Ubuzima
Bulat Shalvovich Okudzhava, ubuzima bwe bukwiye kwitabwaho cyane, yari umuririmbyi uzwi cyane wa sovieti, umuhimbyi, umusizi. Umuhanzi ufite impano ubwe yanditse indi mirongo kumurongo, kuba umwe mubahagarariye abantu benshi mubwoko bwindirimbo yumwanditsi. Guhanga kwe kwakira ibihe byose. Umusizi kandi uwahimbye kuva kera, kandi ibisigo nindirimbo za Bulat Okudzhava biracyafite amajwi mumasosiyete no muri ecran ya TV.
Bulat Okudzhava yabayeho bigoye, ariko ubuzima bushimishije. Yavukiye ku May 9, 1924 i Moscou mu muryango wa Georgian Shalva Stepanovich Okudzhava na Armeniank Ashchen Stepanovna Nalbandian. Ababyeyi be bari Abakomunisiti bakwemera: Data - Igishushanyo gikomeye, Mama na we yabonye umwanya mu bikoresho by'ishyaka.
Bulat yahindutse imyaka ibiri, umuryango wimukiye muri Tbilisi, hanyuma ugana Nizhny Tapil. Bahoraga bakurikiza Data, wakoze vuba umwuga w'ishyaka. SHALVA Stepanovich Inyandiko zingenzi mugihe utongana na Beriya no kwamagana ibinyoma byahinduye ubuzima. Okudzhava-Serkuru yarafashwe, yohereza mu nkambi arasayo. Umwaka wa Bulat hamwe na Mama na nyirakuru babaga i Moscou, muri komini kuri Arbat. Mu 1938, nyina wa Bulat yirukanywe mu nkambi i Karaganda nk'umugore w'umuhemu ushinzwe kujya mu kimuna, kandi kugaruka kwa Ashkhen kuva aho hari mu 1947 gusa.
Nyuma yo gufatwa kwa nyina, Bulat yabaga mu muryango wa bene wabo muri Tbilisi. Umuhungu yiganye ku ishuri, hanyuma yinjira muri Tokarem kugeza ku gihingwa. Mu 1942, umusore yashyizweho umukono n'umukorerabushake imbere, yitabiriye intambara nyinshi. Mu 1943, yakomeretse munsi ya Mozdok. Muri iki gihe, Okudzhava yanditse indirimbo ye ya mbere "Ntabwo twaryamye mu magare akonje."
Igihe intambara irangiye, Bulat Shalvovich yinjiye muri kaminuza ya Leta ya Tbilisi muri Pedagoge. Yarangije muri kaminuza mu 1950, atangira gukora nk'umwarimu mu cyaro. Kugabura imyaka ibiri nigice, igikuro kizaza cyaje mu mudugudu wa Kaluga Akarere Shamardino. Muri iki gihe, Okudzhava yahoraga yanditse ibisigo, byinshi muribyo byabaye indirimbo.
Ubuvanganzo n'umuziki
Intangiriro yakazi k'umwuga we w'ubuvanganzo gasubira mu 1954. Bulat Okudzhava yari mu nama y'abanditsi N. Panchenko na V. Koblikova hamwe nabasomyi, hanyuma nyuma yibyabaye yabonaga kandi abaha ibisigo byabo. Ibisigo Bikunze - Bidatinze ikinyamakuru cya Kaluga "Umusore Leninet" yatangiye gucapa.
Mu 1956, muri Kaluga, icyegeranyo cy'imivugo "amagambo" yasohotse. Ibisigo Bulat Okudzhava yakundaga. Mu 1961, paji ya Almanac "ya Tarusk" yacapiye inkuru y'umwanditsi "Giramo ubuzima bwiza, Spestar". Mu 1987, imirimo ya autobiografiya yasohowe no kuzenguruka kwihariye. Mu myaka mirongo ine gusa, ibyegeranyo bigera kuri 15 byasohotse, mu birwa "," ingoma yishimye "," mu rugendo "," Arbat, arbat yanjye ".
Mu 1969-1983, Okudzhava yasohoye inkuru ya "SIP yubwisanzure", "itariki ya бstarte", "ingendo za Amateurs" n'abandi. Igitabo cye "Umufotozi Zhora", wasohotse mu Burengerazuba, umwanditsi yahoraga afatwa nk'intege nke, bityo ntiyigeze atangaza mu Burusiya.
Ntabwo yavuye muri bulat okudzhava agakorera abana nurubyiruko, icyamamare cyabaye kimaze kuba umugani ". Inkuru y'abana umwanditsi yakoze, asobanura iminsi y'icyumweru muri Yalta ifite ururimi rutangaje mu mabaruwa yandikiwe umuhungu muto. Hano muri bibliografiya ya Bulat Chalvovich n'umukino umwe yandikaga mu 1966, "Udukoko twisanzuye."
