I-Biograge
INessor, indela yesigodlo saseKiev-Pecherk, ithathwa njengombhali we- "Tale of Bressone iminyaka" - Isikhumbuzo sezincwadi zasendulo zaseRussia kanye nesiko leSlavic. Ngenxa yalomsebenzi oyigugu, i-Aguiogroograph yathola isihloko esithi "Ubaba Wemlando WaseRussia." Isonto lama-Orthodox lanikeza uConcol to the honors, limsukela ebusweni bamaNgcwele. NgoNovemba 9, amakholwa agubha usuku lomdubuli kaNestor weSikhumbuzo.Ukhanda
UNestor Redoreler, kanye neNestor Pechersky, noma iNestor Kiev (ngegama lesigodlo sezindela, lapho asebenza khona), ephila ngezikhathi ezithile ezaziwa ngalo kancane. Emibikweni yomlando, imininingwane ebalulekile evela e-biography of saint, kepha njengoba indela yangempela igwema inkazimulo yabantu, ubuqiniso bale mininingwane buyingozi.
Izazi-mlando zibonisa ukuthi uSanta wazalwa cishe ngo-1056. Impilo ka-Revendend Nestor Redoorlekwer evela kumqokeleli "Kiev-Pechersky Catema" "etshela ukuthi yena, ube yinsizwa eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, waya ezindongeni zesigodlo sezindela, lapho akhiwa nguMfu Pecherk. Ngokusho kwama-canons of the Church ngaphambi kokuthatha ubumbano, kwakudingeka ukuthi ahlolwe i-novice, okwakuthatha iminyaka eminingi.
Ngo-1074, uTheodosius Pechersky ushonile, okuthunyelwe kweHegumen kwamukela uStefanu. Ngaphansi kwaso, uNestor uthinte izindela. NgokweziKronike, uStefanu wahlala ekhanda lesigodlo saseKiev-Pechersk iminyaka engu-4, ngakho-ke iSan San Nestor yamukele esikhathini kuze kube ngu-1078.
Kungenzeka ukuthi osanta bajwayelane noFeodosius: KwakuyisiSter ngo-1091 sokuthi isibusiso sikaSt John saveza indawo yokungcwaba umeluleki. Eminyakeni ye- "Tale of Bregone", le micimbi iyachazwa. Umbhali ukhuluma ngaye kumuntu wokuqala, mayelana "nangoLaurunt Ioka", kepha igama alibizi. Igama likaNestor lishiwo okokuqala endabeni mayelana nokudluliswa kwezingcweli ze-Feodosia kuphela ngo-1462.
Uma uNeltor futhi wayejwayelene ne-feodosius, kwavela mathupha ukuxhumana, uma kwenzeka kungenzeka. Ekupheleni kwe- "Life of Feodosia Pechersk", umlobi wawo ocacile, uyiNestor, kukhonjisiwe:
"Konke okushiwo ngenhla nge-feodosia yethu ebusisiweyo, ebuza, ngifunde kobaba asebekhulile abakhulile."Impilo esigodini saseKiev-Pechersk yayisuselwa ekungazimiseni okuqinile: Ukudla okulalelayo kwakuncike - isinkwa ngamanzi, isikhathi esithile sachithwa emahoreni amaningi emithandazo nemicabango ngokuhle. Impilo yomuntu siqu yeNestor yanikezelwa emlandweni weRussia yasendulo. I-aguuiroograph yokuqala yo-aguarary yaqala ukubhala cishe ngo-1095 kuJohn John.
Unyaka wokuzalwa kweNestor kunqunywa yize cishe, kepha nakanjani. Imibono yezazi-mlando ngosuku lokufa luyokwehluka kakhulu.
Ngo-1113, umsebenzi ongcwele ophelile ebhodini lokuqala lokuhlela "inganekwane yeminyaka." Kusukela lapho, incwadi yeziKronike ezazivela ngaphansi kwepeni laseNestor ayiphumanga. Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, i-novice yesigodlo saseKiev-Pechersk sanquma ukugxila ekukhulekeleni. Emithandazweni nangokuthunyelwe, sekudlule iminyaka embalwa, futhi uNelstor ushone kwikota yokuqala yekhulu le-XII. Ososayensi abangameleli osolwa ngokusetshenziswa kwemibhalo bafakazela ukuthi ushonile ngo-1114-111111.
Ku- "Kiev-Pechersk Capema" akuqukethe imininingwane ngokubonakala kweNesor. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kwe-forensic kwe-USCOW Sergey Nikitin, eyaziwa ngokuyinhloko ekwakhiweni kokwakhiwa kabusha kwepulasitiki kwemifanekiso ngokuya nge-Gebane gerasimov, yakwazi ukuphinda ubuso bosanta. Ungowesibazi esidumile kakhulu seNestor.
USergey Nikitina wayenenhlanhla ngokwanele ukuba angaboni, kodwa futhi nasekutadisheni amandla eNesor. Ngosayizi we-skull, uchwepheshe wanquma ukuthi ukukhula komfundi kwakungaphakeme kune-160 cm. Ukulinganiswa okuqondile okuqondile kohlaka lwamathambo ekhanda kukhombisa ukuthi i-Nestor inesandla sokudla, futhi uhlelo lokudambisa lukhombisa Ukuthi indela ishonile ejulile - iminyaka engama-70 noma engama-80. Imbangela yokufa yayingeyona udlame.
