U-Antonio Vivaldi - Biography, isithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, imisebenzi

I-Biograge

U-Antonio Luciano Vivaldi - Umqambi wase-Italiya, umqhubi, uthisha, i-Violistist Virtuoso, umbhali 500 amakhonsathi e-Solo Temally ne-Orchestra, ama-opera angama-90, odokotela abazibophezele ekuqothulweni iminyaka engama-200.

U-Antonio wazalwa ngoMashi 4, 1678 eVenice emndenini we-tsier nomculi uGiovanni Battista Vivaldi nomkakhe uCamilla. UGiovanni wayeqhamuka eBrescia, kwathi eneminyaka eyi-10 wahlala eVenice kanye nonina. Ngalezo zinsuku, i-torilly, i-stregli, i-curl, futhi ijabulisa amaklayenti, futhi yajabulisa nabo nge-boing.

IVivaldi-Senior ihlanganise ubuciko bezinwele bezinwele ngomdlalo we-violin. UGiovanni waba nge-violilist esontweni laseSt. Mark, negama lakhe lilohlwini lwabasunguli bomculo womculo ngisho nasekhasini lesihloko se-Opera eyodwa yango-1689.

Umqondisi weNhlangano ebaluliwe kwakungumqambi kanye nomlobi we-Opera Giovanni Legna. Ngokusekelwe kula maqiniso, i-bivaldi ka-Bivalogy yeVivaldi yafika esiphethweni sokuthi umqambi kwakukhona ithalente nezinyathelo zokuqala emkhakheni wezomculo, uBaba waphoqeleka othandweni lwendodana ye-violin futhi wanikeza amakhono akhe, ukuzwa okuphelele umdlalo. Kukhona nenguqulo ka-Antonio osemusha efundwa eGiovanni Legnitzi.

Izimo zokuzalwa zeVivaldi Jr. zivunyelwe ukuthola usuku oluqondile lokubukeka kwakhe. Iqiniso ngukuthi umfana wazalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ngenyanga yesikhombisa. Umbelethisi owathatha ukuzalwa, welulekwa ngokushesha umbhaptiza ingane uma kwenzeka kufa kungazelelwe. Ngemuva kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane kwase kuthiwa, njengoba kufakazelwa yirekhodi encwadini yesonto.

Ngokusho kwenganekwane, ukuzamazama komhlaba kwenzeka ngalolo suku eVenice, futhi ingane yazalwa ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu. UCamilla kuthiwa waveza isifungo sokunika abefundisi, uma ephila. Ngokumangazayo, u-Antonio wasinda, yize ayehlukaniswa ngempilo ebuthakathaka nesakhiwo esingezansi.

Ngenxa yesifuba somoya, umfana kwakunzima ukuhambisa, izinsimbi zethusi zavinjelwa. Kepha intandokazi ye-violin kusukela ebuntwaneni yayilahlwe ngokuphelele iMaestro yesikhathi esizayo, futhi kusukela eminyakeni eyi-10 u-Antonio ithathe isikhundla sayo, edlala esontweni laseSt. Mark.

Kusukela eminyakeni engu-13, uVivaldi Jr. Wenze isikhundla se- "Gollterleeper" nesonto lesonto, evula isango lethempeli. Lapho-ke ukusungulwa okuningana kongqongqoshe osemusha webandla abasezikhundleni eziphakeme kwenzeke. U-Antonio omkhulu u-Antonio wakhonza kanye kuphela, waphumuza ngenxa yempilo ebuthakathaka, futhi le nsizwa yathola ithuba lokuzinikela emculweni.

Ngalezo zinsuku, abapristi baseVenetia bahlanganisa amakhonsathi, umculo ongokomoya ngokukhonza uNkulunkulu. Kwakubhekwa njengemvelo njengokuba khona kwezinsimbi zomculo kumuntu ngamunye. Ekhulu le-XVII, iVenice Republic yayingamazwe akhanyayo kakhulu namasiko omhlaba, nasensimini ye-Opera, umculo wezwe nowokomoya wabeka ithoni yonke yeYurophu.

