I-Biograge
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, i-ekaterina medici yalandela izidlaliso ezingezinhle. Igama lakhe kwakunguMntwana wokufa, ngoba umama washona emkhwethaneni wakhe ngemuva kokuzalwa kwengane, futhi uyise washona ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva. Egcekeni, wakhe wabizwa ngokuthi yi-parchikha, efaka khona lapho imvelaphi enhle. Izihloko ezibizwa nge-Ekaterina Medici yeNdlovukazi yokufa, ngoba isikhathi sokubusa kwaso saphawulwa ngokuchitheka kwegazi nokuqondisa ukuqondisa.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Ekaterina Maria Romala di lorenzo de medici, i-duchesso of mantui, indlovukazi yesikhathi esizayo yaseFrance, yazalwa ngo-Ephreli 13, 1519. Kusukela esemncane, wayehambisana nengcebo, udumo nezinzuzo, ezazinobaba wababebhange beMedici, owabusa ngoFlorence, kanye nobudlelwano kanye nesimo sohlu lwezinhlobo zomama de la La.
Kepha uCatherine wazizwa enesizungu futhi wancishwa uthando. Ulahlekelwe ngabazali bakhe futhi wakhulisa ugogo wakhe we-Orcini. Ngemuva kokushona kowesifazane, izinkathazo eziphathelene nengane zathatha umamkhulu uCarlice Strozzi. UCatherine wakhula wabazala: Alessandro, Juliano noLorenzo Medici.
Amalungu omndeni wakwaMedici aphindaphinde abe obaba abathandana nabo baseRoma, ngakho-ke ukuphakama kohlobo kunzima ukubukela phansi. Uhulumeni wayengenamibandela. Isikhundla somndeni sivame ukuba yingozi, futhi uCatherine omncane wawuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1529, ekuvinjezelweni kweFlorence, amabutho kaCharles v, isixuku esivuvukala sacishe salenga intombazane eneminyaka engu-10 esangweni ledolobha. Silondoloze i-Duchess encane yegama lokuhlola leNkosi yaseFrance uFrancis I. Ekaterina yaphuthunyiswa esigodlweni saseSiena, lapho yathola khona imfundo.
E-batode, wahlaselwa abahlaseli abathunywe ababusi bakaFlorence, kepha uCatherine wakwazi ukuphunyula. Ukuqonda ukuthi kwakukhona inzuzo ngemuva kwayo, intombazane yanciphisa izinwele zayo yagqoka ingubo ye-monastic. Uvele phambi kwezitha futhi wacela ukumphatha ukuze azenzele uFlorence kule fomu ukuze abantu bazi ukuthi baphathwa kanjani ngeNuns.
UCatherine wayenenhlanhla: intombazane yadluliselwa esigodlweni sezindela ngokuqukethwe okuqinile futhi ayizange ihlangane nesithunzi sayo. Isihluku, lapho i-ekateraterina medici ishayisana khona ebuntwaneni, yathonya ukwakheka komlingiswa. Isiphithiphithi sasingekuze, iMedici yathola amandla, futhi uCatherine wathola isihloko se-Duchess urbinskaya. Waba ngumakoti othandekayo onothile ocebile.
Mayelana nekusasa, le ntombazane yanakekela uJulio Medici (DAD Clement VII). Wayencela indodana yeNkosi yaseFrance uHenry. Umshado wentsha wenzeka eMarseille ngo-1533. Umshado onenzuzo womabili imindeni yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuqinisa ukuxhumana kwe-Italy neFrance. Owokuqala wathola ummeleli enkantolo yaseFrance, kanti owesibili - amazwe awona angelona iminyaka eyi-10 eyalwa.
I-Queen France
I-Ekaterina Medici imithetho eFrance ngesikhathi sezimpi zegazi nezimpi ezihlala njalo phakathi kwamaKatolika namaHuguenots. Izwe lahlulwa yizimpi zenkolo, ezaholela empini yombango. Yekani okwenzekayo uCatherine wehlulekile. Wayeswela ukuhlakanipha namaqhinga ukuphatha izingxabano. INdlovukazi yasondela enkingeni ukuxazulula inkinga yezepolitiki, futhi ukunakwa kufanele kukhokhwe izici ezingokomoya zengxabano.
UCatherine wayengumcimbi waseFrance emadodaneni amathathu, wacela isihlalo sobukhosi: UFrancis, uCarla noHenry. Owokuqala ngomzabalazo weHuguenot namaKatolika washayisana yi-Francis encane, eyakhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi ngengane esencane eneminyaka engu-15. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, wagula nge-gangrene futhi ngemuva kwamasonto amabili egula washona eneminyaka engu-17. Indawo yomfowethu esihlalweni sobukhosi yathatha uKarl Ix. Impi yayikhula umfutho, futhi i-medici ayikwazanga ukumsiza, okuholele ezweni egameni leNdodana.
