I-Biograge
Imisebenzi yomlobi odumile wasePolish Gerchi Sentevichst Booketich Ofly Over Over The World afundwa kulolu suku, namazwi akhe ahlakaniphile ahlukanisa izingcaphuno. Umklomelo womklomelo weNobel wenye yamanoveli angcono kakhulu omlando "Kamo Fight" ngomsebenzi wawo uvusa umoya kazwelonke wePoliyakov futhi wethula umhlaba wonke ngamasiko, amasiko nomlando wezwe lomdabu.Ubuntwana nentsha
UHenrik Adam Alexander Pius Sentevich washicilelwa ngoMeyi 5, 1846 edolobhaneni laseVolya-Oaksiusk embusweni wasePoland. Izihlobo zakhe ezivela kuYise zazingamaTatar azamukela ukholo lwamaKatolika futhi zathuthela ePoland. Ngokusho komugqa womama, umlobi wawuhanjelwe yiGena lamaNogori Belarusians. Kodwa-ke, abazali bakaHerrid bazibheka njengezigxobo ezigcwele futhi badlulisela umbono onjalo nendodana yakhe nezingane ezinhlanu.
Umndeni womfana unezinkinga ngezezimali. Uyise, ongumnikazi womhlaba, waphetha ngokungazelelwe. Ngalesi sizathu, uSenkehichi wayevame ukususwa ezindaweni eziya endaweni. UHerrik wamunca ubuhle obuhlungu bemvelo yasemakhaya nobisi lukamama. Lapho zonke izifunda zomndeni zithengiswa, kwadingeka ziye enhlokodolobha yasePoland Warsaw.
Naphezu kosizi, uHenrik Skekevich, owayejwayele yithemba yena kuphela, ngesithunzi sathola imfundo ephakeme. Waphothula iziqu eWarsaw Gymnasium, ngemuva kwalokho wangena esikoleni esiyinhloko, eyavalwa ngo-1869. Emva kwalokho, lo mfo (ekugcizeleleni kwabazali) udlulise ngempumelelo izivivinyo eyunivesithi yendawo e-Medical Fakty, kodwa ngenxa yokuntuleka kwenzalo ezifundweni ezishintshelwe emlandweni nasengosizini.
Emuva eminyakeni yabafundi, le nsizwa yenza imizamo yokubhala imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala - isisulu sakhe esivusiwe sabizwa ngokuthi "isisulu", kepha le ndaba ayishicilelwanga.
Ufuna indlela yokuziphilisa, umfundi uthathe i-pseudonym lithuania waqala ukubhala izindatshana, ama-eseyi kanye nama-eseyi ama-ahlukene ama-warsaw ("nivela", "iphephandaba lasePoland". Indlela yakhe emisha yokubhala nokukhanya okukhanyayo kwaziswa masinyane emibuthanweni yobuntatheli, ngakho-ke uHerrik waphonsa izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi futhi wanikela ngaso sonke isikhathi sakhe.
Izincwadi
Isikhulu sokuqala sokubhala esisemthethweni sendoda yenzeka ngo-1872. Ushicilele indaba ethi "FAME", abagxeki nabafundi abaye bafika kahle. UHerrik waqhubeka nokubhala ngenkuthalo imisebenzi yakhe futhi eshicilelwe.
Ukubuya ohambweni lwebhizinisi e-United States of America ngo-1876, umlobi wabhala izindaba nezindatshana eziningana eziphefumulelwe uhambo lokuhamba kanye nokungabonakali kwangaphandle. Abathandwa kakhulu babo bathola amagama "amahlaya amahlandla", "ngokusebenzisa izinyathelo", "ezweni legolide" kanye "nezincwadi ezivela ohambweni." Ekugcineni, umbhali uchaze amasiko nsuku zonke asebeMelika, okuvelayo kokuhambela amakhonsathi, imikhankaso yabavakashi kanye nokuphuma kwezidingo.