Umculo

Eminyakeni engama-25, uVevaldi waqala ukufundisa ubuciko bomdlalo we-violin eVenetian Consedale della Pietà Pietà. Ngakho-ke okongwe lapho ebizwa ngokuthi izindawo zokukhosela zesikole, lapho kwakuqeqeshwa khona izintandane nezingane, abazali bakhe abakwazi ukubanikeza. Lezi zikole ezivela eRiphabhuliki zazisekelwa ngezimali.

I-Shelters yamantombazane akhethekile kwisayensi yokusiza abantu, ukunakwa okukhethekile kukhokhelwe ukucula, umculo, ukubulawa kwezingoma ezingokomoya, amaHubo kanye noChants. Abafana abalungiselela abathengisi kanye nabathengisi, bafundiswa isayensi enembile.

U-Antonio Vivaldi waba yinkosi ye-violin yabafundi abasebasha indawo yokukhosela, bese kuba uthisha ka-Alta. Imisebenzi yakhe yayihlanganisa ukubhala kwanyanga zonke kwamakhonsathi, i-cantat, i-vocal isebenza amaSoloists nekwaya, kanye nokwakhiwa kwamakhonsathi amasha namakhonsathi eholidini ngalinye lesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uthisha owenziwa mathupha ngomculo oyintandane, umdlalo wezinsimbi kanye nama-vocals, avuselelwa futhi ahlonishwe amakhono amantombazane.

UVivaldi wasebenza ePietà usuka ku-1703 kuya ku-1740, engabali ikhefu leminyaka eyisishiyagalombili lisuka ku-1715 lize libe ngu-1723, futhi kusukela ngo-1713 laba nguMqondisi weConservatory. Yonke le minyaka, umqambi wasebenza ngokungakhathali, kule ndawo yokukhosela kuphela, kwabhalwa ama-Cantata angaphezu kwama-60, kufaka phakathi iCantata, amakhonsathi yeSolo, eCharal, ama-Orchestral asebenza.

Ngo-1705 no-1709, abamemezeli baseVenetian bashicilela ama-Opus Vivas amabili ngama-sonatas ayi-12, ngo-1711 - amakhonsathi ayi-12 abizwa ngokuthi "ugqozi lwe-Harmonic". Eminyakeni efanayo, umqambi osemusha nonethalente waqala ukuzwa ngaphandle kwe-Italy. Ngo-1706, uVivaldi wenza e-Embassy yaseFrance, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu wayelalele inkosi yaseDenmark Frederick IV, okwakuthi u-Antonio wamemezela kuye ngo-12 indodana.

Ngo-1712, umculi wahlangana noHlelo Olungumqambi WaseJalimane, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, uVivaldi wathuthela eMantui ngesimemo sikaPrince Philip Hesse Darmstadt iminyaka emithathu.

Kusukela ngo-1713, umqambi waba nesifiso sobuciko obusha bomculo wakhe - i-opera yezwe. IVivaldi Opera yokuqala eyabhalwa yaba "otton on the villa". Insizwa enethalente yaqashelwa yi-ImpraShario kanye nabashisekeli, futhi ngokushesha u-Antonio wathola umnikazi we-San Angelo Theatre e-Opera entsha.

Ngokusho komqambi, esikhathini esivela kusukela ngo-1713 kuya ku-1737, wabhala ama-opera angama-94, kepha ngabalingani abangama-50 kuphela abafika kulolu suku nanamuhla nababhali be-Great Vivaldi. Umlobi we-Opera walinda impumelelo yesiphepho, kepha inkazimulo yeVivaldi yayifushane. IVenetian Public Social Optificid emculweni kungekudala yathola izithombe ezintsha, futhi i-opera antonio yaphuma ngemfashini.

Ngo-1721, uMaine wavakashela uMilan, lapho awethula khona idrama "silvia", futhi ngonyaka olandelayo wabuya nomlomo engqikithini yeBhayibheli. Kusukela ngo-1722 kuya ku-1725, uVivaldi wayehlala eRoma, lapho abhala khona ama-opera amasha futhi enza phambi kobaba esimemweni somuntu siqu. Okomculi abefundisi, lo mcimbi wawuwudumo olukhulu.

