Biography
Elizabeth Petrovna - Russian Empress, uyo akava mumiriri rokupedzisira woumambo ari Romanov youmambo pamusoro hadzi mutsetse. It akapinda nhoroondo Russia somunhu kunonakidza hurumende, sezvo akanga raidudzwa chido Vakamupfekedza Bales uye varaidzo kukuru.
Makore aro ushe havana kuchiratidzwa kunyanya kutaurwa kubudirira, asi iye nounyanzvi akatungamirira chivanze uye kutungamirira pakati enyika mapoka, izvo akabvumira naye kuti tibatirire pachigaro 2 emakore. Kunyange zvakadaro, Elizabeth I akaita basa rinokosha kukura nyika nemagariro uye purazi, uye vakakwanisa kuuya muuto Russian kuti nechivimbo kukunda zvinoverengeka muhondo zvakakura.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Elizabeth Petrovna akaberekwa musi waDecember 29, 1709 mumusha sel. Kolomese. Akava mwanasikana havagoni kuti chevaux Peter I uye Marthas pamusoro Skavron (Catherine I), saka akagamuchira musoro machinda 2 chete makore azvarwa, apo vabereki vakapinda pamutemo muchato chechi. Muna 1721, pashure pokunge kukwira kuna Peter I pachigaro paakaenda choushe, Elizabeth nomukoma wake Anna Petrovna akagamuchira Titulasarean madunhurirwa, izvo akavaita chepamutemo venhaka youmambo pachigaro.
Young Elizabeth aiva mwanasikana Emperor Peter vanodiwa zvikuru, asi akaona baba kashoma. Tsarevna Natalia Alekseevna (Native tete nokuti Baba Line) uye mhuri Alexander Menshikov, uyo aiva shamwari Peter Alekseevich, vaiita akarerwa.
Havana mutoro remangwana Empress okudzidza - zvakanzi kwazvo mubasa kudzidza French uye kukura rakaisvonaka ruoko kunyora. Iye vagamuchirawo zvachero ruzivo mimwe mitauro yokumwe, jogirafi uye nhoroondo, asi havana kufarira Tsearevna, saka iye akatsaurira nguva yavo yose kutarisira runako uye vakasarudzwa outfits.
In pwere Elizabeth, Petrovna akafamba runako rokutanga panguva pachivanze, iye nechikwereti kundotamba zvakakwana, aikudzwa nokuda unyanzvi uye unyanzvi. wenguo yake wakanga kukasawedzerwa pamwe mufashoni outfits itsva, kunyanya iye aifarira madhirezi dzakarukwa nendarama nesirivha (maererano nengano, pakazopera upenyu hwavo uwandu akadya Elizabeth yakasvika 15 zviuru).
Unhu hwakadaro akariita "muzinda chikuru" kuna nedzenyu zvirongwa - Peter Great akavaka urongwa kuti ape mwanasikana kuroorwa Louis XV uye nokuda Duke pamusoro Orleans, asi French Bourbons akapindura zindoga kuramba. Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Portraits ose Zesarevna vakaendeswa yechipiri machinda German, asi kufarira Elizabeth Karl-August, Holsteinsky, akafa muSt Petersburg, uye pasina kusvika paaritari.
Pakafa Peter Mukuru uye Catherine Alekseevna, matambudziko pamusoro muchato Elizabeth ikanyarara. Ipapo Tsarevna akapiwa zvachose kuti varaidzo, kunoiswa uye sweatings panguva muchivanze, asi pamugumo choumambo muzukuru, Anna John, akanga kunyimwa kwakajeka ezvinhu uye kuutapwa Alexander Slobod. Zvisinei, nzanga saha muna Elizabet Petrovna mumwe mugari wenhaka wechokwadi Peter Mukuru, saka simba Vavariro vakatanga anozviratidza, uye akatanga kugadzirira kuzadzisa kodzero dzavo mambo.
Kukwira kuChigaro
Musoro Empress Elizabeth Petrovna akagamuchira somugumisiro we "ropa" kubvuta masimba ose 1741. Iye kwakaitika pasina rokutanga vakarangana, sezvo Empress haina kunyanya kuvavarira kuti simba uye havana kuratidza pachake enyika simba nhamba. Panguva iyo kubvuta masimba, hazvina kana chirongwa, asi akanga nokufukidzwa pfungwa yake chikoro, izvo chakatsigirwa vagari uye Varindi avo vakaratidza Kusagutsikana nokuda Zasili avatorwa mudare, hiakindi wokuRussia kwamachinda, tightening serfdom uye mutero mutemo.
Pausiku November 24-25, 1741, Elizaveta Petrovna, achitsigirwa ake aivimba munhu uye akavanzika chipangamazano, Johann Lestok akasvika Preobrazhenski yemauto uye akamutsa Grenadier Roth. Varwi nguva akabvuma kumubatsira kukunda simba kuitika uye sechikamu vanhu 308 taikwira Winter Palace, apo Tsarevna akazivisa pachake kuna Empress, Usurpiroving simba ano: Emperor-mucheche John Antonovich nehama dzake dzose kubva genus Braunschweigaigov vaiva asungwa uye wakarodzwa kuna Solovetsky wemamonk.
