I-Biograge
Bulat Shalvovich Okidzhava, okutholwe yi-biobsion yakhe, bekungumculi odumile waseSoviet, umqambi, imbongi. Umculi onekhono ngokwakhe wabhala izingoma emavesini akhe, engomunye wabamele abadumile kakhulu ohlontsweni lwengoma yomlobi. Ubuqambi bakhe bahlala inkathi yonke. Imbongi kanye nomqambi kudala bephila isikhathi eside, futhi izinkondlo nezingoma zeBlat Okidzhava zisazwakala ezinkampanini nasezikrinini ze-TV.
IBulat Okidzhava yaphila impilo eyinkimbinkimbi, kodwa ethokozisayo. Wazalwa ngoMeyi 9, 1924 eMoscow emndenini kaGeorgia Shalva Stepanovich Okhhava no-Armeniak ashchen stanovovna nalbandian. Abazali bakhe babengamaKhomanisi ngokuqiniseka: Ubaba - isibalo seqembu elivelele, umama naye athole indawo ephathini yeqembu.
Lapho iBulat yaphenduka iminyaka emibili, lo mndeni wathuthela eTbilisi, wabe eseya eNizhny tagil. Babehlala belandela uBaba, owasebenza ngokushesha umsebenzi weqembu. UShalva Stepanovich wahlala ezindabeni ezibalulekile ngenkathi ukuxabana neBeria kanye nokulahlwa kwamanga kwaphenduka impilo yakhe. Kuboshwe i-Okidzhava-Senience, wathumela ekamu wadubula lapho. Ngonyaka weBlat noMama nogogo bahlala eMoscow, emhlanganweni omkhulu ku-Arbat. Ngo-1938, umama weBlat udingiselwe ekamu eKaraganda njengomfazi we-Trom to Motherland, futhi ukubuya kwe-Ashkhan kusuka ku-1947 kuphela.
Ngemuva kokuboshwa kukamama wakhe, uBulat wayehlala emndenini wezihlobo eTbilisi. Umfana wafunda esikoleni, wabe esengena kuTokelarem esitshalweni. Ngo-1942, le nsizwa yasayinwa yivolontiya ngaphambili, yabamba iqhaza ezimpini eziningi ezinesihluku. Ngo-1943 walinyazwa ngaphansi kukaMozdok. Ngalesi sikhathi, okudliwava wabhala iculo lakhe lokuqala elithi "Azange silale emabangeni afudumele afudumele."
Lapho impi iphela, iBulit Shalvovich yangena eTbilisi State University iye eChristian Puhlty. Waphothula eyunivesithi ngo-1950 futhi waqala ukusebenza njengomfundisi esikoleni sasemakhaya. Ngokusatshalaliswa iminyaka emibili nesigamu, i-bard yesikhathi esizayo yafika edolobhaneni laseKaluga Region Region Shamordini. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-OKudzhava ihlala ibhala izinkondlo, eziningi zazo-ke zaba izingoma.
Izincwadi nomculo
Ukuqala kwezinsuku zakhe zemisebenzi yokubhala zibuyele ku-1954. IBurat Okidzhava yayisemhlanganweni walabo ababhali uN. Panchenko noV. Koblikova nabafundi, nangemva kokuphela komcimbi wathola isibindi futhi wabanikeza izinkondlo zabo. Izinkondlo zithande - kungekudala iphephandaba laseKaluga "omncane uLeninet" waqala ukuphrinta.
Ngo-1956, eKaluga, iqoqo lezinkondlo "Izingoma" zaphuma. Izinkondlo Bulat Okidzhava zithande. Ngo-1961, amakhasi e-Almanac "ama-tarusks" anyathelisa indaba yomlobi "Yiba nempilo, iScholyar". Ngo-1987, umsebenzi we-autobiographical wanyatheliswa ukusakazwa okuhlukile. Eminyakeni engamashumi amane nje kuphela, kwashicilelwa amaqoqo ayizinkondlo cishe angama-15, phakathi kwazo "iziqhingi", "isigubhu" "esiphanayo", "Mashi," i-Arbat, i-Arbat yami ".
