Ubuzima
Kuva mu bwana, Menesina Medici yakurikiranye amazina adashimishije. Yitwa umwana w'urupfu, kubera ko nyina yapfuye azize nyirabukwe nyuma yo kubyara, na se apfa nyuma y'iminsi mike. Ku gikari, yahamagawe igihagararo, guhiga adahari inkomoko y'ibinyabuzima. Amasomo yitwa EKarina Medisi yumwamikazi wurupfu, kubera ko igihe cy'ingoma cyayo cyaranzwe no kumena amaraso no kugorora.Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Ekaterina Maria Romola Di Lorenzorezo De Mecissi, Duchess ya Mantui, umwamikazi uzaza w'Ubufaransa, yavutse ku ya 13 Mata 1519. Kuva akiri muto, yari aherekejwe n'ubutunzi, icyamamare n'inyungu, byari bifitanye isano na se w'abanyarwanda, bategekaga na Florence, ndetse n'imibanire ya nyina de la.
Ariko Catherine yumvise afite irungu kandi yambuwe urukundo. Yabuze ababyeyi be maze arera nyirakuru wa Orcini. Nyuma y'urupfu rw'umugore, ibibazo byerekeranye n'umwana byafashe nyirasenge Slarice Scazzi. Catherine yakuze hamwe na mubyara: Alessandro, Juliano na Lorenzo Medici.
Abagize umuryango wa Medisi wabaye papa w'Abaroma inshuro nyinshi, bityo ubusumbaga rero bw'imiterere biragoye gusuzugura. Guverinoma ntiyari ingirakamaro. Umwanya wumuryango wakunze kugaragara ko ari akaga, kandi Catherine nto yari akaga. Rero, mu 1529, mu gihe cyo kugota Florence, ingabo za Charles v, imbaga yabyimbye hafi y'umukobwa w'imyaka 10 ku irembo ry'umujyi. Yakijije Duchess akiri muto ijambo ry'ibizamini by'Umwami w'Ubufaransa I. Ekaterina yajyanywe mu kigo cya Sienasy, aho yakiriye amashuri.
Mu rugo, yagabweho igitero n'abateye boherejwe n'abategetsi ba Florence, ariko Catherine abasha gutoroka. Gusobanukirwa ko hari inyungu ye inyuma, umukobwa yanyeganyeje umusatsi we ambara imyenda ya monastique. Yagaragaye imbere y'abanzi maze amusaba kumujyana i Florence muri iyi shusho kugira ngo abantu bamenye uko bafashwe n'ababikira.
Catherine yagize amahirwe: Umukobwa yimuriwe mu kigo cy'abihaye Imana afite ibintu bikomeye kandi ntiyamutuka icyubahiro cye. Ubugome, ubuvuzi bwa Ekaterina bwagonganaga mu bwana, bwagize ingaruka kumiterere. Imidugararo yaje kuri oya, Medici yagaruye imbaraga, kandi Catherine yakiriye izina rya Duchess Urbinskaya. Yabaye umugeni ukomeye ufite inkwano zikize.
Ibyerekeye ejo hazaza, umukobwa yita kuri Julio Medico (Papa Clement VII). Yunsa Umwana w'Umwami w'Ubufaransa Henry. Ubukwe bw'urubyiruko bwabereye i Marseille mu 1533. Ubukwe bwunguka kumiryango yombi bwatumye bishoboka gushimangira guhuza Ubutaliyani n'Ubufaransa. Uwa mbere yahawe uhagarariye mu rukiko rw'Ubufaransa, naho icya kabiri - ibihugu bitari urusha inguzanyo 10.
Umwamikazi w'Ubufaransa
Amategeko ya Menesi ya Ekaterina mu Bufaransa mugihe cy'intambara yamaraso no mu ntambara zihoraho hagati y'abagatolika na Huguenots. Igihugu cyatsinzwe n'intambara z'amadini, kiganisha ku ntambara y'abenegihugu. Hagarika ibibera Catherine ntibyashoboye. Yabuze ubwenge n'amayeri yo gucunga amakimbirane. Umwamikazi yegereye ikibazo cyo gukemura ikibazo cya politiki, kandi no kwitabwaho bigomba kwishyurwa mubice byumwuka byo guhangana.
Catherine ni we wahamagariye Ubufaransa ku bahungu batatu, yasabye intebe y'ubwami: Francis, Carla na Henry. Uwa mbere hamwe n'urugamba rwa Hupuet n'abagatolika yagowe n'umusore Francis, wazamutse ku ntebe y'ubwami. Nyuma yimyaka ibiri, yarwanye na gangrene na nyuma yibyumweru bibiri indwara yapfuye afite imyaka 17. Umwaka umuvandimwe ku ntebe yateye Karl IX. Intambara yarimo yunguka imbaraga, kandi Medisico ntiyashobora kumufasha, biganisha ku gihugu mu izina ry'Umwana.
