhathi esanele sokusabela, uhlobo "lwe-driver syndrome olungenalwazi".
ULeonid Bykov ushiye iTestamente elibhekiswe kubangani, okulandelayo:
"Vumela umuntu wedwa athi igama elithi" goodbye ", futhi yilokho. Akunasidingo se-circus esibizwa ngokuthi ama-honors. Emva kwalokho, "Drorsnet" Ngubani ongakwenza. Bese kuthi-ke i-2nd squadron i-lastrates "i-reakzhanka" kusukela ekuqaleni kuze kube sekupheleni ... ".Umngcwabo wabanjwa kulesi simo, esishiya umlingisi. ULeonid Bykov ubuze futhi izihlobo ukuthi angazibeki ibhokisi enyunyana e-cinematographirs hhayi ukuhlela ukuthandwa ngobuningi, kodwa ukubiza abangane kuphela nabathandekayo. Ngakho-ke, umbuthano omncane wabangane nozakwabo abamenyelwe emcimbini wokulila, futhi abadlali abadlale uLeonid Bykov empendweni "empini" amadoda amadala "azenza izinyembezi ezazithandale ngazo ingoma ayithandayo.
I-Leonid Bykov's Linast's itholakala emathuneni amabhayisekili, eKiev (inombolo yenombolo 33, emngceleni onenombolo yesakhiwo 49).
Ngokukhumbula umnikelo omkhulu we-Bykov kwezobuciko namasiko edolobhaneni lomdlali, amaKramatorsk afakwe i-Bronze Bust. EKiev, lesikhumbuzo esiya eLeonid Bykov safakwa emfanekisweni weMaestro 'emadodeni athile' athile 'aya empini, ahlala ephikweni lwendiza yakhe. Enhloko-dolobha yase-Ukraine, igama lomlingisi libizwa ngokuthi yiBoulevard, nefilimu le-biographical "... Othandekayo konke okuthandwa yi-Studio yefilimu.
Izics
- 1954 - "Tigrov Tigrite"
- 1955 - "Maxim Perepelitsa"
- 1958 - "Amavolontiya"
- 1958 - "Ukuxabana eLukashah"
- 1958 - "Indoda Yami Ethandekayo"
- 1960 - "Uthando lwe-" Aleshkin "
- Ngo-1964 - "Bunny"
- 1968 - "Scouts"
- Ngo-1973 - "Amadoda amadala" athile "aya empini
- Ngo-1977 - "Ati-Bata, amasosha ahamba"