Ngo-1969-1983, okudliwava kwashicilelwa indaba ye- "Sip yenkululeko", "Usuku noBonaparte", "ukuhamba kwama-amateurs" nabanye. Inoveli yakhe "Photographer Zhora", enyatheliswa entshonalanga, umbhali wayehlala ebhekwa njengebuthakathaka, ngakho akazange ashicilele eRussia.
Akazange ashiye iBlat Okidzhava futhi asebenzele izingane kanye nentsha, edume kakhulu yaphenduka eyaba inganekwane "ethandekayo". Indaba Yezingane Umlobi wadalwa, echaza ngezinsuku zakhe zesonto e-Yalta ngolimi oluhle kakhulu ezincwadini eziya endodaneni encane. Kukhona kumabhayibheli weBlat Chalvovich kanye nokudlala okukodwa, akubhala ngo-1966, "isiphulelo senkululeko."
IBurat Okidzhava yahlanganyela ekuhumusheni okuvela kwi-Arabhu, izilimi zaseSweden, izilimi zaseFinland, ezihunyushwe ngokuyisisekelo izinkondlo. Kuze kube ngu-1961, umbhali wasebenza njengomhleli wendlu yokushicilela "yogada omncane" futhi waba nguMnyango Wezinkondlo e- "iphephandaba elingokoqobo". Ngemuva kwalokho wayeka futhi engasasebenzi ngokuqasha - wahlanganyela ebukuleni.
Umbhali we-Poet Songwriter Bulat Okidzhava waba ngo-1958. Ngaleso sikhathi, umlobi wayesebuyile eMoscow - abazali bakhe bavuselelwa kabusha.
Amakhonsathi e-Skudzhava yenzeka ne-manshlag: Iphosta enhloko-dolobha yayingenjalo, kepha i- "Sarafannaya Radio" yasebenza. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s, i-OKudzhava Bulat ibingomunye wamasosha athandwa kakhulu amaSoviet. Izingoma zakhe "ku-Tver Boulevard", "Mashi othaka" nabanye bakhumbula futhi bethandwa ngabalaleli. Wanikeza umculi wezwe nezwe lakubo lomlando - iGeorgia, kwakha "ukwakheka kwamagilebhisi".
Ikhonsathi yokuqala esemthethweni ye-Okidzhava yenzeka eKharkov ngo-1961. Emva kwalokho, imbongi nomculi baqala ukuhambela amadolobha e-USSR. Umlingisi waba ngummeleli okhanyayo wengoma yombhali waseRussia - kwakuyindlela yakhe eyinhloko yokudala.
I-Desitity Bulat Chalvovich ithonye ukuthuthukiswa kokugeleza kwe-bard, okubuye kufaka phakathi iVladimir Vysotsky, u-Alexander Galich, i-Yuri Vizbor. Izingoma ezimbili ze-Okidzhava - "Sithatha izandla, abangane ..." "kanye" nomkhuleko uFrancois Viyon "(" kuze kube manje, umhlaba usaqhubeka nokuxubha ... ") - Thola isimo sezinhlansi zezingoma zomlobi. Imikhosi ebizwa ngeBlat Okidzhava eMoscow, i-Pempir, eBaikal, kwa-Israyeli, isebenza futhi ikhombise ababhali bakwaShozov ... ".
Ngo-1962, wabhala ingoma yokuqala ye-movie - bekungukwakheka kwe- "chain reaction". Ngeshwa, ifilimu ayizange isebenzise impumelelo. Kepha ingoma elandelayo ye-cinema masinyane yaqala ukuphumelela: "Sidinga ukunqoba," kwenziwa kwifilimu "eBelorussky Station", ezwakala emsakazweni kanye namarekhodi etheyiphu.
