Ubuzima
Nestor, umumonaki wa Monasshi ya Kiev-perhersk, afatwa nk'umwanditsi w '"umugani w'imyaka yashize" - urwibutso rw'ibitabo bya kera by'Abarusiya ndetse n'umuco w'Abasilave. Urakoze kuri iki gikorwa utagereranywa, aguographer yakiriye igikombe "Se w'Abarusiya." Itorero rya orotodogisi ryahaye icyubahiro icyubahiro, kumurwanya mumaso yabatagatifu. Ku ya 9 Ugushyingo, abizera bizihiza umunsi w'ubwonditsi bw'ubwongereza.Iherezo
Nestor Christler, kimwe na Nestor Perchersky, cyangwa Nestor Kiev, cyangwa Nestor KIEV (ku izina ry'abihaye Imana, aho yakoreye), yabayeho mu bihe byacyo bizwi gato muri iki gihe. Mu makuru y'amateka, amakuru y'ingenzi yaturutse ku buzima bw'umutagatifu, ariko kubera ko umubikira w'ukuri yirinda icyubahiro cya muntu, ukuri kw'aya makuru bidasobanutse.
Abahanga mu by'amateka bavuga ko Saint yavutse ahagana mu 1056. Ubuzima bwa Reverend Nestor yaturutse kuri mugenzi wa Kiechum "Kiev-Perchersky Catema" avuga ko ari umusore w'imyaka 17, yagiye mu nkike z'abihaye Imana, igihe barumiwe na nyiricyubahiro. Dukurikije amajwi y'itorero mbere yo gufatana kandi bikenewe kugirana ikizamini cya Novice, rimwe na rimwe cyahinduye imyaka myinshi.
Mu 1074, Theodosius Perchersky yarapfuye, umusemburo wa Shegumen wemeye Sitefano umugisha. Munsi yacyo, Nestor yakoze ku modoka. Nk'uko byanyuma byagati, Sitefano yagumye ku mutwe w'ikigo cy'abihaye Imana cya Kiev-per nestsor yemeye mu gihe cya 1078.
Birashoboka ko umutagatifu yari amenyereye feodosius: ni nastri mu 1091 ko umugisha wa Mutagatifu Yohani wagaragaje aho umujyanama ashyinguwe. Mu "tugani wa Bysone imyaka", ibyabaye byasobanuwe. Umwanditsi avuga kuri we mu muntu wa mbere, nko muri "Laurent Inoka", ariko izina ntirihamagara. Izina rya Nestor rivugwa bwa mbere mu nkuru yerekeye ihererekanyabubasha rya Feodosia gusa mu 1462.
Niba Nestor kandi yari amenyereye feodosius, noneho yari intagero kugiti cyawe kuvugana, niba muri rusange bishoboka. Mu gusoza "ubuzima bwa Feodosia Perkk", Umwanditsi wacyo arasobanutse, ni Nestor, irerekanwa:
"Ikintu cyose cyavuzwe haruguru kijyanye na feodosia cyaduhaye, kibajije, nize kuri ba se bageze mu zabukuru bakuze."Ubuzima muri Kiev-Gorsask bwari bushingiye ku kwifata neza: ibiryo byo kumvira byari byigometse - umugati ufite amazi, abamaze kwicwa n'inzara, igihe cyakoreshejwe mu masaha menshi y'amasengesho n'ibitekerezo byerekeranye n'ibyiza. Ubuzima bwihariye bwa Nestor bweguriwe amateka yuburusiya bwa kera. Ansulary ansuirer egueferi yatangiye kwandika hafi 1095 kuri Yohana John.
Umwaka w'amavuko wa Nestor ugenwa nubwo bimeze, ariko byanze bikunze. Ibitekerezo byamateka kubyerekeye itariki y'urupfu bizatandukana cyane.
Mu 1113, mu byaha byarangiye ku kigo cya mbere cy'ubuyobozi "Umugani w'imyaka ya Bysone." Kuva icyo gihe, amateka ava munsi yikaramu ya Nestor ntabwo yasohotse. Dukurikije imwe muri verisiyo, uruhinja rwa Monastery ya Kiev-pechersk yahisemo kwibanda ku gusenga. Mu masengesho n'imyanya, hashize indi myaka mike, kandi Nestor yapfuye mu gihembwe cya mbere cy'Ikinyejana cya Xii. Abahanga badashyigikiye umutagatifu mubibazo byubuvanganzo bahamya ko yapfuye mu 1114-1115.
Muri "Kiev-Pechersk Catema" ntabwo irimo amakuru ajyanye na Nesor. Ariko, isuzuma ryibanze rya Moscou Sergey Nikitin, rizwi cyane cyane kubwo kwiyubaka kwa pulasitike ukurikije uburyo bw'igishushanyo mbonera na Mikhail Gerasimov, yashoboye gukora isura ya Saint. Ni uw'igishusho kizwi cyane cya Nestor.
Sergey Nikitina yari afite amahirwe bihagije yo kutabona gusa, ahubwo no kwiga imbaraga za Nesor. N'ubunini bwa gihanga, inzobere yemeje ko imikurire ya Revere itari irenga CM 160. Kugaragaza neza uruhande rwiburyo bwamagufa yumutwe bwerekana ko Nestor ari iburyo, kandi sisitemu yubucuke irerekana Ko umumonaki yapfuye azize cyane - imyaka 70 cyangwa 80. Impamvu y'urupfu ntabwo yari urugomo.
