Biography
U-Bulat Shalvovich Okoduva, i-biography yakhe ifanelwe ngqwalaselo enkulu, yayiyimvumi yeSoviet edumileyo, umqambi, imbongi. Umthambi weetalente wabhala iingoma kwiivesi zakhe, ukuba ngomnye wabameli abadumileyo kuhlobo lwengoma yombhali. Ubuchule bakhe babeka ixesha liphela. Imbongi kunye nomqambi kudala bephila ixesha elide, kwaye imibongo kunye neengoma zeBududzhava isavakala kwiinkampani kunye nezikrini zeTV.
U-Bulat Okoudzhava wayephila ubunzima, kodwa unomdla. Wazalwa nge-9 kaMeyi, ngo-1924 eMoscow kwintsapho yaseGeorgia Shalva Stepanovich Okova kunye ne-Armeniank Ashchen Stepanovna Nalbanovna. Abazali bakhe babengamaKomanisi ngokuqiniseka: utata - umntu obalaseleyo weqela, umama wafumana indawo ekwindawo yeqela.
Xa uBulat waqala iminyaka emibini, usapho lwaya eTsilisi, emva koko waya ku-Nizhny Tagil. Babesoloko belandela utata, owenza umsebenzi weqela. UShalva Stepanovich uhlala kwizithuba ezibalulekileyo ngelixa ixabana elinengxabano kunye ne-fenation lobuxoki zajika ubomi bakhe. I-Okoudzhava ebanjiwe, yathunyelwa enkampini kwaye yaphosa apho. Unyaka we-bulat noMama nogogo bahlala eMoscow, kwi-the the the the the the ther kwi-ARBAT. Ngo-1938, umama we-bulat wayibeka eminqubeni eKaraganda njengomcamagushekisi wetraja, kwaye ukubuya kwe-Ashkin ukusuka ngo-1947 kuphela.
Emva kokubanjwa kukanina, uBulat wayehlala kwintsapho yezalamane kwiTsilisi. Inkwenkwana yafunda esikolweni, emva koko yangena kwiTokrem kwisityalo. Ngo-1942, umfana watyikitywa livolontiya ngaphambili, ethathe inxaxheba kwiimfazwe ezininzi zobuqhetseba. Ngo-1943 wanxunguphala phantsi kweMozdoki. Ngeli xesha, u-Okoudzhava wabhala ingoma yakhe yokuqala "esingalalanga kwiibhanti ezibandayo."
Xa iMfazwe iphelile, i-bulat shalvovich ifake iYunivesithi yaseTnilisis kwi-pedagogical. Waphumelela eyunivesithi ngo-1950 waza waqalisa ukusebenza njengomfundisi-ntsapho kwisikolo sasemaphandleni. Ngokusasazwa iminyaka emibini enesiqingatha, i-goard yexesha elizayo yeza kwilali yaseKaligaga yoMmandla. Ngeli xesha, i-Okadzhava ibhale imibongo, uninzi lwazo waba ziingoma.
Uncwadi noMculo
Isiqalo somsebenzi wakhe woncwadi ubuyela kuye ku-1954. I-Bulat Okoduva yayikwintlanganiso yababhali n. panchenko kunye ne-v. Koblikova kunye nabafundi bafumana isibindi kwaye babanike imibongo yabo. Imibongo efakwe-Kungekudala i-Kaliswa Page "iLeninet" yaqala ukuprinta.
Ngo-1956, eKalga, ingqokelela yemibongo "amazwi" aphuma. Imibongo Bulat Okot Okoudzhava eyaziwe. Ngo-1961, iphepha le-Almanac "iprintwe" iprinta ibali lombhali "libe sempilweni, skider". Ngo-1987, umsebenzi we-autobiographical wapapashwa ngokusasazwa okwahlukileyo. Kumashumi nje amahlanu eminyaka, malunga neqokelelo ye-15 yeembongi zapapashwa, phakathi kwezi "ziqithi", "umphetho owonwabisayo", "unesisa, i-arbati yam".