Akapiwa ezvinhu kukwira chigaro Elizabeth I, wokutanga yakasainwa pedyo Manifesto raiva gwaro, maererano izvo iye ndiye chete chepamutemo mugari wenhaka wechigaro pashure Peter II rufu. Pashure paizvozvo, iye akadanidzira enyika Chokwadi, zvainanga kudzoka nhaka Peter Mukuru.
Panguva imwe chete iyoyo, akakurumidza kuenda neshamwari dzavo zvakamubatsira mubayiro kuenda choushe: iri Rota of Grenadiers of Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Lab kambani, navarwi vose vakanga vasina vanokudzwa midzi vakanga chakavakwa nevanokudzwa ikawanda mumapoka. Vose vakanga paakavapa nyika kuti zvakatorwa kubva kune dzimwe Varidzi.
Coronation Elizabeth Petrovna kwakaitika muna April 1742. Iye akapfuura chaiwo zvakasvibirira uye chic. Panguva kuti Empress-makore 32 yakaratidza rudo rwake inopenya zvaiitwa uye masquerads. In nguva yakatarwa zviitiko, vakawanda ruregero zvakaziviswa, uye vanhu mumigwagwa vakaimba achigamuchira Od kuti hurumende itsva, uyo akakwanisa kudzinga vatongi German uye akava Kumukundi ari "yokumwe zvinhu" mumaziso.
Dare Rinodzora
Nadev Koronu uye nechokwadi rutsigiro uye kufarirwa kubudikidza nzanga kuchinja, Elizabeth I mushure kugadza pakarepo akasaina pachena wechipiri. Maari, kuti Empress zvakakomba muchimiro akataura uchapupu kwakanga kusiri pamutemo kodzero choumambo Ivan VI ugoisa madzoro temporaries German uye neshamwari dzavo Russian.
Somugumisiro, mashoko favorite dzaiumba Empress Levenwold, Minih, Osterman, Golovkin uye Mengden vakatongerwa rufu, asi pashure hurumende yakasarudza kupfavisa navo uye kuSiberia, izvo akasarudza kuratidza pachavo shiviriro kwavo.
Kubva pamazuva okutanga pachigaro Elizabeth ndakatanga kurumbidza "Petrovsky anoita" - iye akadzorera weSeneti, chikuru wedzimhosva, amachinda bhodhi, kuti Manufactory uye Berg-College. Muchitsauko madhipatimendi izvi, iye anoisa vamiririri vaya veruzhinji vaiva hiakindi kwehurumende rapfuura kana kuti hurumende shanduro vaiva zvatinosiita Varindi vatariri.
Saka, Peter Shuvalov, Mikhail Vorontsov, Nadya Bestuzhev-Ryumin, Nadya Cherkasi, Nikita Trubetskaya, uyo ruoko rokutanga panguva Elizaveta Petrovna, akamuka achidzora nehurumende munyika. Elizaveta Petrovna vakaperekedza kwakakomba humanization upenyu paruzhinji, akanyevenutsa zvinoverengeka yemadzibaba mitemo, kutarisira yakaoma Kara nokuda kwepfumbamuromo uye pfuma, kokutanga mumakore 100 chabvisa norufu.
Uyewo, Empress akateerera tsika budiriro - zviri kuuya kwahwo simba kuti vatsvakurudzi pamwe pakutanga ichikosha pakati Kujekerwa, nekuti muRussia nokubatanidzwazve nemasangano edzidzo chaiitirwa, wokutanga jimunasiyamu pomumbure akanga rakawedzerwa, ari Moscow University uye Academy of Arts rakatsaurirwa.
Apedza vokutanga matanho mudzimba zvematongerwo enyika, ivo Empress akazvipira upenyu dare, anonyengera uye kuchiva. Mambokadzi haana kuvanza kufarira dzose masquerads uye Bales. The Empress aiva murume hembe, saka iye kazhinji akaronga vakomana vane kuchinja vakokwa: varume nevakadzi kuti zvokupfeka, uye vakadzi dzevanhu. Kuda upenyu yokunyika yakabatanidzwa mu chimiro vahosi guru piousness. Elizabeth Petrovna anozivikanwa ndechokuti musango kunonamata huru dzemamongi kugara kugutswa.
Kwokubatsira hwacho pakarepo vakapfuura mumaoko ake vaaida - Nadya Razumovsky uye Peter Shuvalov. Pane shanduro Razumovsky aiva murume Elizabeth Petrovna muchivande, asi panguva imwe chete yaiva mwero chaizvo munhu akanga achiri vakabata kubva zvematongerwo enyika makuru. Naizvozvo, Shuvalov ari 1750s rinenge vakazvimiririra akatungamirira nyika.
Asi nebudiriro Elizabeth I uye migumisiro bhodhi rayo hazvigoni kunzi razero nokuti nyika. Nemhaka kuchinja ayo kuitwa pamusoro chirongwa ari Favorites, tsika nechomukati akanga akadzima muna Russian Empire, izvo wakakurumidza pave vatorwa wezvokutengeserana uye Entrepreneurship.