Catherine yahisemo gukuraho ikibazo hamwe n'imiryango. Yateganyaga guha umukobwa Margarita yashakanye na Henrich Navarre, umuhungu Jeanne D'Alba. Mbere y'ubukwe, kumenyera Catherine na Zhanna. Umuvandimwe uzaza ntabwo yakunze leta. Kubwibyo, igihe Jeanne yapfaga gitunguranye mbere yubukwe bwumuhungu, izina ribi rya Catherine rikomeza. Verisiyo yuburozi ntabwo yavuye mu kanwa k'urukiko ndetse n'abantu boroheje.
Ubukwe Margarita Varua na Heinrich Navarre baracyabaye. Hugenote n'Abaporotesitanti bari bahari kuri yo. Mu munsi mukuru, umuyobozi wa Huguenot Gaspar de Quini yahuye n'umwami w'ejo hazaza. Bahise babona ururimi rusanzwe. Ekaterina Medic yagize ubwoba ku mbaraga ku muhungu we maze ategeka kwica umuntu utemewe. Kugerageza byarananiranye.
Heinrich yatangiye iperereza, kubera ibintu byose byakwigwa kubikorwa byumwamikazi wirabura. Iperereza ryahagaritse ijoro rya Bartholomeev, ryabaye kuva ku ya 24 kugeza ku ya 25 Kanama 1572. Abashakashatsi baracyatongana niba abakozi bashinzwe ubuvuzi bateye ubwoba.
Muri iri joro, abantu ibihumbi 2 biciwe i Paris, kandi igihumbi 30 Hugegenov yaguye mu bacirwa mu Bufaransa bwose. Abicanyi ntibahagaze imbere y'abana, abagore n'abasaza. Ekaterina Medici yatsindiye urwango rw'igihugu cyose.
Intego nyamukuru ya Catherine ni yo mpamvu arinze intebe y'ingoma ya Valua. Fortuna ntabwo yamutonesha. Abahungu, bahagurukira ku ntebe y'ubwami, barapfa. Karl IX mu myaka 23 yapfuye azize igituntu, aho abahungu b'umwamikazi bose bababaye. Intebe y'ubwami yagiye muri Heinrich III, aherutse kumwambikwa muri Polonye. Nkako, Heinrich yarokotse ategekwa Ubufaransa. Yakuye nyina ku ntebe y'ubwami, yemerera gutembera gusa ndetse rimwe na rimwe agira uruhare mu bibazo bya cyami.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Ekaterina Medici ntabwo yakiriye umubare uhagije wurukundo kandi ntabwo yungutse ubushyuhe bwifuzwa mubukwe. Yasohotse, yizeye kubona mu mugore w'inkunga n'inkunga. Ariko ibiranga urubyiruko ntibyamurikiye ubwiza kandi nubwo yagerageje gutsinda uwo bashakanye hamwe nubwisanzure bwimyambarire, umutima we wari uw'undi.
Kuva ku ya 11, Heinrich II yakundaga Diana de Poitiers. Urukiko Madamu yari akuze umukunzi imyaka 20, ariko ibi ntibyabujije guherekeza umuragwa ku ntebe mubuzima. Ubwiza bwerekana ubwiza bwarenze Medico. Catherine yasobanukiwe ko bitoroshye gutongana nuwo muhanganye, kuko yari urukiko rw'undi. Icyemezo cyonyine cyukuri kwari ugushyigikirana ubucuti na we.
Umwaka umwe nyuma yubukwe bwa Catherine na Heinrich Papa, Clement VII yapfuye, kandi uzamusimbura wanze kwishyura igice kiremereye cyatanzwe kuri Catherine. Imyanya ya Medici ihinda umushyitsi kurushaho. Nta muntu n'umwe washakaga kuvugana nawe.
Ikibazo gikomeye ntirwabuza umwamikazi. Guhinduka Dofee Ubufaransa mu 1547, Heinrich yatangije umwana kuruhande agatangira gutegura ubutane. Ariko uwo mwashakanye yemewe yahise atwita. Ibi byoroherejwe nabaganga na astrologier Michel Nostradamus.