Emva kwalokho, uSenkehich waya phambili emazweni aseYurophu, lapho aqamba khona inoveli entsha ye-Yanko-Music ngo-1878. Ukubeka isandla kuhlobo lwePracese Elincane, umfana wanquma ukuzwa amandla akhe ngokubhala imisebenzi emikhulu kakhudlwana. E-Epoch of expand expand eMbusweni waseRussia, lapho imfashini yezepolitiki ye-POOPA ifakiwe isebenza emicimbini yamanje ezweni kanye nomhlaba, uHenrik wanquma ukuphikisana nonoveli ongumlando.
Waba negama elithi "umlilo nenkemba", waba umsebenzi wokuqala omkhulu kwi-bibliography yombhali osemusha. Lo msebenzi washicilelwa ngonyaka we-1884 ngaphakathi kohlaka lwephephabhuku "umngani wabantu" futhi wathola impumelelo emangalisa, ngenxa yalokho kwaphrinta incwadi ehlukile egcwele. "Umlilo nenkemba" kwaba yingxenye yokuqala ye-trilogy emhlabeni wonke mayelana nenkulumo eyenziwe ngenhlanganisela.
IRoma lalandiswa maphakathi nekhulu le-17, lapho i-Commander of Bogdan Khmelnitsky yenzeka kanyekanye nezindawo zase-Ukraine. Umgomo oyinhloko womsebenzi, njengoba umbhali athi, kwakuwukuphakamisa umoya kazwelonke wezigxobo zezwe ngesikhathi sokuhlukaniswa ezweni kanye nokwamukela okuthandwayo.
Obunye ubuntu obungokomlando bakhulunywa ngakhulunywa ngalo 'emlilweni nenkemba' - u-Ivan Bogun, Khmelnitsky, Tugai Bay nabanye. Futhi encwadini kwakukhona indawo yonxantathu wothando phakathi komlingiswa ophambili we-yan skilsky, ubuhle - inkosana u-Elena Kurtssech noColonel Ivan Bogun.
Ngenxa yempumelelo enkulu yenoveli yomlando, uHerrik wathatha ngokushesha ukubhala ukuqhubeka. Ingxenye yesibili ye-trilogy ebizwa ngokuthi "uzamcolo" wabona ukukhanya ngoDisemba 1884, kwanyatheliswa ngokushesha emaphephandabeni amathathu - Czas, "izwi" noDziennik Poznanski. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wadedelwa incwadi ehlukile.
Inoveli yakhuluma ngempi phakathi kwamaSweden nezigxobo, kanye nesiphetho esithe xaxa sabafundi besibali, uMikeala Vododevsky nepani likaCharl. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqhawe asemqoka avele anguColonel Angey Kmitsa no-Olenkaich wakhe othandekayo. Incwadi ithole ukuthandwa ngisho kwengxenye yokuqala.
Ngo-1887, kwashicilelwa ingxenye yokugcina ye-trilogy, enesihloko esithi igama lomlingiswa ophambili "Pan Vollodaevsky". Lezi zincwadi zaxoxwa ngazo ngezithuthuthu eziphakathi kwamaTurks kanye neCommonwealth, kanye nokufa kwamaqhawe kukaMikala Vododevsky.
Ngemuva kwempumelelo engakaze ibonwe ngaphambili kwe-trilogy ngaphansi kwepeni lomlobi, kwavela eminye imilando yobuciko bomlando, kodwa bathola ukuthandwa okuncane. Okuhlukile kungabizwa ngokuthi "ngaphandle kwemfundiso", okuhlukile kubo bonke ngaphambi kwalokho ngibhale umlobi wasePoland. Izothando lwengqondo ezimelelwa amarekhodi edayari agcwele ukuhlaziya nokuzihlaziya kwemvelo.
Ngalesi sikhathi, ikhanda likaHenrid laqala ukubhala inoveli ngoMbuso WaseRoma ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaNero nabalingisi abaphambili - amaKristu okukholwa athathe isikhundla sokwesaba ukufa. Incwadi ibizwa nge- "Kamo ehleli" (Quo Vadis), eyayihunyushelwa olimini oludala lweSlavonic isho "ukuthi uyaphi?", Futhi enyatheliswa ngo-1896.