IziKronike
INestor ibhekwe ngumbhali okungenani wemisebenzi emithathu, into esemqoka okuvela kuyo "inganekwane yeminyaka edlule." Ekugxekeni kwemibhalo, izisebenzi zibizwa nangokuthi "Umlando Woqobo", ngoba kungumgwaqo wokuqala wakudala - osufike kulo nyaka, noma "uNestorova Chronucle".
"I-Tale of the Time Year" ihlanganiswa nesikhathi esithe xaxa - kusuka ezikhathini ezisebhayibhelini kuya ku-1117. I-Chronicle yadonswa ngo-1110-1118 ngabalobi abaningana, uma bethatha njengesisekelo sohlobo lokufa kweNesor ngo-1115, kepha abantu abaphumule abuziwa. Ngokokuqala ngqa, "inganekwane yeminyaka yasendulo" yasayinwa ngegama leNestor ohlwini lwamaKhlebnikov oluphakathi kwekhulu le-XVI.
Indaba iqala ngoNovemba, amadodana amathathu abelana ngomhlaba. UNestor uchaza ukuthi abantu bavela kuphi - amaJalimane, uRus, ehlukana futhi avela kanjani imizi yasendulo yaseRussia.
Usuku lokuqala okukhulunywa ngalo 'ku-Tale of Bhgone Addon ", iba ngu-852, lapho kwavela umhlaba waseRussia. I-New Geographic Point isuselwe ku-Rurik, eTrouthway noSineus. Ngokushesha umnikazi ogcwele uba rurik. Isiqephu esikhanyayo nesikhumbulekayo sale ncwadi, ojwayelene nesikole sesikole, ukufa kuka-Oleg, inzalo kaRurik, kusukela ekulumeni kwenyoka, crane kusuka ekhanda lohlanga oluthembekile lwenkosana.
Okulandelayo, uNestor ukhuluma kafushane ngokubusa kukaPrince Igor, unkosikazi wakhe u-Olga noSvyatoslav, mayelana nokuxhashazwa kwe-Yaropolk futhi, ekugcineni, mayelana nobhapathizo lweRussia eVladimir ngo-988. Isikhulu sokugcina esishiwo 'ngenganekwane yeminyaka edlule', uVladimir Momomakh uba.
INerontar, njengendoda yama-Orthodox, kwakubalulekile ukusho ngokholo lwayo, ngakho-ke isihloko sobuKristu senzeka encwadini yentambo ebomvu: Kusukela ama-Allezies eBhayibhelini nokuphetha ngencazelo yezehlakalo zaphezulu ezihambisana nobhapathizo lukaNkulunkulu inqubo.
IMonk ibhala ukuthi uNkulunkulu uqukethe "izehlakalo ezintathu": ubaba, indodana nomoya ongcwele, ukuthi usezulwini uzungezwe izingelosi. Uphikisana namademoni angekho esihogweni, njengoba kubhekwa nanamuhla, kodwa e "nakwalasha." Ubhapathizo lweRussia Nestor luchaza njengendlela yokusindisa ubuntu ekungazini nasekulingweni. Labo abahola indlela elungile, efanelekile indawo eduze kwaZimu ezulwini.
Owesibili (kodwa hhayi ekulahleni kwezikhathi) okubhalwe phansi, okuthiwa yi-narmer, - "Kufundza ngekuphila futhi mayelana ne-crevice ye-strastierpsy boris ne-gleb", noma "impilo ne-gleb."
UBoris noGlebi - abantwana basePrince Vladimir, umlando wokuhlonishwa nokuthobeka, okufa ezandleni zomfowethu osantayo. I-Chronicle ibhaliwe eCanon Life-Martyrie. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sokuvikela umbhubhisi wakho, uBoris noGleb bathandaza, bafuna ukwenza ukufa kukafel'rt kunalokho. I-Chronicle izinsuku emuva ngonyaka ka-1110.
Umsebenzi wesithathu eNestor, ufinyelele kancane kulolu suku lwanamuhla, "impilo kababa owenza sengathi uyise we-feodosia yethu, uHegumen Pecherskago," noma nje "impilo kaFeodosia Pechersk". Kwadalwa kungakapheli u-1088. E-Chronicle utshela ngendlela ye-Feodosia kusukela kwazalwa kuze kube sekufeni. Ingxenye ebalulekile inikelwe e-Igotum.
Ukukhumbula
UNestor Redonoler wahlelwa emasontweni ama-Orthodox aseRussia namaRoma Katolika. Kusukela amaSlav, inkumbulo yakhe igujwe ngoNovemba 9, ngasikhathi sinye ngosuku lokubhala nolimi lwesi-Ukraine. Izingcweliswa zombutho ongcwele emihumeni yeKiev-Pechersk Lavra.
INessor, njenganoma ngubani, evame ukuvezwa ezithombeni, kepha eminingi yemisebenzi ilahlekelwe ngumlobi. Enye yezinto ezibonakalayo ezaziwa kakhulu ezibukwayo zeNgcwele isithombe seViktor Vasnetova "Nestor-Realingler", zibhalwe ngo-1885-1893. Okwangempela kugcinwa kugalari ye-Tretakov.
Izikhumbuzo zesikhumbuzo sikaNestor zitholakala eKiev, uVladimir, eBorispol. Esigodlweni sendabuko sabangcwele, ithempeli elilodwa liqanjwe ngowesilisa owenziwe ngokwenza lokho.
IziKronike
- I-1088 - "Impilo kaMfu Chaza We-Feodosia yethu, Heguman Pecherskago"
- 1110 - "Kufundza ngekuphila nangobungcweti be-Passion ebusisekile ekuqaleni kwe-boris ne-gleb"
- 1110-11118 - "I-Tale of Bhegone Add"