Umlilo uyingxenye ebalulekile yezimpawu zemidlalo yama-Olimpiki, kanye nefulegi kanye nesiqubulo esisebenzisa inhlonipho ejulile ezilalelini. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlonipha lolu phawu ngo-1980, babhala iculo, kwathi ngemuva kwemincintiswano e-Sochi, eyadlula ngo-2014, umthombo "umthombo wama-Olimpiki" wasala epaki lase-Olimpiki. Ilangabi lenziwa ukuKhanya emcimbini wokuvula odlula edolobheni lase-Olympiad - livutha ngokuqhubekayo kuze kube usuku lokugcina lomncintiswano. Lapho kuvela ilangabi le-Olimpiki nokuthi lolu bhali lusho ukuthini ku-Material 24cm.
Yini efanekisela umlilo we-Olimpiki
Isiko lokushisa umlilo lapho kuvulwa umkhosi wezemidlalo kuhamba ngesikhathi seGrisi yasendulo. Abantu babekholelwa ukuthi ilangabi laliveza lo mlilo, owethule kubantu bakwa-Prometheus, bakhumbuza isenzo sobuqhawe sikaTitan, owaletha ukukhanya emhlabathini futhi wajezisa lokhu nge-zeus emnyama. Umlilo wama-Olimpiki ufanekisela izwe nobungani, ulwela ukunqoba nokuhlanza.Ngemuva kwekhefu lamakhulu eminyaka, ngo-1896, imidlalo yokuqala yanamuhla yama-Olimpiki yenzeka e-Athene. Kodwa-ke, kulokho ama-Olimpiki, umlilo awukaze ugxile. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Umqondo wokubuya kwesiko, unyukela emasikweni asendulo amaGreek, ngo-1912, wabeka phambili phambili eFrench Baron Pierre de Coubert ngempela - umsunguli we-Olympism, uMdali wefulegi elidumile elinamasongo amahlanu. Kodwa-ke, okokuqala ngqa, ilangabi le-Olimpiki lakhiwa kuphela ngo-1928 e-Amsterdam - enkundleni enhlokodolobha yaseNetherlands kulokhu, isitsha sokuqala selangabi esingokomfanekiso sakhiwa.
Kuphi futhi kanjani ithoshi lomlilo wama-Olimpiki wemidlalo yanamuhla
Lapho le midlalo yazalwa ngokuqondile, ososayensi abakakafisi ukunikeza impendulo efanele. Kepha umsunguli wemidlalo yama-Olimpiki yezazi-mlando abheka izimbambo, ezashada nendodakazi yenkosi.
Ngokwe-legend, umbusi wedolobha lase-Ises wabikezelwa ukuthi uzokufa lapho ubuhle bemvuli bufika. Ukugwema lokhu kusasa, u-Enomai ubeke imibandela engasebenzi ezandleni zesandla nenhliziyo yendlalifa. Umkhwenyana wancintisana no-Enobhona emncintiswaneni wezinqola, kodwa akekho noyedwa owayenganqoba iNkosi, ngaphandle kwamapulangwe, owafumbathisa umkhwenyana wasebukhosini. Ngemuva kokunqoba emjahweni nasekufeni kukayise kaHippodami, umkhwenyana waba umbusi wezincwadi futhi wahlela imikhosi emihle ukuhlonipha lo mcimbi.
Ngokwesiko, ithoshi lemidlalo yomlilo yomlilo yama-Olimpiki likhanyiswa ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kokuqala komncintiswano ethempelini likaZeus e-Olympia elangeni lisebenzisa isibuko se-parabolic. Ukuhlonipha lo mcimbi, kuhlelwe umkhosi oqinile, phambi kwawo okuhlaziya okuningi.
Emikhakheni, abalingisi ababonisa ubupristi bayabandakanyeka. Lawa amantombazane ayishumi nanye ezingutsheni zendabuko zesiGreek. "IVerkhovna zhrice" ithola ilungelo elihlonishwayo lokufunda umthandazo futhi lishise umlilo. Ngomkhosi wecala, ukudluliselwa komlilo wama-Olimpiki, abasubathi badlulisela ilangabi echibini lemidlalo yama-Olimpiki.
Kuwo wonke umlando wanamuhla wemidlalo yama-Olimpiki, isiko nendawo yokuqonda kwashintsha okuningi. Ngakho-ke, emidlalweni yokuqala ngo-1896, awukho umkhosi owaneliseke ngeGrisi ngokudluliselwa. Emincintiswaneni eNetherlands, ilangabi livele likhanyisiwe esitsheni. Ngo-1952, lokhu kumangalelwa kwenzeka endlini - imnyuziyamu yephayona lezemidlalo yaseNorway Ski Sandra Noryiyim. Futhi ngo-1992, edlalwe eBarcelona, eyakhunjulwa ngumkhosi omuhle kakhulu. I-Spanish Archel Champion, i-Paralympic Antonio Remolo isetha umlilo umcibisholo, obe eseqala esitsheni enkundleni.