Ngo-1969-1983, I-Okoudzhava epapasha ibali "lenkululeko", "i-Andeaparte", "ukuhamba kwamateurs" nabanye. "Ifoto yakhe", yapapashwa entshona, umbhali wayehlala ethathelwa ingqalelo ebuthathaka, ngenxa yoko akazange apapashe eRussia.
Khange ashiye i-buulat Okova kunye nokusebenzela abantwana nabantu abancinci, eyona idumileyo eyaba yintsomi ". Ibali labantwana umbhali odaliweyo, echaza imihla ngemihla kwi-Yalta ngolwimi oluhle ngeeleta eziya kunyana omncinci. Kukho kwi-bibliography chalvovich kunye nomdlalo omnye, awabhala ngo-1966, "i-SIP yeNkululeko."
I-Bulat Okoudzhava yabandakanyeka kwiiArabhu, iilwimi zaseSweden, iilwimi zaseFinland, eziguqulelweyo ngokusisiseko. Kude kube ngu-1961, umbhali wasebenza njengomhleli wendlu "yoMgcini" wapapasha waza waba liSebe lemibongo kwi "zloikos". Emva koko uyekile kwaye akasasebenzi ukuqesha - wayezibandakanya kubuchule.
Imbongi iratwriter bulat okudzhava yaba ngu-1958. Ngeli xesha, umbhali wayesele esele ebuyile eMoscow - abazali bakhe baphinda bahlaziywa.
Iikonsathi ze-Skadzhava zenzeka nge-Manshlag: Iposta kwikomkhulu yayingeyiyo, kodwa i "Sarafannaya didiyo" yenziwa. Ekuqaleni kwe-60s, i-Okoudzhava Bulat yenye yezona zilwanyana zithandwayo zeSoviet. Amaculo akhe "kwi-Tver Boulevard", "Imeva yeMeko" nabanye bakhumbula kwaye bethandana nabaphulaphuli. Yanika irhafu kwimvumi kunye nelizwe lakhe lembali - iGeorgia, ukudala "umculo" weediliya ".
Ikhonsathi yaseburhulumenteni yokuqala ye-Okudzhava yenzeka eKharkov ngo-1961. Emva koko, imbongi kunye nemvumi yaqalisa imizi ye-USSR. Umdlali we-Persormeramer waba ngummeli oqaqambileyo wengoma yombhali waseRussia - yayiyeyona ndlela iphambili yokuyila.
I-Bulat Bulat Chalvovich ifutha uphuhliso lwendlela yokuhamba ye-Bladimir Vysotsky, i-Alexander Galich, Yuri villbor. Iingoma ezimbini ze-Okoudzhava - "Sithatha izandla," Bahlobo ... "kunye" nomthandazo uFrancois Viyon "(" ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, umhlaba usajijekile ... ") -Fumana ifumene imeko yeengoma zombhali. Imithendeleko ebizwa emva kweBudududuva eMoscow, iPerm, eBaikal, kwaSirayeli, isebenza kwaye ibonise ababhali babadlali nabahlobo bakaSozov ... ".
Ngo-1962, wabhala ingoma yokuqala yemovie-yayiyindlela "yokusabela" umfanekiso. Ngelishwa, ifilimu ayizange iphumelele. Kodwa ingoma elandelayo i-cinema yaba yi-Superhit ithi: "Sifuna uloyiso," sifuna uloyiso "senziwe kwifilimu" i-Velorgsky yesikhululo ", ivakala kwirediyo kunye neerekhodi zetapi.
I-Bulat Okoudzhava yabhala iingoma kwipeyinti "i-Strew Hat", "isitshixo se-COUSE ngaphandle kwelungelo lokudluliselwa", "Isango lePokrovsky". Ingoma "imbeko yakho, uNkskz Herhamst" kwifilimu ehlelo "Ilanga elimhlophe lentlango" lalibhala i-Okudzhava. Lilonke, ingoma ye-bird ivakala phantse iifilimu ezingama-80 zeSoviet.