Bulat Ocudzhava yakoraga mu buhinduzi buturuka ku ndimi z'Abarabu, Igisuwede, cya Finilande, cyahinduwe ibisigo. Kugeza mu 1961, umwanditsi yakoraga nk'umwanditsi w'Amwanditsi w '"umuzamu" urubyiruko rwamamaza inzu maze aba ishami ry'imivugo mu kinyamakuru "ubutaji". Hanyuma arareka kandi ntagikora kubera akazi - yakoraga akazi ko guhanga.
Umusizi windirimbo Bulat Okudzhava yabaye mu 1958. Icyo gihe, umwanditsi yari amaze gusubira i Moscou - ababyeyi be barasubiwemo.
Ibitaramo bya Studzhava byabereye kuri Manshlag: Icyapa kiri mu murwa mukuru ntabwo cyari, ariko radio "Sarafanaya" yakoze. Mu ntangiriro za 60s, Okudzhava Bulat yari umwe mu myanya y'ubuso bwa soviti izwi cyane. Indirimbo ze "kuri Tver Boulevard", "Werurwe Impeti" n'abandi bibukwa kandi bakundwa n'abumva. Yihaye icyubahiro umucuranzi kandi amateka ye - Jeworujiya, akora amagufwa "amagufwa yinzabibu".
Igitaramo cya mbere cyemewe cya Okudzhava cyabereye i Kharkov mu 1961. Nyuma yibyo, umusizi numuririmbyi batangiye kuzenguruka imigi ya uss. Umuhanzi yabaye uhagarariye urumuri rwindirimbo yumwanditsi w'Urubuga - ni we ngenderwaho nyamukuru yo guhanga.
Ihangane Bulat Chalvovich yagize uruhare mu iterambere ry'ikipe, na we harimo Vladimir vysotsky, Alexandre Galich, Yuri Vizi. Indirimbo ebyiri za Okudzhava - "Dufata amaboko, inshuti ..." na "amasengesho Francois Vyon" ("kugeza ubu, - yakiriye imiterere y'indirimbo z'umwanditsi. Iminsi mikuru yitiriwe Bulat Okudzhava i Moscou, Perm, kuri Baikali, muri Isiraheli, ikora kandi yerekana abanditsi b'abanyamwuga n'inshuti za sozov ... ".
Mu 1962, yanditse indirimbo ya mbere kuri firime - byari ibigize "urunigi". Kubwamahirwe, film ntabwo yakoresheje intsinzi. Ariko indirimbo ikurikira kuri cinema ako kanya yabaye igihangange: "Dukeneye intsinzi," dukeneye muri filime "Ikibanza", cyumvikanye kuri radiyo hamwe na kamera.
Bulat OKUDZHAVA yanditse indirimbo "ibyatsi ingofero", "Inyenyeri yo gushimishwa umunezero", "Irembo rya Pokrovsky". Indirimbo "icyubahiro cyawe, Madamu Amahirwe" kuri Filime Yumusenga "Izuba ryera ryubutayu" naryo ryanditse Okudzhava. Muri rusange, indirimbo ya Bard yumvikanye firime zigera kuri 80 za sovieti.
Mu 1967, Okudzhava yari mu Bufaransa, aho yandika 20 mu bihimbano - babaye ishingiro rya dosiye, basohotse i Paris mu mwaka. Mu 1974, Okudzhava yanditse plastike ya mbere yo kurangira muri SSSR, ariko asohoka mu myaka ibiri. Mu 1978, handitswe ahandi muri za 1980 mu myaka ya za 1980 hari amasahani abiri y'indirimbo zimaze "gusezera" "." Indirimbo Yerekeye Abanyamaguru "na abandi.
Indirimbo za Bulat Ocudzhava ntizibagirwa, zikorwa nabahanzi benshi ba pop - Vakhtang Kikabidje, Marina Devyatova, Marina Devyatova, Orog Gregudin, Boris Grebenshchikov.
Bulat Okudzhava yatanze igitaramo cye cya nyuma ku ya 23 Kamena 1995 ku cyicaro gikuru cya UNESCO i Paris.
Mu kuvuga ubuzima bwa Bulat Okudzhava, bigomba no kumenya uruhare rwayo muri cinema. Uruhare rw'umuhanzi cyari igice gusa, yagaragaye mu ruhare rwa Kameo, kandi rimwe na rimwe nticyagaragajwe na gato mu nguzanyo. Abo ni firime "Urunigi,", "Munkize, Talisman." Uruhare runini rwagiye kwa Okudzhava mumyandikire y'imikino umunani "iragabanya", aho Bulat yakinnye umusirikare.
Nagerageje njye ubwanjye Okudzhava kandi nkabafilisitiya. Abifashijwemo, ibintu byashyizweho kuri filime "Ubudahemuka", n'Umwanda wa kabiri Peter Todorovsky yabaye. Filime yabwiye inkuru y'umusirikare ukiri muto, wahoze ari umunyeshuri icumi ya cumi na icumi Yura Nikitiikov), wahuye n'urukundo rwe - Umukobwa Zoya (Umukobwa Zolonye (igihe yari asanzwe ari umunyeshuri w'ishuri ry'abanyamaguru. Ariko hashize iminsi nyuma yinama, umusore yoherejwe imbere, aho apfa.