Double ophansi edluliselwe phansi kwe-Olimpiki
Njengoba sekushiwo, umlilo wokuqala we-Olimpiki ukhanyiswe ngaphandle kokudluliswa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukudluliselwa kwendabuko kwamalangabi okokuqala endaweni okwenzeka ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili - khona-ke imincintiswano yenzeka eBerlin. Umsunguli kwakuwumsebenzi wezemidlalo waseJalimane wezemidlalo uKarl ufiphele. Uhlobo olusemthethweni uthi usosayensi waphefumulela isithombe e-vase yasendulo yamaGrikhi kulo mqondo, lapho kuboniswa khona isiko le-lampadromy - amaqoqo ekusebenzeni kwethoshi.
Kule nguqulo yendaba yokuzalwa, okudluliselwe kukhohliwe ukusho igama lomvubukuli kanye nesakhiwo sezemidlalo u-Alfred Schiff, owayebanjelwe eKomitini laseJalimane emidlalweni yama-Olimpiki. Usosayensi wahlola imidwebo nemidwebo emazweni anomfanekiso wethoshi. Kwakuwukuvubukuliwavubukuli okuphakamise ukuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona isiko lokudluliselwa kokudluliselwa komlilo, futhi wakhuluma ngokuqagela kukaKarl Dida. Lo mbono uqinisekiswa ngamarekhodi kwidayari ye-movie ye-movie yaseJalimane. Usosayensi welulesile uzakwabo kwimidlalo yasendulo.
Kutholakala nokuthi umbono wokuhlela ukudluliselwa kukaDima waphakanyiswa hhayi ngu-Alfred Schiff kuphela. Isincomo esiphuthumayo samukelwa emnyangweni we-Imperial of National Education and ProCRAGADA, eyayinomthwalo wemfanelo wokwenza izindondo ze-Torch eJalimane.
Ngama-Olimpiki angama-1936, iBeacon enobuhle yayiqhutshwa e-Olympia, ethempelini likaZeus, ngosizo lwesibuko, esakhiwa inkampani yaseJalimane iZeister Optics. Ilangabi lanqotshwa kusuka e-Athene kuye eBerlin e-Bulgaria, eYugoslavia, eHungary, e-Austria naseCzechoslovakia.
Ukuze umlilo ungaphumi
Umlilo wama-Olimpiki kufanele ufinyelele endishini enkundleni yezemidlalo enhlokodolobha yemidlalo ye-Necigas. Ukuze amalangabi awaphumanga, onjiniyela bacabanga ngokucophelela ngokwakhiwa kwezibani. Isibonelo, inkampani yaseJalimane iFriedrich Krupp yethule amaPhilitors ayisipele. Futhi, amakhemikhali aseJalimane adale into ye-magnesium evuthayo, isiza ukusekela ilangabi ngisho nomoya.Ubuchwepheshe obufanayo busetshenziswa emidlalweni eLondon ngo-1948, lapho kwasungulwa khona izifutho ezimbili. Kokunye, amaphilisi anokuvutha afakwa kwelinye, futhi ama-magnesium ashiswa ngomlilo, ngakho-ke ilangabi lihlala liyabonakala ekukhanyeni kwemini. Inketho yesibili yasetshenziswa esigabeni sokugcina sokudluliselwa, lapho kutholakala umsubathi waseBrithani uJohn Marku kule nkundla eWembley.
Kodwa-ke, ngisho nemiklamo eqinisekisiwe kanye nezinto ezintsha ezivuthayo kwesinye isikhathi azikwazi ukuvimba ukuthi akunakulungiswa. Enye yamacala anjalo yenzeka eMontreal. Emidlalweni yama-Olimpiki eCanada ngo-1976, umlilo walethwa ngendlela emisha - ngokusebenzisa isikhala. Nge-satellite, ilangabi ladluliswa lisuka e-Athene liye e-Ottawa, lapho kwakuvalwa khona isibani. Kwakuwukudluliselwa kokuqala komlilo kusuka kwelinye izwekazi kuya kwelinye. Kepha ngoJulayi 22, ngenxa yomoya wesivunguvungu, isitsha enkundleni eMontreal saphuma - kwadingeka ngisebenzise umthombo wokugcina ilangabi olethwe eGreece.
Lesi sigameko selangabi esicijile senzeke e-Olimpiki yasebusika e-sochi. Kwenzekile esigcawini esibomvu eMoscow, lapho isibani sithathwa nguShavarsh Vladimirovich karapety, iqhawe lesikhathi esiyisikhombisa ngesiyalo "iScuba Diving", umnikazi werekhodi eliphakeme lomhlaba. Umsebenzi we-FSO wasiza, owabuyisa ilangabi ngosizo lwesibani esilula.