UCatherine wanquma ukuqeda inkinga ngokuhlanganiswa kwemindeni. Uhlele ukukhipha indodakazi uMargarita eshade noHenrich Navarre, indodana uJeanne D'ALa. Ngaphambi komshado, omaziyo ka-Catherine noZhanna. Isihlobo esizayo asimthandi uhulumeni. Ngakho-ke, lapho uJeanne eshona ngokuzumayo phambi komshado wendodana, idumela elibi likaCatherine laqiniswa. Uhlobo lobuthi ubuthi aluhambanga emlonyeni wenkantolo kanye nabantu abalula.
Umshado Margarita Vaga noHeinrich Navarre besenzeka. Ama-hugugenotes namaProthestani babekhona kulo. Emkhosini, umholi weHugUenotot Gaspar de Quini wahlangana nenkosi yesikhathi esizayo. Basheshe bathole ulimi olujwayelekile. I-Ekaterina Medici yayethuswa yithonya le-Admiral kwindodana yakhe futhi yayalwa ukuba libulale umuntu ongathandeki. Umzamo wehlulekile.
UHeinrich waqala uphenyo, ngenxa yokuthi konke kuzofundwa ngakho ngesenzo seNdlovukazi Emnyama. Uphenyo umise i-bartholomeev ebusuku, eyenzeka kusukela ngomhlaka 24 kuya ku-25 Agasti 1572. Abaphenyi basaxabana ngokuthi abasebenzi bawo bezokwelapha bacashunwa yini.
Ngalobu busuku, kwabulawa abantu abayizinkulungwane ezimbili eParis, kwathi abayizinkulungwane ezingama-30 bakwaHugugenov bawa yizisulu kulo lonke elaseFrance. Ababulali abayekanga phambi kwezingane, abesifazane namadoda amadala. Ngakho-ke i-ekaterina medici yanqoba inzondo yezwe lonke.
Umgomo oyinhloko we-catherine kwakuwukulondolozwa kwesihlalo sobukhosi ngenxa ye-VUGA DYNasty. UFortuna akazange amthande. Amadodana, asukuma esihlalweni sobukhosi, afa. UKarl IX eneminyaka engama-23 ubudala wabulawa yisifo sofuba, lapho wonke amadodana eNdlovukazi ahlupheka khona. Isihlalo sobukhosi saya eHeinrich III, siboshwe muva ePoland. Eqinisweni, uHeinrich waphunyuka waya eRase France. Wasusa umama wakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi, evumela ukuhamba kuphela futhi kwesinye isikhathi abambe iqhaza ezindabeni zobukhosi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Ekaterina Medici ayitholanga inani elanele lothando ebuntwaneni futhi alitholanga ukushisa okufisayo emshadweni. Ukuphuma kushadile, wayenethemba lokubona kunkosikazi wokusekelwa nokusekelwa. Kepha lesi sici esincane asikhanyisela ngobuhle futhi noma ngabe wazama kanjani ukuwunqoba lowo oshade naye ngezindlu zangasese zemfashini, inhliziyo yakhe ingenye.
Kusukela ngo-11, uHeinrich II wayethandana nabaphathi beDiana de Poitiers. Inkosikazi yasenkantolo yayimdala kunelesithandwa iminyaka engama-20, kepha lokhu akuzange kuvikeleni indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi empilweni. Ubuhle obuzwakalayo budlula i-medici. UCatherine waqonda ukuthi bekungelula ukuphikisana nomphikisi, ngoba wayeyinkantolo yomunye umuntu. Isinqumo esiwukulu kuphela kwakuwukusekela ubungane naye.
Ngonyaka ngemuva komshado kaCatherine noHeinrich Pope, uClement VII ushonile, futhi ophumelele naye wenqabile ukukhokha ingxenye ephakathi enamathiselwe enikelwe uCatherine. Izikhundla zeMedici Shaker ziqine kakhulu. Akekho ofuna ukuxhumana naye.
Inkinga enkulu bekungukuzala kweNdlovukazi. Ukuba nguDofee France ngo-1547, uHeinrich waqala ingane ngasohlangothini futhi waqala ukuhlela isehlukaniso. Kepha oshade naye osemthethweni wakhulelwa. Lokhu kwaqhutshwa odokotela kanye ne-astrologer michel nostradamus.
Ngemuva kokuvela kwezibulo, i-ekaterina yazala ezinye izingane eziyi-9. Amantombazane - UGemini, ovele owokugcina, wacishe wabulala umama. Okokuqala kwavela ukuthi lusazelwe, futhi owesibili waphila isikhathi esingaphezu kwenyanga.