Ngo-1967, u-Okoudzhava wayeseFrance, apho wabhala khona iingoma ezingama-20, waba sisiseko serekhodi, elaphuma eParis ngonyaka. Ngo-1974, u-Okoudzhava wabhala iplastiki yokuqala yokudlala kwi-USSR, kodwa uphume kwiminyaka emibini. Ngo-1978, enye idiski yarekhodwa, kwaye phakathi kwe-1980 bekukho iipleyiti ezimbini zeengoma malunga nemfazwe, ezingenayo "," uTin Sin, "ingoma malunga ne-insana" kwaye abanye.
Iingoma ze-buulat Okova azikalityelwa, zenziwa ngabaculi abaninzi - iVakhtang Kikabidze, Marina Ve Dobevchin, uBoris Grepenshchikov.
I-Bulat Okoudzhava yanika ikhonsathi yakhe yokugqibela ngoJuni 23, 1995 kwikomkhulu le-UNESCO eParis.
Ukuthetha ngebhayiloji ye-buulat Okova, kuyakuqatshelwa ukuthatha inxaxheba kwayo kwi-cinema. Indima yomculi yayikwintloko kuphela, wabonakala kwindima ye-kateo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibingachazwanga kuzo zonke iikhredithi. Ezi ziifilimu "zokuphendula", "isitshixo ngaphandle kwelungelo losulelo", "Zesifo Ilymich", "Ndigcine, wam, wam." Indima enkulu yaya eUncidzhava kwifilimu yesibhozo yefilimu "ifilimu", apho i-bulat idlale igosa.
Ndizamile i-okudzhava kwaye njengoluhlu lwefilim. Ngokuthatha inxaxheba kwakhe, imeko yadalelwa kwifilimu ethi "Ukunyaniseka", umlawuli kunye nomgcini wesibini osongelwe nguPeter Todorovky. Ifilimu ixelele ibali lejoni eliselula, eyayisakuba yishumi elinambini i-ikitina (Vladimer Chetvitikov), oye wadibana nothando lwaKhe - intombazana ye-zoya (xa sele enguMfundi weSikolo sesana. Kodwa kwiintsuku ezimbalwa emva kwentlanganiso, umfana uthunyelwe ngaphambili, apho afe khona.
Ifilimu ifumene umvuzo ophambili we-II yoMnyhadala weMilimi ye-In-Union, kunye nebhaso loMnyhadala weVenetian kwincwadi yotyumba "yeyona tyala ilungileyo". Phakathi kwe-60s, i-Okoudzthava ithathe inxaxheba ekudalweni kwemeko yomfanekiso "uZhenya, uZhenya and Katrisha" kunye ne-Katiyasha "kunye ne-Katisasha" kunye neFlimu ebhalwe nguAlexander Puykin.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukususela kwiminyaka yokuqala, u-Okoudzhava wahlula-hlula lukhulu luthando. Kwanasesikolweni, i-bulat ibonise iimvakalelo zothando kubantu ofunda nabo. Ngalo lonke ixesha, ngenxa yentshukumo elandelayo evela kwiSixeko esiya esixekweni, ubudlelwane be-platonic bawa.
Xa, emva kwemfazwe, i-rulat yeaudzhava ibuyele eMoscow okwethutyana, yadibana nentombazana ye-valentina, eyahlala kwi-Arbati. Inenekazi lentliziyo efundwayo kwisitudiyo. K. S. Stanislavsky kwaye khange ubonakalise umdla kwindoda ephantsi emnyama. Emva kwexesha, le ntombazana yayingaziwa kwi-Soviet Union Portone - iValentina LeontEv yabizwa ngokuba yintsomi ye-Soviet Umabonakude.