Filime yakiriye igihembo kinini cya II cy'Imyaka yose ya Siltival, kimwe no igihembo cy'umunsi mukuru wa Venetiya "kugira ngo rugere ku rugamba". Hagati ya 60s, Okudzhava kandi yagize uruhare mukurema ibintu byerekana ishusho "Zhenya, Zhenya, Zhenya na Katyusha" ndetse no kutishiraho kuri firime yerekeye Alexandre fushkin.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Kuva mu myaka ya mbere, Okudzhava yatandukanijwe cyane nurukundo. Ndetse no ku ishuri, Bulat yerekanye ibyiyumvo byurukundo kubanyeshuri mwigana. Igihe cyose, kubera kuva mu gikurikira kuva mu mujyi kugera mu mujyi, umubano wa Platonike warasenyutse.
Igihe, nyuma y'intambara, Bulat Okudzhava yasubiye i Moscou, yahuye n'umukunzi wa Valentina, uwo ari we, umeze nka we, yabaga kuri Arbat. Umudamu wumutima yize muri studio. K. S. Stanislavsky kandi ntabwo yerekanye inyungu kumusore muto wirabura. Nyuma, umukobwa ntiyari azwi cyane ku muntu w'umuryango w'ubumwe bw'Abasoviyeti - Valentina Leontyev yiswe umugani wa televiziyo y'Abasoviyeti.
Okudzhava yashoboye gukonjesha. Ibyifuzo birebire byagize ingaruka ku musore wambuwe kubera gucikakira ababyeyi, hanyuma uruhare mu ntambara.
Uwo mwashakanye wa mbere - Galina Smoyonyaninova, yiganye na maquillage muri kaminuza imwe. Abanyeshuri bashakanye mu mwaka wa kabiri. Muri ubu bukwe, abashakanye bavutse abana babiri. Ariko umukobwa yapfuye akiri muto, n'umwana wa Igori, kuba mukuru, wabazwe n'ibiyobyabwenge, yagiye muri gereza. Mu 1964, umuryango watandukanye. Umwaka umwe nyuma yumunsi, Galina yapfuye azize umuriro, yari afite imyaka 39.
Olga Arzimovich yabaye umugore wa kabiri, umuhanga mu bya fiziki ku burezi. Umuhungu yabyaye umuhungu wa Anton, wagiye mu kirenge cya se maze aba umucuranzi n'abahimbye. Umubano muri ubu bukwe wari wishimye, nubwo amafoto mato nibindi bimenyetso byabitswe.
Kuva hagati ya 80, ubuzima bwihariye bwa Bulat Okudzhava bwahujwe nundi mugore, umuririmbyi Natalia Gorlenko. Babayeho mu ishyingiranwa ryabaturage, ariko umurongo ntiwitinyuka gutandukana na Olga. Mu minsi yanyuma nisaha yubuzima bwumusizi, yari Arimaniya yari hafi ya maquillage.
Urupfu
Imyaka yanyuma Okudzhava yakoresheje i Paris. Nyuma y'urupfu rubabaje rw'ubuzima bwa umuhungu w'imfura, Mayestro Sink - Okudzhava yahoraga yumva icyaha kubera ibyabaye ku mfura. Umusizi yari mu bitaro mu bitaro afite ibicurane, ibicurane bitanga ingorane ku mpyiko. Iteganyagihe ryabaganga ntabwo ryatewe inkunga. Okudzhava yahoraga abwirwa ko ari umwizera n'amasaha make mbere y'urupfu rwemera umubatizo. Bulat Chalvovich yagaragaye mu cyubahiro John umurwanyi.
BARD yapfuye ku ya 12 Kamena 1997 afite imyaka 73 kuva kunanirwa no kunanirwa kwa Renal mu bitaro bya gisirikare mu nkengero za Paris. Yashyinguwe Bulat Okudzhavi mu irimbi rya Vagankovsky i Moscou.
Bibliografiya
- 1956 - "LYRICS"
- 1959 - "Ibirwa"
- 1966 - "Urugendo rw'ubwisanzure"
- 1967 - "Imbere yatugeraho"
- 1967 - "Werurwe ubuntu"
- 1971 - "ITANGAZO RY'INGENZI"
- 1976 - "ARBAT, ARBAT yanjye"
- 1985 - "Itariki hamwe na bonaparte"
- 1987 - "Giramo ubuzima bwiza!"
- 1991 - "Amahirwe ya Batisita Yibanga"
- 1993 - "Ubuntu bw'iherezo"
Indirimbo
- 1958 - "Muraho, Abahungu"
- 1966 - "Indirimbo y'abanyamaguru"
- 1967 - "Amagufwa yinzabibu"
- 1967 - Ubumwe bw'inshuti "
- 1967 - "Icyubahiro cyawe, Madamu Amahirwe! ..."
- 1971 - "Dukeneye intsinzi imwe"
- 1974 - "Marily"
- 1975 - Indirimbo ya KAVALERRAD "
- 1975 - "Indirimbo ivuga mu murima w'ibitangaza"
- 1975 - "Wifurije inshuti"
- 1982 - "Ntabwo adoda, imyambarire yawe ..."