Biography
Nestor, monk of the kiev-pechersk monastery, inoonekwa semunyori we "ngarava yemakore" - chifananidzo kune tsika yekare yeRussia uye tsika yerusimbe. Kutenda kune ino basa rinokosha, iyo aguiograffer yakagamuchira zita rekuti "baba venhoroondo yeRussia." Chechi yeOrthodox yakapa monk kune vanokudza, vachimutuka pamberi pevatsvene. Musi waNovember 9, vatendi vanopemberera zuva rekurangarira kwechirangaridzo Chirangaridzo.Fate
Nestor anonzi Nestor Pecherverky, kana Nestor Kiev (zita remugodhi, raakashandira), akararama panguva iyo zvishoma anozivikanwa nhasi nhasi. Mumishumo yenhoroondo, ruzivo rwakakosha kubva kuBiography of Saint, asi sezvo Mamambo echokwadi anodzivisa mbiri yevanhu, chokwadi cheruzivo urwu rwakajeka.
Vanyori venhoroondo vanoratidza kuti saint yakazvarwa munenge muna 1056. Hupenyu hweReverend chinoramba chingongororazve kubva kumuunganidzi "JEV-Pechersky Catema" anoudza iye murume wechidiki ane makore 17, akaenda kumadziro emamongi, apo ivo vakavaka naTeodhiosiy Pechersk. Maererano neCanons yeChechi vasati vatora monastikicism, zvaive zvakafanira kuti tiwane muedzo wevanhurume, iro dzimwe nguva raitora makore akawanda.
Muna 1074, TheDoodosius Pecherverky akafa, posvo yemuhegumen akagamuchira Stephenger. Pasi payo, Nestor yabata mamongi. Sekureva kweMatehwe, Stefani akagara pamusoro peimba yeKiev-Pechersk yemakore mana, saka San San Nestor akabvuma munguva kusvika 1078.
Izvo zvinokwanisika kuti musande wacho aiziva foodosius: Yaive Nestor muna 1091 iyo iyo Chikomborero cheSt. Johane akazivisa nzvimbo yekuviga yemupi wemupi. Mu "ngano yemakore", izvi zviitiko zvinotsanangurwa. Iye munyori anotaura nezvake mumunhu wekutanga, sekunge "Laurent Inoka", asi zita racho haritumire. Zita raNestor rinotanga kutaurwa munyaya yekuchinjirwa kwezvinhu zveFeodosia chete muna 1462.
Kana Nestor uye aiziva neFoodosius, saka zvaisave zvisingawanzo kutaura, kana zvaiwanzoitika. Pakupera kwe "Hupenyu hweFoodosia Pechersk", munyori weiyo ari chokwadi, ndiNestor, zvinoratidzwa:
"Zvese zvakange zvataurwa pamusoro pazvo zvakarikamiswa feodosia, achibvunza kuti, ndakadzidza kubva kuna madzibaba vakuru vakakurira."Hupenyu muKiev-Pechersk Monastery yaive yakavakirwa pakurebaya Hupenyu hwega hweNestor hwakatsaurirwa munhoroondo yeRussia yekare. Wekutanga Annulary AguioGrher akatanga kunyora kwakatenderedza 1095 pana Johane John.
Gore rekuzvarwa reNestor rakatemwa kunyange zvakadaro, asi zvechokwadi. Mafungiro evanyori venhoroondo nezvezuva rerufu achasiyana zvakanyanya.
MUNYAYA 1113, dzvene rakapera basa pabhodhi rekutanga "ngarava yemakore." Kubva ipapo, Mboni kubva pasi pepeni yeNestor haina kubuda. Sekureva kweimwe yenhanduro, iyo novice yeiyo Kiev-Pechersk Monasterytery yakasarudza kutarisa nezvekunamata. Muminamato uye nezvinyorwa, mamwe makore mashoma apfuura, uye Nestor akafa muchikamu chekutanga cheiyo Xii century. Masayendisiti vasingamiriri mutsaoni mukusaita basa rekuverenga zvinopupurira kuti akafa muna 1114-1115.
Mu "Kiev-Pecherverk catema" haina ruzivo nezve chitarisiko cheNesor. Nekudaro, kuongororwa kukuru kweSergew Sergey Nikitin, anozivikanwa nekuvakazve kwepurasitiki kwemifananidzo zvinoenderana nenzira yeThe Scull naMikhail Gerasimov, akakwanisa kudzokorora kumeso kwesimba. Iye ndeweko yakakurumbira kwazvo yeNestor.
Sergey Nikitina aive nerombo rakanaka kusaona chete, asiwo kudzidzawo simba reNesor. Nehukuru hwe dehenya, nyanzvi yacho yakatsunga kuti kukura kwereverent kwasingadarika 160 cmmetry yePfupa yemusoro kunoratidza kuti Nestor iri kurudyi-sistres, uye density system inoratidza kuti Monki akafa muzera rakadzika-zera - kwemakore makumi manomwe kana kusvika makumi masere. Chikonzero cherufu hachina kuita zvechisimba.
Makoronike
Nestor anofungidzirwa kune vanyori vemabasa matatu emabasa matatu, chinhu chikuru chinobva kune icho "ngarava yemakore." Mukutsoropodzwa nekunyora, kusununguka kunonzi zvakare "Opalrenal Armarst artway-Russian Archway, iyo yasvika gore rino, kana" nestorova korficle ".