Umlilo we-Olimpiki uphume futhi ngoMashi 2021, lapho kuqalwa idluliselwe eJapan. Lokhu kwenzeke esiteji somjaho eFukushima. Ngosizo lwesibani sesipele, ilangabi lalikhanya futhi, kanti i-arodo yaqhubeka nokugijima.
Indlela yomlilo we-Olimpiki
Kusukela lapho imidlalo ithole isikali sembulunga yonke, indlela yomlilo yama-Olimpiki yashintsha kaningi. Njalo ngonyaka, abahleli bokuncintisana beza nendlela yokuqala. Ilangabi lidluliselwe phakathi kwamazwekazi esikhala futhi ngisho nangaphansi kwamanzi. Ngo-2000, isazi sezinto eziphilayo zase-Australia uWendy Craig Duncan ubanjwe nelangabi le-Olimpiki e-Seabed ngokusebenzisa i-Big Barrier Reef. Ososayensi bakhuphuke ngethoshi elinokwakheka okukhazimulayo, okungelona igesi ngaphansi kwamanzi nokukhanya okukhishwe.
Icala kuma-Olimpiki eSydney akuyona ukuphela kweyodwa lapho umlilo uxhumane namanzi. Emidlalweni yasebusika eSochi, ilangabi lehliswe ezansi kweLake Baikal ku-Ustvyanka. Ukuhanjiswa ngaphansi kwamanzi kwenziwa i-Diversa-Torch. Ukushiswa kwagcinwa ngezindleko zedivayisi edlulisela amasiginali olwandle.
Ukuhlaselwa eTorch Olimpiki
Benze emlandweni wama-Olimpiki nokuhlaselwa ngomlilo ongokomfanekiso. Ngakho-ke, ngesikhathi sokudluliswa kwe-Brazil ngo-2016, ilangabi lalizama ukukhipha umuntu ongaziwa. Umhlaseli wakhipha igwebu legwebu evela esicishini somlilo e-Tortoronia, kepha inkantolo yokuqinisa umthetho imisiwe ngesikhathi, umlilo awuphumanga. Ngemuva kwalokho, okunye ukuhlaselwa kwenziwa umsubathi - indoda yaphuka ngocingo yahlasela umgijimi, izama ukukhipha ithoshi. La maphoyisa angenhla akwazi futhi ukukwazi ukuzuza.Icala elinelukuluku lenzeke ekudluliseleni ama-Olimpiki eJapan ngo-2021. Isakhamuzi sendawo esiphikisana nokubhekisisa umncintiswano phakathi kwe-coronavirus yokutheleleka yokutheleleka ngenxa yesibani sesibhamu samanzi futhi sazama ukukhipha ilangabi. Lokhu kwenzeke efundeni enyakatho-mpumalanga yeTokyo. Owesifazane ubambe abaphathi.
Ngubani oqambe umlilo we-Olimpiki
Ekudluliseleni kokuqala kwesitsha somlilo we-Olimpiki enkundleni yamkhanyisa umgijimi waseJalimane uFritz shilgen. Umsubathi uthole leli lungelo elihloniphekile lesitayela esihle sokusebenza. Isiko lamashadi avuthayo abasubathi abakhazinyulisiwe agcinwe kuze kube manje.
Phakathi kobuntu obudumile kakhulu abakhanyiswe ngumlilo wama-Olimpiki, Boxer Mohammed Ali. Kwenzekile emcimbini wokuvula we-Atlanta (USA) ngo-1996. Umsubathi ulethe ithoshi kwintambo yokuziguqula, ngakho-ke i-Flame Snake yakhuphuka esitsheni, esabukeka ngokubabazekayo.
Emcimbini wokuvula wokuvulwa kwemidlalo yama-Olimpiki ehlobo eMoscow ngawo-1980, umdlali we-Skyseball waseSoviet, umPhakathi we-Olimpiki wango-1972 uSergey Belov waba yilokugcina, okudluliselwe. Umsubathi wakhanyisa isitsha enkundleni eLuzhniki.
Kwesinye isikhathi ababambiqhaza bedluliselwe abahlali abasubathi, kepha abantu abajwayelekile ngisho nezingane. I-Montreal Olimpiki ngo-1976 ayikhunjulwa hhayi ilangabi kuphela. Nge-Bowl enkundleni, elinye icala lokuzijabulisa lixhunyiwe. Lapho-ke umlilo wama-Olimpiki wakhanyisa intsha emibili - uStephen u-Preverrontein noSandra Henderson, obufanekisela ubumbano beCanada. Lo mfo wamelela ingxenye ekhuluma isiFulentshi yezwe, futhi intombazane ikhuluma isiNgisi.