Ngo-1723-1724, uVivaldi wabhala amakhonsathi adumile, abhekiswe kwiphutha "ezikhathini ze-CIS" (igama elifanele - "iminyaka emine yonyaka"). Ngamunye wamakhonsathi we-violin anikezelwe entwasahlobo, ubusika, ukundiza kanye nekwindla. Ngokusho kwabaningi babagxeki nabaphenyi, la makhonsathi angaphezulu kokuqanjwa kwe-maestro.

Ukuvukelwa kwemisebenzi enobuhlakani ukuthi izindlebe zomuntu zihlanza ukukhombisa izinqubo kanye nezimo emculweni, ngesici sonyaka owodwa noma kwesinye isikhathi. Ngakho-ke, engomeni ye-violin, ungezwa umsindo wezivunguvungu kanye nezinja ezikhonkotha, umiyane u-squeak kanye nokubika kwemifudlana, amazwi ezingane, kukhipha izikebhe zohlobo olubonakalayo futhi alahle i-skater eqhweni.

Ukuvakasha kanye namaWanders kuholele Maestro ukujwayelana noMbusi wase-Austrian Carl VI. Inkosi yayingumthandi omkhulu wobuciko bakaWivaladi, futhi ubuhlobo obunobungane baqala phakathi kwabo. Ngokumangazayo, njengoba ukuthandwa komqambi kunciphisa ukuthandwa eMotherland, eVenice, inkazimulo yakhe yakhula eYurophu, namagceke amakhosi amaFulentshi nama-Austrian.

Ngaphansi kokuphela kwempilo, inhlanhla ishiye umqambi ogqamile, futhi waphoqeleka ukuthi athengise ama-Sonatas akhe ngepeni, akufanele abhalwe ukuthi ebuphofini. Okudumele eVenetians abelwe indalo yakhe, u-Antonio Vivaldi wanquma ukuthuthela eVienna, "ngaphansi kwesigceme" ku-Admirer wasebukhosini wethalente lakhe, eKarl VI.

Ngeshwa, ngemuva nje kokuhambisa umqambi eVienna, umbusi wafa, khona-ke impi yaqala, futhi yayikhohliwe ngeMaestro.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Njengabefundisi, u-Antonio Vavivaldi wanikeza isifungo sokungaqondakali, okuhlonishwayo yonke impilo yakhe. Noma kunjalo, izinganekwane zikwazile ukubona ukwephulwa kwezinqumo ebudlelwaneni bakhe obuseduze nomunye wabafundi bePietàtory Pietàtory, u-Anna Zhiro nodadewabo uPaula.

UVivaldi wayenguthisha kanye nomeluleki u-Ana, onguNkulunkulu, odonsela ukunaka komphakathi hhayi ngokuphoqelela kanye nobubanzi bamavoti, kodwa ubamba. Kule ntombazane, umqambi wabhala okungcono kakhulu kwe-opera, waqamba ama-Aria futhi wachitha isikhathi ndawonye ezweni lakubo nasendleleni.

Udadewabo ka-Ana, uPaolina, oyize futhi waba ngumhlengikazi nomhlengikazi wokuzithandela, ukusiza ukubhekana nezifo zokuzala kanye nobuthakathaka bomzimba. Abefundisi baphezulu isikhathi eside babheka iminwe ethandweni le-maestro ngomculo wokuziphilisa nokusebenza, kepha bamxolela ngokuhlala unomphela eduze kwamantombazane amabili amancane awakwazanga.

Ngo-1738, uKhadinali-ophethe umbhishobhi uFerrara, lapho kwakufanele yenzeke khona ngokusebenza okungashintshiwe, akuzange kuvume uVivaldi nomngane wakhe edolobheni, futhi wayala ukubanza inqwaba ngenxa yesono somqambi.

Ukushona

Umqambi ogqamile washona ebuphofini kanye nesizungu kwelinye izwe, eVienna. Impilo ka-Antonio Vivaldi yaphuka ngoJulayi 28, 1741. Impahla yakhe yachazwa futhi yathengiswa ngenxa yezikweletu, futhi umzimba ungcwatshwe emathuneni abampofu basemadolobheni. Emva kwenyanga kuphela lapho kufa u-Antonio, odadewabo abancane bathola izindaba ezidabukisayo.