Inoveli, ukulandisa ngothando lothando lwaseRoma uPatricia Mark Vinitia kanye namaKristu asemasha aseLigius, adume kakhulu kakhulu ePoland, adluliswa ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-50 emhlabeni wonke futhi wabelwa nguPape uqobo. Impumelelo ye- "Kamo Fights" yasiza uSenkech ukuthola umklomelo kaNobel ezincwadini ngo-1905. Iqiniso elithandekayo ukuthi kwakuyinoveli evikelekile kakhulu - amahlandla ama-7. Onke amafilimu angaphezu kwama-20 asuselwa kwimisebenzi yeSenkevich aphuma.
Indatshana elandelayo e-Biography Biography yaseHenrik yanikezelwa esihlokweni sayo esiyithandayo - umlando wezwe lomdabu. Inoveli ethi "Crusaders", enyatheliswa ekushicilelweni 'kombuso wezincwadi zakwamanye amazwe' ngo-1897, yalwa nokulima, okubuswa yiMoli kuleyo minyaka ePoland. Encwadini, wakhombisa izwe lakubo ngesikhathi sakhe se-HeyDay kanye nokuzimela. Njengasemisebenzini edlule, umbhali wawela emlandweni ongumlando womugqa wothando phakathi kwendodakazi kaYuray Danushi kanye ne-Knight Magazine encane. Le noveli yadluliselwa ezilimini ezingama-25.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngaphezu komsebenzi wokudala osebenzayo, uGerhritis Sentervich waphinde wakhipha impilo yomuntu siqu egcwele - washada amahlandla ama-3. Umfazi wokuqala womlobi uMaria Shetkevich ngokudabukisayo ngenxa yesifo sofuba, kodwa wakwazi ukunika umyeni wakhe indodana nendodakazi enhle. Umshado wabo uthathe iminyaka emi-4.
Unkosikazi olandelayo waseSentevich waba nguMaria Volodkovich, owakhula e-Odessa. Ubudlelwano babo bethule kungekudala - lona wesifazane wafaka isehlukaniso ngemuva nje komshado.
Okokugcina uHerrik wahamba ngaphansi komqhele ngo-1904 - uMaria Babskaya waba yinhloko yakhe. Noma owesibili, noma umfazi wesithathu wombhali, kwavela izingane ezihlangene. Uma ukholelwa ukuthi uPhitoPort ngesithombe sabesifazane beSenkevich, singaphetha ngokuthi umlobi waba nokunambitheka okuhle - konke lokhu kubukeka kwangempela okuthathu.
Ukushona
Ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe II, uSentevich wathuthela eSwitzerland. Lapho, waba ngumsunguli weKomidi Losizo Yezigxobo, izisulu zeHubo.
Ezinhlelweni zakhe zokubhala kwakukhona ukubhala kwenoveli entsha ebizwa ngokuthi "Amabutho", kepha ukufa kombhali jikelele ngaphambi kokuqala kwangaphambilini ukwedlula umsebenzi - ngoNovemba 15, 1916. Imbangela yokufa yayiyisifo senhliziyo esingu-Ischemic, lapho ahlushwa khona eminyakeni edlule yokuphila kwakhe. Le ndoda yayineminyaka engama-70.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1878 - "I-Yannko-Musian"
- 1884 - "Umlilo nenkemba"
- 1886 - "uzamcolo"
- Ngo-1887 - "IPan Volodaevsky"
- Ngo-1888 - "Lowo Owesithathu"
- Ngo-1891 - "Ngaphandle kwemfundiso"
- Ngo-1894 - "Umndeni wePolansky"
- Ngo-1895 - "Ama-Kamo Sights"
- 1900 - "Ama-Crusaders"
- 1910 - "Ama-Omuts"