Ukuxolelwa isikhathi eside okulindelwe kusuka kubambangi be-Diana de Poitiers, owaphula impilo ka-Catherine, wafika ngo-1559. Ngesikhathi somqhudelwano kaKnight, inkosi yalimala ayihambelani nokuphila. Iphini elivela emkhonzini lingene kwigebe le-helmet futhi ubuchopho bulimale ngeso. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eziyi-10, uHeinrich II ushonile, futhi intandokazi yakhe yaxoshwa.
Ukushona
UCatherine ushone ngoJanuwari 1589, izinyanga eziyisithupha ngaphambili uHeinrich III. Imbangela yokufa yayiwukuphamba okuhlanzekile, okuyindlovukazi yagula ohambweni oluya eFrance. Umzimba kahulumeni awuzange ube nenhlanhla eRoyal Tomb eSaint-Denis, njengoba abantu basabisa ngokumphonsa eSeine.
Kamuva uronen nomlotha wendlovukazi wayiswa ethuneni, kepha ayikho indawo yokungcwaba eduze kweHenrich II. I-Ekaterina Medici ithole isiphephelo sokugcina eseduze kwakhe.
Ukukhumbula
I-Medici Dynasty yayidume ngokuqokwa kanye nokuqanjwa kwezobuciko nesayensi. UCatherine wayengeyena ngaphandle kwezihlobo. Ngokuhleleka kwakhe kwakhiwa yinqaba yeTuileries, i-Susson Hotel, iphiko leLouvre nezinye izakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu. Umtapo wezincwadi weNdlovukazi wawuhlanganisa imibhalo yesandla yasendulo nezincwadi ezazibalwa amakhulukhulu amakhophi. I-Ballet futhi yaba yinto entsha, eyethulwa yi-Ekaterina Medici.
I-Biography yeNdlovukazi yaseFrance igcwele amaqiniso athakazelisayo. Umlando wokukhuphuka kwakhe esihlalweni sobukhosi nohulumeni baba yisakhiwo samafilimu amaningana. Ngo-2013, kwadedelwa uchungechunge oluthi "UMbuso" ezikrinini ze-TV, ukutshela ngempilo kaMary Stewart. UCatherine Medici udlala ekulandiseni indima ebalulekile njengoba umama kaFrancis, umkhwenyana weNdlovukazi yeScotland.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UCatherine Medici okokuqala egcekeni laseFrance afaka izithende. Intombazane yazama ukunxephezela ukuphakama okuncane. Ukugqoka kwakhe kwawa ukunambitheka kwezintokazi zaseFrance eziphindaphinde ukwenzeka komuntu ovuselelayo. Ama-Corsets kanye nezingubo zangaphansi nawo avele ngenxa ye-Fashionista yase-Italy.
- "Indlovukazi emnyama" ye-medici yabizwa ngombala wezembatho, ayizange ithathe umlingani ngemuva kokufa. Wayengumuntu wokuqala owayenosizi losizi abe mnyama, hhayi emhlophe. Ngakho-ke kwakukhona isiko elisha. Emifanekisweni eminingi, indlovukazi iboniswa ezifo ezililayo.
- Ezinganeni eziyi-10, uCatherine kuphela indodakazi iMargarita yayihlala nokuguga, yafa eminyakeni engama-62. U-Alexander Duma unikezelwe enkosini ye-Novel Roman "Queen Margo". UHeinrich III ushonile eneminyaka engu-40 ubudala, futhi abafowabo nodadewabo abakaze baphilele kuze kube ngu-30.
- I-Medici yayiyinkolelo-ze. Lapho kuzalwa izingane, wafuna ukubalwa kwendawo yezinkanyezi lapho izingane zivele khona lapho kubonakala khona. INdlovukazi yayinencwadi ekhethekile yokufunda izinkanyezi, ekhasini lemihlangano yeselula eyatholakala kuyo. Ngokuzihambisa, kwakuyinhlanganisela yezinkanyezi.
- Maphakathi nendawo yeParis, endaweni yaLe Al, kunesikhumbuzo esifana nefa lika-Catherine, ikholamu ye-medici lapha. Yingxenye yezakhiwo ze-Queen Astronomical Observatory.
- Ngo-1560, lapho ugwayi elethwe eYurophu. UCatherine akazange abheme, kodwa wayalwa ukuba asuse abe yimpuphu ukuze uhlwithe. Ngezakhiwo zokuphulukisa zenhlonipho ebizwa ngokuthi yi-toornacco "yendlovukazi ye-potion". Leli gama liye lahlekisa ngedumela lobuthi ohlanganiswe ngo-Catherine Medici.