Biography
Imisebenzi yombhali wasePoland ye-Gerchi Sensist Browlist osuka kwihlabathi jikelele ifundwa unanamhla, kwaye amazwi akhe alumkileyo ayakhwaza. I-Nobel Parnenen Winner yenye yezona mpawu zibalaseleyo zembali "ngomsebenzi wayo uphakamisa umoya wesizwe we-polyakov kwaye wazisa ihlabathi liphela kunye nembali yomhlaba wokuzalwa.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UHenrik uAdam Alexander Pius se-Senkevich wapapashwa nge-8 kaMeyi, malunga no-1846 kwilali yasePoyansa-oaksius. Izizalwane zakhe kuBawo yayizitata zayamkela inkolelo yamaKatolika kwaye zafudukela ePoland. Ngokutsho komgca woomama, umbhali ebezinyaswe yiGenaya yamaBalasia. Nangona kunjalo, abazali bakaHerrid bazigqala njengezibonda ezazigculelwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye badlulisela ukuqonda kunyana wakhe kunye nabantwana abahlanu.
Intsapho yenkwenkwe yayineengxaki ngemali. Utata wakhe, ongumnini-mhlaba, uphelile ngokungalindelekanga. Ngesi sizathu, iSenkevini yayihlala isuka kwindawo ukuya kwindawo. I-Harrik ithathe ubuhle obuhlungu kwendalo yasemaphandleni nobisi lukamama. Xa onke amacandelo osapho athengiselwe, kwafuneka bafudukele kwikomkhulu lePoland Warsaw.
Ngaphandle kwentlungu, uHenrik oselula waseHenevich, owayeqhelene nethemba kuye, ngesidima sifumene imfundo ephezulu. Waphumelela eWarsaw Gymnasium, emva koko wangena kwisikolo esiphambili, esasivaliwe ngo-1869. Emva koko, lo mfo (ngokunyanzelisa abazali) waphumelela ngempumelelo iimviwo kwiYunivesithi yasekuhlaleni, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho komdla kwizifundo eziguquliweyo kwimbali kunye nephingezela.
Emva kwiminyaka yabafundi, lo mfana wenza imizamo yokuqamba imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala-i-Debut yakhe evuswayo yabizwa ngokuba "ixhoba", kodwa ibali alipapashwa.
Ukukhangela indlela yokuphila, umfundi wathabatha iPseuduudem Lithuania kwaye waqala ukubhala amanqaku, izincoko kunye nesincoko ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zeWarsaw ("Niva", "ePoland". Indlela yakhe eyoyileyo yokubhala nokukhanya ixabele ngokukhawuleza malunga nesangqa esibonakalayo, ke uHerok waphosa izifundo zakhe eyunivesithi kwaye wachitha lonke ixesha lakhe.
Iincwadi
Igosa lokuqala lokubhala phantsi le ndoda lenzeka ngo-1872. Wapapasha ibali "ukuqala", abagxeki nabafundi befikile. UHarrik waqhubeka nokuqulunqa imisebenzi yakhe kwaye wapapashwa.
Ukubuya kuhambo lweshishini e-United States of American ngo-1876, umbhali wabhala amabali aliqela kunye nezincoko eziphefumlelweyo ngohambo kunye nobomi obungazange babonwe ngaphambili. Eyona nto ithandwayo yawo ifumana amagama athi "uHleyani kwiimpazamo", "ngo-Steppes", "kwilizwe legolide" kunye "neeleta ezivela kuhambo." Kombhali, umbhali wachaza izithethe zemihla ngemihla kubantu baseMelika, iimpembelelo zawo zokundwendwela iikonsathi, amaphulo okhenketho kunye nohambo.
Emva koko, i-Senkevich iya kwimigama emide kumazwe aseYurophu, ngexesha awabuqalisela inoveli entsha ye-Yoko-Musian. Ukubeka isandla kuhlobo lweprosethi encinci, lo mfo wagqiba kwelokuba afumane amandla akhe ngokubhala imisebenzi enkulu enkulu. Kwi-epoch ye-poland yobukhuphiswano lwaseRussia, xa imfazwe yePoland iqukwa yiminyhadala yangoku kwilizwe nakwihlabathi, uHenrik wagqiba kwelokuba ahambe ngokuchasene nenoveli yangoku kwaye iqalise inoveli yembali.
Ufumene igama elithi "umlilo kunye nekrele", ukuba ngumsebenzi wokuqala wokuqala kwi-bibliography yombhali oselula. Umsebenzi wapapashwa ngo-1884 ngaphakathi kwesakhelo sejenali "umhlobo wabantu" kwaye wafumana impumelelo enkulu, enkosi ekuhambeni kwazo kungekudala kwakuphunyezwe incwadi epheleleyo. "Umlilo nekrele" yaba yinxalenye yokuqala yohambo lwehlabathi liphela malunga nentetho ngokwenza into.
I-Roma ibalisa malunga nenkulungwane ye-17, xa isiswelo somphathi waseBogdan Khmelnitsnits senze kunye ne-Ukssack yaseUkraine. Eyona njongo iphambili yomsebenzi, njengoko umbhali wathi, yayikukuphakamisa umoya wesizwe ngezibonda ngexesha lokwahlukana elizweni kunye novukelo oludumileyo.
Olunye uhlobo lwembali lwalubizwa ngokuba "ngumlilo kunye nekrele" - uIvan Bogun, Khmelnitsky, Tugait, nabanye. Kwincwadi eyayikho indawo yonxantathu wothando phakathi komlinganiswa ophambili we-Yan Skilsky, inkosana yase-Elena Elnach kunye ne-colonel ivan.