Ngemuva kokufa, igama leVivalidi lalikhohliwe ngokungafanele. Mhlawumbe, yi-Bach yaseJohann Sebastian kuphela futhi wayewuthanda kakhulu umculo we-Italiya, isikhathi eside ahlala umnikelo wakhe othembekile kuphela. I-Bach inezinqumo eziyishumi amakhonsathi we-vivaldi amathuluzi ahlukene ne-orchestra, kanye nefa lomqambi waseVenetian waba nomphumela obonakalayo emsebenzini we-organist-virtuoso.

Amaqiniso athakazelisayo

• Ukufaneleka okukhulu ocwaningweni nasekuvuleni ubuciko bakaVivaldi bakwa-Albertolist ngo-Alberto Wistem baka-Alyerlist baka-Alberto baka-Alyerlist baka-Alberto JedelYli, abathola umqulu wevolumu we-14.
• U-Antonio Vivaldi ungumqambi wokuqala owadala amakhonsathi ye-violin ne-orchestra, amabili, ama-violins amane nama-mandolin amabili.
• Ukuphela kombala we-VILUMDI, ojwayelene nazo zonke izithombe ezincwadini zemibhalo, kungenzeka kube ngumfanekiso womuntu ohluke ngokuphelele (okuqala akucaciswanga esithombeni, futhi isithombe ngokwaso asibukeki njengeminye imifanekiso ye umqambi).

• UMaestro wayenegama lesidlaliso elithi "umpristi obomvu" ngenxa yombala wezinwele, okungavamile phakathi kwamaVenetians.
• UVivaldi naye waduma ngeqiniso lokuthi angabhala i-opera ye-trichat ngezinsuku ezinhlanu futhi inqwaba yokuhlukahluka komculo ngesihloko esisodwa.
• "I-Tango" Edume Ngokudumisa, eqinisweni, ukwakheka okubizwa ngePalladio of the Por Comperer Karl Jenkins, kanye ne-Elf Night (ingoma) "- Ingoma yeQembu Lensimu Yesine.
• Ukwakheka "ukuduma kwezulu lasehlobo (isivunguvungu)" kusuka kumjikelezo "izinkathi" ezenziwa nguVanessa kungenzeka kungenye yezingoma ezithandwa kakhulu emhlabeni.

Ukwakhelekile

Ama-Operas:

• "Otton edolobhaneni", 1713;
• "Roland, Madness Okucabangayo", 1714;
• "I-Arsilde, iNdlovukazi Ponta", 1716;
• "ICoronation Dariyu", 1717;
• "U-Artan", 1718;
• "Teuson", 1719
• "Tit Manry", 1719;
• "UFarnace", 1727 nabanye.

Umculo we-Chorali no-Vocal:

• I-Sacrum (Messa);
• I-Laudate Dominum Omnes Hyetes;
• I-Stat Mater nabanye.
• AmaHubo:
• UBeatus ViR;
• I-Conditeboarch Tibi Domine;
• Dixit dominus;
• ILauda Jerusalem nabanye.

I-Osoria:

• "IJudith Yomkhosi", 1716;
• "Ukukhulekelwa kwezinsana ezintathu zomlingo", ngo-1722;
• "I-Big Cantata" Gloria nemithe ", 1721.
• I-Cantata yokuhambisana nezwi:
• "Ngaphansi komthunzi we-beech enhle kakhulu;
• "Umbono wami uqondiswe kuye";
• "Amur, unqobile";
• "Unyamalale, izinsuku zegolide";
• "Ngakho-ke ukukhala, imithombo yezinyembezi" nabanye.

Amakhonsathi wensimbi ne-Sonata, kufaka phakathi:

• "Isivunguvungu olwandle";
• "Injabulo";
• "Ukuzingela";
• "Izinkathi";
• "Ubusuku";
• "Shchegglenok";
• "Prelude".