I-Okoudzhava ikwazi ukuphola. Ukulangazelela ixesha elide kuchaphazelekile ngumfana lowo wahluthwa ngenxa yengcinezelo yabazali, kwaye ke ukuthatha inxaxheba emfazweni.
Iqabane lakhe lokuqala - i-gallina smreaninova, ifundwe ne-makeup kwiyunivesithi enye. Abafundi batshata kunyaka wesibini. Kule mtshato, amaqabane azalwe abantwana ababini. Kodwa intombi yasweleka esemncinci, kwaye unyana we-igor, ukuba ngumntu omdala, ulikhoboka leziyobisi, waya ejele. Ngo-1964, kwaqhambuka usapho. Kanye ngonyaka emva koko, ngomhla woqhawulo-mtshato, uGaliyo wasweleka egazini: Wayeneminyaka engama-39 ubudala.
UOlga Artzimovich waba ngumfazi wesibini, ugqirha kwimfundo. Unyana wazalelwa unyana ka-Anton, owangena emanyathelweni kayise, waba yimvumi nomqambi. Ubudlelwane kulo mtshato bonwabile, nangona imifanekiso encinci kunye nobunye ubungqina bugcinwe.
Ukususela phakathi 80s, ubomi bobuqu be-budzhava bunxulunyaniswa nomnye umfazi, imvumi Natia gorlenko. Bahlala kumtshato waseburhulumenteni kangangeminyaka eliqela, kodwa i-bird ayizange inyanzelise ukwahlula-hlula neOlga. Ngemihla yokugqibela kunye newotshi yobomi bembongi, yayinguArzovich wayekufuphi ne-Makep.
Ukufa
Iminyaka yokugqibela ye-Okududzhava echibini eParis. Emva kokusweleka kwentliziyo yonyana olizibulo I-Iyor's I-Son Igor's Impilo, iMaeesro Swink - I-Okaudzhava ihlala inetyala ngenxa yesanda sezibulo. Imbongi yayilahliwe esibhedlele esibhedlele kunye nomkhuhlane, onike ingqumbo kwizintso. Umenzi onolwazi akakhuthazi. I-Okoudzhava ihlala ithathwa njengekholwa kunye neeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuba umntu abhaptizwe. U-Bulat Chalvovich waqatshelwa ngokuzukiswa kukaYohane igorha.
I-BID ifile nge-12 kaJuni, 1997 iminyaka engama-73 ubudala ukusuka kwisibhedlele sasemkhosini kwidolophu yaseParis. I-bulat buududzhavi kwi-vagankankev ye-vagankankevsky eMoscow.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1956 - "amazwi"
- Ngo-1959 - "Iziqithi"
- Ngo-1966 - "I-Sungity yenkululeko"
- Ngo-1967 - "ngaphambili iza kuthi"
- Ngo-1967 - "Matshi unesisa"
- Ngo-1971 - "I-Adveventritures"
- Ngo-1976 - "Arbat, i-Arbati yam"
- Ngo-1985 - "Umhla nge-Bonaparte"
- Ngo-1987 - "Yiba Nempilo, Schongar!"
- Ngo-1991 - "I-Adventures yoMbhaptizi wemfihlo"
- Ngo-1993 - "Ubabalo lwekamva"
Iingoma
- Ngo-1958 - "Kulungile, amakhwenkwe"
- Ngo-1966 - "Ingoma Yabantwana"
- Ngo-1967 - "ithambo leediliya"
- Ngo-1967 - Imanyano yabahlobo "
- Ngo-1967 - "imbeko yakho, uNkskz Gost! ..."
- Ngo-1971 - "Sifuna uloyiso '
- Ngo-1974 - "Serily"
- Ngo-1975 - I-Kavalerrad "Ingoma
- Ngo-1975 - "Ingoma Yamasimi Wemimangaliso"
- Ngo-1975 - "Ndinqwenela Abahlobo"
- Ngo-1982 - "akathuli, impahla yakho i ..."