IBurat Okidzhava yabhala izingoma zemidwebo ethi "Straw Hat", "inkanyezi yenjabulo eyakhayo", "ukhiye ngaphandle kwelungelo lokudlulisa", "I-Pokrovsky Gate". Ingoma ethi "Udumo lwakho, uNkk. Wenhlanhla" kwifilimu yeCult "Ilanga elimhlophe lehlane" liphinde labhala i-Okidzhava futhi. Sekukonke, ingoma kaBard yazwakala cishe amafilimu angama-80 aseSoviet.
Ngo-1967, i-Okidzhava yayiseFrance, lapho yaqopha khona izingoma zakhe ezingama-20 - yaba yisisekelo serekhodi, elaphuma eParis ngonyaka. Ngo-1974, okudliwava kwaqopha ipulasitiki yokuqala edlala isikhathi eside e-USSR, kodwa waphuma eminyakeni emibili. Ngo-1978, kwabhalwa enye idiski, futhi maphakathi nawo-1980 kwakukhona amapuleti amabili ezingoma ngempi, eyangena ezikwani ezivele zomculo ezidumile "abathandekayo", "iculo mayelana nezinsana" futhi abanye.
Izingoma zeBlat Okidzhava namanje azikhohliwe, zenziwa ngabaculi abaningi be-pop - vakhtang kikabidze, Jeanne Bichevskaya, uMarina Devyatova, Oleg Pebenshchikov.
IBurat Okidzhava yanikeza ikhonsathi yakhe yokugcina ngoJuni 23, 1995 endlunkulu ye-UNESCO eParis.
Ekhuluma nge-biography yeBlat Okidzhava, kufanele futhi kuphawulwe ukubamba iqhaza kwayo e-cinema. Indima yalo mculi yayiwukuphela kwe-EPIsodic kuphela, yavela endimeni kaKameo, futhi kwesinye isikhathi ibingakhonjiswanga nhlobo kumakhredithi. Lawa ngamafilimu athi "ukusabela kwe-chain", "ukhiye ngaphandle kwelungelo lokudluliselwa", "uZilyich", "ngigcine, i-talisman yami." Iqhaza elikhudlwana liye ku-Okidzhava kwifilimu yesishiyagalombili ye-Grader "strvy", lapho kwakuBurat kudlale khona isikhulu.
Ngizame mina uqobo i-Okidzhava nanjengenkambo yefilimu. Ngokuzibandakanya kwakhe, isimo sakhiwe ngefilimu "ukwethembeka", umqondisi kanye nombhali wesibili wokuba nguPeter Todorovsky. Le filimu yaxosha le ndaba yesosha elincane, i-vladimir chetvereikov), eyahlangabezana nothando lwayo - intombazane uZoya (Galina Pilish), lapho esengumfundi wesikole sezinsana. Kepha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa emva komhlangano, le nsizwa ithunyelwe ngaphambili, lapho ifa khona.
Le filimu yathola umklomelo omkhulu we-II yomkhosi we-All-Union Film Festival, kanye nomklomelo woMulungu waseVenetian ekuphakanyisweni "kokuhamba phambili". Maphakathi no-60s, okudliwava kwabuye kwabamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezimo zesithombe esithi "Zhenya, Zhenya kanye neKatyusha" kanye nefilimu engasethiwe nge-Alexander Pushkin "ne-Aleed Pushkin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, i-OKudzhava yahlukaniswa ngothando olukhulu. Ngisho nasesikoleni, bulat wakhombisa imizwa yothando kwalabo afunda nabo. Ngaso sonke isikhathi, ngenxa yokusuka olandelayo ukusuka edolobheni uye edolobheni, ubudlelwane obukhulu bawela.
Lapho, ngemuva kwempi, iBlat Oludzhava yabuyela eMoscow okwesikhashana, yahlangana nentombi kaValentina, othi, njengaye, ayehlala e-Arbat. Intokazi yenhliziyo yafunda estudiyo. K. S. S. STANANISSLAVSKY futhi akazange akhombise izintshisekelo eziya kumuntu onombala omnyama ophansi. Kamuva, le ntombazane yayingadumile kulo lonke umuntu weSoviet Union - uValentina Leonttyv wabizwa ngokuthi inganekwane ye-soviet televito.