Ngenxa yempumelelo enkulu yenoveli yembali, i-Harrik yathatha kwangoko ukubhala ukuqhubeka. Inxalenye yesibini ye-trilogy ibizwa ngokuba "kukhula" yabona ukukhanya ngoDisemba 1884, yaprintwa kwangoko kumaphephandaba amathathu - Cza, i-Dziennik Poznanski. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wakhululwa incwadi eyahlukileyo.
Inoveli yayithetha ngemfazwe phakathi kweSwedede kunye nezibonda, kunye nekamva labafundi, uMikala Vodedeevsky kunye nepani ye-charl. Ngeli xesha, amagorha aphambili avela i-Colonel Kangel KMITITA kunye ne-Olewana ethandekayo i-Billeichvich. Incwadi ifumene ukuthandwa kwenxalenye yokuqala.
Ngo-1887, inxenye yokugqibela ye-Trilogy yapapashwa, inelungelo ngegama lomlinganiswa ophambili "kwi-pan vololeevsky". Ezi ncwadi zaxoxwa malunga nobutshaba phakathi kweeTurks kunye neLizwe le-Commonwealth, kunye nokufa kuka-vikala ye-mingala vodedeevsky.
Emva kwempumelelo engazange iphumelele i-trilogy ivela phantsi kwepeni yombhali, imisebenzi eyahlukileyo yembali iphume, kodwa bayifumene inyani. Ngaphandle kokuba kubizwa ngokuba "ngaphandle kwenja", nto leyo eyahlukileyo kuyo yonke loo nto ngaphambili ndaqamba umbhali wasePoland. Umanyano lwengqondo lubonisa iirekhodi zedayari ezaliswe kukuzihlaziya kunye nokuzimisela.
Ngeli xesha, intloko kaHenrid yeza kuqalisa inoveli ngoBukhosi baseRoma ngexesha lolawulo lukaNero kunye nabadlali abaphambili - abalikholo abathathela ingqalelo uloyiko lokufa. Incwadi ibizwa ngokuba yi "Kamo Ged" (i-vadis), eguqulela ulwimi lwakudala luthetha "apho uya khona?", Kwaye wapapashwa ngo-1896.
Inoveli, inobangela malunga nothando lwePatricia yaseRoma uMark Vinitia kunye namaKristu aselula eLigaus, waduma ngaphaya kweelwimi ezingaphezu kwama-50 kwihlabathi liphela kwaye waqaliswa ngoopopu. Impumelelo ye "KAMA Flos" yanceda i-Senkevich ukuba ifumane amabhaso kaNobel kuncwadi ngo-1905. Inyaniso enomdla kukuba le noveli ekhuselekile kangangezihlandlo ezisi-7. Zonke iifilimu ezingama-20 ezisekwe kwimisebenzi yeSekevich yaphuma.
Isincoko esilandelayo kwi-biography yendalo yaseHenrik sasinikelwa kwisihloko sakhe asithandayo - imbali yelizwe lemveli. "I-Noves" inoveli ", epapashwe xa kupapashwa 'kwe-herald yoncwadi lwabantu" ngo-1897, lalwa neJamani, elalilawulwa nguMoli. Encwadini, wabonisa ilizwe lakhe ngexesha lakhe heyday kunye nenkululeko. Njengakwimisebenzi yangaphambili, umbhali ongumbhali wawa kwi-canvas yembali yomgca wothando phakathi kwentombi ka-Yuray Dashi kunye neMagazini eKanan. Inoveli yatshintshelwa kwiilwimi ezingama-25.
Ubomi Buqu
Ukongeza kumsebenzi wokuyila osebenzayo, uGehritis Senkevich wakhupha kwakhona ubomi bomntu ogudileyo - wayetshatile. Umfazi wokuqala wombhali uMariahetchvich kabuhlungu wafa sisifo sephepha, kodwa wakwazi ukumnika indoda nentombi nentombi entle. Umtshato wabo uthathe iminyaka emi-4.
Umfazi olandelayo waseSekevich waba nguMaria Volodkovich, owakhulela eOdessa. Ulwalamano lwabo lwasunguli kamsinya kamsinya - umfazi wafaka uqhawulo mtshato emva nje komtshato.
Okokugqibela i-Herrik yayihamba phantsi kwesithsaba ngo-1904 - uMaria Babsala waba yinkosi yakhe. Nokuba owesibini mhle nokuba ngumbhali wombhali, abantwana abadibeneyo bavela. Ukuba uyakholelwa kwimifanekiso enomfanekiso weSekevich abafazi, sinokugqiba kwelokuba umbhali unencasa entle-zonke izinto ezintathu zokwenyani.
Ukufa
Ekuqaleni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, i-Senkevich yafudukela eSwitzerland. Waba ngumsunguli weKomiti yokuNceda iZiboli, amaxhoba obutshaba.
Kwisicwangciso sakhe soncwadi apho sasibhalwa inoveli entsha ebizwa ngokuba yi "imikhosi", kodwa ukusweleka kombhali opheleleyo ngaphambi kokuba akwazi ukugqiba umsebenzi - NOVEMBA 15, 1916. Unobangela wokufa yayisisifo sentliziyo, apho wayebandezeleka khona ngokweminyaka yokugqibela yobomi bakhe. Indoda yayineminyaka engama-70 ubudala.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1878 - "Yoko-umculo"
- 1884 - "umlilo kunye nekrele"
- Ngo-1886 - "UMGANGATHO"
- I-1887 - "I-PAN VODAEEVSKY"
- 1888 - "Okwesithathu
- Ngo-1891 - "ngaphandle kwenja"
- Ngo-1894 - "Usapho lwePolansky"
- Ngo-1895 - "Jonga iKamo"
- I-1900 - "Abakrwada"
- I-1910 - "I-Omuts"