"Ngano yemakore" yakafukidzwa nenguva yakakosha nguva - kubva panguva dzeBhaibheri kusvika 1117. Chronicle yakakweverwa muna 1110-1118 nevanyori vakati wandei, kana vakatora sosi yeshanduro yekufa kwaNeshen muna 1115th, asi ivo vanhu vevamwe vasingazivikanwe. Kekutanga, "ngano yemakore ekutapa" yakasainwa nezita reNestor muKhabenikov rondedzero yepakati pezana reXI.
Nyaya yacho inotanga ne nov, ivo vanakomana vatatu vavanhu vakagovana pasi. Nestor anotsanangura kuti vanhu vanobva - German, rus, votagi uye kuti maguta eRussia wekare akamuka sei.
Zuva rekutanga rakataurwa mu "ngano yemakore", anova 852, apo nyika yeRussia yakaonekwa. Iyo itsva geographic point yakavakirwa paRurik, trourtway uye sineus. Nenguva isipi muridzi uzere anova Rurik. Chikamu chinopenya uye chisingakanganwiki chebhuku, unoziva kunyange nomuchikoro, rufu rwaOleg, chizvarwa chaRurik, kubva kurumwa nenyoka, chimedu cherudzi rwekutendeka rwemuchinda.
Tevere, Nestor hurukuro dzepachena pamusoro pekutonga Kor, mukadzi wake Olga nemwanakomana wake Olga, nezvekubata kweYaropolk uye, pakupedzisira, nezve rubhabhatidzo rweRussia muLarimir muna 988. Muchinda wokupedzisira ataurwa mu "ngarava yemakore", vladimir monomakh anova.
Nertar, somurume erthodox, zvaive zvakakosha kuti uzive nezvekutenda kwake, saka musoro wechiKristu unoitika pabhuku redhambo yeRed: Sezvo maAlluzies paBhaibheri uye achipera nerondedzero yezviitiko zveumwari zvinoenderana neRubhapimo maitiro.
Mamongi anonyora kuti Mwari ane "zviitiko zvitatu": Baba, Mwanakomana neMweya Mutsvene, kuti ari kudenga akakomberedzwa nengirozi. Anopokana nemadhimoni asiri mugehena, sezvazvinofungidzirwa nhasi, asi mu "gomba rakadzika-dzika." Rubhabhatidzo rweRussia Nestor runotsanangura senzira yekuponesa vanhu kubva mukusaziva uye kuyedzwa. Avo vakatungamira mararamiro akarurama, vakafanira nzvimbo iri padyo kuna Mwari kudenga.
Yechipiri (asi kwete mukuverenga nguva) iyo Chronology) iyo inoratidzwa ne nermer, - "kuverenga nezvehupenyu uye nezvechirimwa chetambo uye garefu", kana "hupenyu borki naGarle."
Boris naGarefu - vanakomana vaMuchinda Vladimir, iyo humbodimendi yeuMwari uye kuzvininipisa, izvo zvinofa kubva mumaoko emuMunyu wemunun'una svyatop. Iyo Chronicle yakanyorwa muCanon Life-Martyrie. Semuenzaniso, panzvimbo pekurwisa muparadzi wako, Boris naGebki vanonamata, vachida kuti vafare muurayiwi. Christle mazuva anodzokera ku1110 gore.
Basa rechitatu raNestor, rakazosvika zvishoma zuva razvino, "hupenyu hwababa vafarisisa hweDoodosia yedu, heyguen Pecherskago," kana "hupenyu hweFoodosia Pechersk". Izvo zvakagadzirwa hapana gare gare kupfuura 1088. Muchirungu chakataura nezvenzira yeFoodosia kubva pakuzvarwa kusvika parufu chairwo. Chikamu chakakosha chakazvipira ku igotum.
Ndangariro
Nestor anonzi Nestor Cononized muChechi yeRussia Orthodox neRoman Catholic. Sezvo maSlavs, ndangariro dzake dzinopembererwa munaNovember 9, panguva imwe chete pazuva reEkraine kunyora nemutauro. Izvo zvimedu zveSASTA Zorora mumapako eKiev-Pechersk Lavra.
Nestor, sezvo chero munhu, anowanzoratidzwa pamifananidzo, asi mazhinji emabasa akarasikirwa neMunyori. Imwe yemufananidzo wakakurumbira wemutsvene ndeyekuti iwo mufananidzo waViktor Viktosova "Nestor-kiresi", yakanyorwa muna 1885-1893. Iyo yekutanga inochengetwa muTetyakov Garari.
Midziyo yeNestor's's's's's inowanikwa muKiev, Vladimir, Borispol. MuMonastery yemunhu wetsvene, tembere mbiri yakatumidzwa mushure mekunge aziviswa akaiswa.
Makoronike
- 1088 - "Hupenyu hwaRev. Baba veedu Feodosia, hegunum Pecherskago"
- 1110 - "Kuverenga nezvehupenyu uye nezve crevice yeiyo yakakomborera passion Startu Boris naGarefu"
- 1110-1118 - "Ngarava yemakore