Amateka
Nestor yitirirwa umwanditsi wibura imirimo itatu, ikintu cyingenzi kiva muri "umugani wimyaka yabyo." Mu kunegura ubuvanganzo, umurimo kandi witwa "Umuhemerere Whiew", kubera ko ari amateka ya kera yo mu Burusiya, cyangwa ngo aze muri uyu mwaka, cyangwa "nestorova.
"Umugani w'igihe cy '" utwikiriwe n'igihe gikomeye intera - kuva mu bihe bya Bibiliya kugeza 1117. Intara yashushanijwe muri 1110-1118 n'abanditsi benshi, niba bafashe nk'ifishi y'urupfu rwa NESOr mu 1115, ariko abantu b'ikiruhuko ntibizwi. Bwa mbere, "imigani yimyaka myinshi yasgone" yashyizweho umukono nizina rya Nestor murutonde rwa Khlebnikov rwagati hagati ya XVI.
Inkuru itangirana na NOV, abahungu batatu babwira isi. Nestor asobanura aho abantu baturutse - Germians, rus, Varyagi nuburyo imigi ya kera yo mu Burusiya yahagurutse.
Itariki ya mbere ivugwa mu "Imigani imyaka yabyos agone", iba 852, igihe igihugu cy'Uburusiya cyagaragaye. Ingingo nshya ya geografiya ishingiye kuri Rurik, Trourucya na Sineus. Bidatinze, nyirayo ahinduka Rurik. Igice cyiza kandi kitazibagirana nigitabo, ni urupfu rwa Oleg, ukomoka kuri Rurik, kuva ku nkombe y'inzoka, crane kuva igihangano cy'Umwizerwa cy'Indahemuka rw'Imitwe.
Ibikurikira, Nestor avuga muri make ingoma y'umutware Igor, umugore we Olga n'umuhungu wa Yaropolk na, amaherezo, kubyerekeye umubatizo w'Uburusiya i Vladimir muri 988. Umuganwa wanyuma wavuzwe mu "Umugani wa Bygone imyaka", Vladimir monomakh iba.
Nerontar, nk'umuntu wa orotodogisi, byari ngombwa kuvuga ku kwizera kwe, bityo rero ingingo yubukristo ibera ku gitabo cy'urudodo rutukura: Kuva aleuzies kuri Bibiliya kandi irangira hamwe n'ibisobanuro by'ibyabaye ku rupapuro inzira.
Monk yanditse ko Imana igizwe n '"ibintu bitatu": Data, Mwana n'Umwuka Wera, ko uri mu ijuru ukikijwe n'abamarayika. Arwanya abadayimoni batari ikuzimu, nkuko bigaragara muri iki gihe, ariko muri "ikuzimu." Umubatizo wa Burusiya Nestor usobanura nk'inzira yo gukiza abantu ubujiji no kugeragezwa. Abayoboye ubuzima bukiramira, bakwiriye kwitambuka iruhande rw'Imana mwijuru.
Iya kabiri (ariko ntabwo muri chroology) The Chronicle yitirirwa Nermer, - "gusoma ubuzima ndetse na crebice ya Stvice ya Stlasterierpsy Boris na Gleb", cyangwa "Ubuzima Boris na Gleb."
Boris na Gleb - Abahungu ba Prince Vladimir, bagaragaza ko ariha Imana no kwicisha bugufi, bapfa bazize amaboko y'umuvandimwe wa Mutagatifu Svytopolk. Ibyangombwa byanditswe mu buzima bwa Canon - Martyrie. Kurugero, aho kurengera kurwanya kwawe, Boris na Gleb basenga, bashaka gukora urupfu rwa maurryr ahubwo. Amatariki ya New Firm asubira mu mwaka 1110.
Umurimo wa gatatu wa Nestor, wageze kuri uyu munsi, ni "ubuzima bwitwaje feodosiya yacu, Hegumen Percherskago," cyangwa gusa "ubuzima bwa Feodia". Yakozwe bitarenze 1088. Mu mpera zamagambo avuga inzira ya Feodosia kuva akivuka kugeza gupfa. Igice cyihariye cyitangiye iGum.
Kwibuka
Nestor Christler Cayonised muri Adtodogisi ya orotodogisi yo mu Burusiya na Gatolika ya Roma. Kuva Abasilave, kwibuka kwe kwizihizwa ku ya 9 Ugushyingo, icyarimwe kumunsi wa Ukraine no mu rurimi. Ibisigisigi byonyine mu buvumo bwa Kiev-pechersk Lavra.
Nestor, nkuko umuntu akunze kugaragara ku bishushanyo, ariko imirimo myinshi yatakaje umwanditsi. Kimwe mu bisobanuro bizwi cyane byerekana ko ari ishusho ya Viktor Vasnetsova "Nestor-Chronicle", yanditswe mu 1885-1893. Umwimerere ubikwa muri Trestakov gallery.
Inzibutso z'umwanditsi wa Nestor uherereye i Kiev, Vladimir, Borispol. Muri kigomana kavukire w'Abatagatifu, Urusengero rwagati rwitiriwe Urwenya.
Amateka
- 1088 - "Ubuzima bwa Nyiricyubahiro. Se wa Feodosia, Heguman Percherskago"
- 1110 - "Gusoma ibijyanye n'ubuzima ndetse na crevice ya pansial hatangiwe gutugiza na gleb"
- 1110-1118 - "Umugani wimyaka ya Bygone"