Nyuma yo kwitaba imfura, Ekaterina yabyaye abandi bana 9. Abakobwa - Gemini, wagaragaye bwa nyuma, hafi yica nyina. Iya mbere yaje kuvuka, naho kabiri ibamo ukwezi kurenza ukwezi.
Gusonerwa kuva kera bivuye ku bahanga mu byanganiye diana de, bamennye ubuzima bwa Catherine, yaje mu 1559. Mu marushanwa ya Knight, umwami yakomeretse bidahuye n'ubuzima. Igice cyo mu macumu yinjiye mu cyuho cya ingofero n'ubwonko bwangije ijisho. Nyuma y'iminsi 10, Heinrich II yarapfuye, kandi ibyo akunda birukanwa.
Urupfu
Catherine yapfuye muri Mutarama 1589, amezi 6 mbere ya Heinrich wa III. Impamvu y'urupfu yari Pleulent Prulent, umwamikazi yararwaye mu rugendo mu Bufaransa. Umurambo wa guverinoma ntabwo wagize amahirwe mu mva ya cyami muri Saint-Denis, nkuko abantu bamuteraga kumutera kumujugunya muri Seine.
Nyuma uronen hamwe n'ivu ry'umwamikazi yajyanywe ku mva, ariko nta mwanya wo gushyingura iruhande rwa Henrich II. Ekaterina Medici yasanze ubuhungiro bwa nyuma hafi ye.
Kwibuka
Ingoma ya Medici yari izwiho kuba umufana no guhatanira ubuhanzi na siyanse. Catherine ntibyari bisanzwe muri bene wabo. Ku byerekeye itegeko rye ryubatswe n'ikigo cy'amabati, hoteri ya Susson, ibaba rya Louvre n'izindi nyubako nziza. Isomero ry'Umwamikazi ryari rigizwe n'inyandiko za kera zandikishijwe intoki n'ibitabo byabara kopi amagana. Ballet nazo zabaye ibishya, Meterina Medici yatangije.
Ubuzima bwumwamikazi w'Abafaransa bwuzuye ibintu bishimishije. Amateka yo kuzamuka ku ntebe y'ubwami na guverinoma yabaye umugambi wa firime nyinshi. Muri 2013, urukurikirane "ubwami" rwasohotse kuri ecran ya TV, ruvuga ubuzima bwa Mariya Stewart. Catherine Medico akina mu kuvuga uruhare runini nka nyina wa Francis, umukwe w'umwamikazi Scotland.
Ibintu bishimishije
- Catherine Mecissi ubanza mukibuga cyigifaransa cyashyizeho inkweto. Umukobwa yagerageje kwishyura uburebure buke. Imyambarire ye yaguye kuryoherwa nabadamu b'Abafaransa basubiyemo imyenda yumuntu wihorere. Corterar na Imyenda y'imbere bagaragaye no mu Butaliyani bwo mu Butaliyani.
- "Umwamikazi wirabura" wa Medisi yiswe ibara ry'imyenda, ibyo ntiyasimbuye uwo bashakanye nyuma y'urupfu. Niwe mudamu wa mbere wari ufite ikimenyetso cy'akababaro umukara, kandi atari byera. Hariho rero imigenzo mishya. Ku mashusho menshi, umwamikazi agaragazwa n'imyambarire y'icyunamo.
- Mu bana 10, umukobwa Margar, Margarita yabaga yabayeho asakuza, yapfuye mumyaka 62. Alexander Duma yeguriwe umwami w'igitabo cy'Abaroma "Umwamikazi Margo". Heinrich wa III yapfuye afite imyaka 40, kandi barumuna be na bashiki be ntibageze bagera kuri 30. Umukobwa wa Catherine Medico, Umwamikazi wa Espagne Elizaveveta, yabayeho imyaka 23.
- Medici yari imiziririzo. Amavuka y'abana, yasabye kubara ahantu h'inyenyeri aho abana bagaragaye ku mucyo. Umwamikazi yari afite igitabo cyihariye cyo kurahiramo, ku mpapuro z'inyenyeri zigendanwa zari ziherereye. Mu kuyimura, byari guhuza horoscopes.
- Hagati ya Paris, mu karere ka Le al, hari urwibutso rusa n'umutungo wa Catherine, inkingi ya Medisi hano. Nigice cyubwenge cyimyanzuro yumwamikazi.
- Mu 1560, igihe Tobacco yazanaga i Burayi. Catherine ntiyigeze arenga, ariko ategeka gusiba mu ifu kugira ngo arubura. Ku mitungo yo gukiza ya Trates yitwaga itabi "umwamikazi wogosha". Iri zina ryumvikanyeho izina rya poisonere wahujije Catherine Medico.