UKedzhava wakwazi ukupholisa. Ukulangazelela okunengqondo ende kwathintwa insizwa yancishwa ngenxa yokucindezelwa ngabazali, bese kubandakanyeka empini.
Umlingani wakhe wokuqala - uGalina Smolyaninova, wafunda nokwenza izimonyo eyunivesithi eyodwa. Abafundi bashada ngonyaka wesibili. Kulomshado, abashadikazi bazalwe bantwana ababili. Kepha indodakazi yafa esemncane, nendodana ka-Igori, eyayindala, yayingumlutha wezidakamizwa, yaya ejele. Ngo-1964, umndeni wahlukana. Ngonyaka owodwa kamuva, ngosuku lwesehlukaniso, uGalina wabulawa edugwababa: Wayeneminyaka engama-39 ubudala.
U-Olga Artimovich waba ngumfazi wesibili, isayensi yezemfundo. Indodana yazalwa indodana ka-Anton, eyahamba ezinyathelweni zikayise futhi yaba ngumculi kanye nomqambi. Ubudlelwano kulo mshado bajabule, yize izithombe ezincane nobunye ubufakazi bagcinwe.
Kusukela maphakathi nawo-80s, impilo yomuntu siqu yeBlat Okidzhava yahlotshaniswa nomunye umuntu wesifazane, umculi uNatalia Gorlenko. Babehlala emshadweni womphakathi iminyaka eminingana, kepha iBard ayizange ifune ukuhlukanisa no-Olga. Ezinsukwini zokugcina kanye newashi lempilo yenkondlo, kwakuyi-Arzimovich yayiseduze kwe-makeup.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina ye-Okadzhava echithwa eParis. Ngemuva kokushona kobuhlungu kwendodana endala yendodana yendodana, iMaestro Shinki - i-Okudzhava yahlala izwa inecala ngesiphetho sezibulo. Imbongi yangeniswa esibhedlela iye esibhedlela nomkhuhlane, owanikeza izinkinga ezinhlolweni. Ukubikezela kodokotela akuzange kukhuthazwe. U-Okidzhava uhlala ecabanga ukuthi uyikholwa futhi amahora ambalwa ngaphambi kokufa wamukele ukubhapathizwa. IBlat Chalvovich yaphawulwa ukuhlonipha uJohn iqhawe.
UBard washona ngoJuni 12, 1997 eneminyaka engama-73 ubudala ukusuka ekwehlulekeni kweRenal esibhedlela samasosha ezindaweni ezingaphansi kweParis. Bulat bulat Okidzhavi emathuneni ama-vagankovsky eMoscow.
I-Bibliography
- 1956 - "Izingoma"
- 1959 - Iziqhingi "
- Ngo-1966 - "Impahla yenkululeko"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ongaphambili Uza Enalo"
- Ngo-1967 - "Mashi ophanayo"
- 1971 - "Izeluleko Adventures"
- 1976 - "I-Arbat, I-Arbat Yami"
- 1985 - "Usuku noBonaparte"
- 1987 - "Yiba nempilo, i-scholyar!"
- Ngo-1991 - "Ukufika kwe-Imfihlo Baptist"
- 1993 - "Umusa Wekusasa"
Izizo
- 1958 - "Goodbye, Abafana"
- Ngo-1966 - "Isihlabelelo Sezinsana"
- Ngo-1967 - "Ithambo lamagilebhisi"
- Ngo-1967 - Union of Bangani "
- Ngo-1967 - "Udumo lwakho, uNkk. Inhlanhla! ..."
- 1971 - "Sidinga ukunqoba okukodwa"
- 1974 - "Marily"
- 1975 - Ingoma ka-Kavallerrad "
- 1975 - "Ingoma Mayelana Nensimu Yezimangaliso"
- 1975 - "Ufisa Abangani"
- Ngo-1982 - "Akathunga, yingubo yakho ..."