Aivawo akasimbisa neropafadzo avakuru ane vana kubva pakuberekwa rakanyorwa muna ehurumende echiShinto, uye pakazosvika nguva yokushumira muuto vakanga kare vakuru. With yayo chirevo, kuti Empress akapa kodzero Varidzi kugadzirisa "dambudziko" pakati vanhuwo zvavo - vakabvumirwa ikatengesa vanhu kuti chitoro, kubatanidza navo kuSiberia. Izvi zvakakonzera zvinopfuura 60 murimi mudiki yokumukira munyika, iyo mambokadzi woutsinye zvikuru noutsinye.
Elizabeth Petrovna paitonga pave mabhanga itsva munyika, dzakabudirira manufactory anogadzirwa, riri leisurely, asi kukura kuRussia upfumi zvakarurama kuwedzera. Iyewo aidzidza simba yokumwe mutemo - mu nhoroondo Empress okukunda maviri muhondo (Russian-Swedish uye-makore manomwe), izvo akadzorera vasanyanya chiremera munyika Europe.
With mabasa Empress, kuti chidzoke munhu aizviti werudzii ari mapurani - Elizabethan Baroque zvakabatana. With Elizabeth, muchando yamambo yakavakwazve St. Petersburg, iro Wooden Summer Palace, vakazochinja yacho yakaparadzwa, kuvakwa Catherine Palace in Tsarskoye tiiviste kwakapedzwa, nguva yakagara Peter I muna Strelna uye Peterhof rakavakwazve. The kuvakwa kwezvivako akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze vachitungamirirwa mudare murongedzeri Italian mavambo - Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli.
Hupenyu Hwako
Personal upenyu Elizabeth Petrovna haana kushanda kubva pauduku. Mushure kukundikana pakuedza Peter Mukuru "Zvinobudirira" kupa mwanasikana kuroorazve Tsarevna akaramba kuroorwa, vachisarudza havo kwaari kwakapararira upenyu uye hamvuropu. Pane shanduro kuti Empress akanga achiri pakavanda chechi muwanano pamwe kufarira Alexei Razumovsky, asi hapana mapepa kusimbisa mubatanidzwa uyu isimo.
Munguva 1750s, hurumende vakatanga kufarira itsva. Vakava shamwari Mikhail Lomonosova Ivan Shuvalov, uyo akanga zvakanaka kuverenga uye vakadzidza murume. Zvinoita kuti pasi ake simba Elizabeth Petrovna akanga achiparidza nemagariro kukura munyika. Pakafa nehurumende, akawa kupinda hiakindi kubva hurumende itsva, saka paitonga Catherine II akamanikidzwa kuvanda kunze.
Pashure rufu Empress, mudare, taiva vakawanda runyerekupe pamusoro zvakavanzika vana Elizabeth. Munharaunda, yakanga vaidavira kuti Empress aiva havagoni mwanakomana kubva Razumovsky uye mwanasikana kubva Shuvalov. Izvi "akararamazve" mukanyiwa pakati vanyengeri, vaiona pachavo youmambo vana, zvikuru inozivikanwa iyo yakava Princess Tarakanov, kunzi Elizabeth Vladimir.
Rufu
Rufu Elizabeth Petrovna wakauya pamusoro January 5, 1762. Panguva 53rd gore upenyu Empress vakafa huro kubuda ropa. Vanotsvakurudza dzinoti kuti kubvira 1757 hutano hurumende akatanga kuderera pamberi pemaziso; akanga pfari, kupfupika mweya, kakawanda mhino ropa, kuzvimba rezasi wamativi. Aifanira kudimbudzira upenyu dare, unomutsa zvikuru balls uye dzokubvisa necheseri.
Mukutanga 1761, Elizabeth I takatamira rinorema bronchopneumonia, izvo necheni kuti pamubhedha. The gore rokupedzisira upenyu Empress airwara chaizvo, iye aigara akanga pfari ane chando fivha. Asati afa, Elizabeth Petrovna aiva akapinza chikosoro, izvo zvakazoita kuti simba ropa kubva huro. Pasina kurarama nechirwere, asi Empress vakafira yake yokuzorora.
On February 5, 1762, muviri Empress Elizabeth pamwe chinokudza akavigwa Petro Paul Cathedral of St. Petersburg. The wenhaka Elizabeth ndakava wake muzukuru Karl-Peter Ulrich Holchtinsky, uyo, shure Kesari akadanidzira, akazochinjwa zita akanzi Peter III Fedorovich. Vanotsvakurudza vanodana kuchinjwa ichi simba zvikuru nyarara kuti bhodhi vose vari XVIII remakore.
Ndangariro
Zviitiko Biography pakati Elizabeth Petrovna kazhinji akava storyline wandei chenhau enganonyorwa kuna Nguva XVIII remakore. Pakati yakakurumbira mabhuku mabasa, apo zita Empress akawanikwa, Nina Syrotokina uye Valentine "Shoko uye Case" Valentine "Pen uye Bakatwa" vari kuchengetwa.
In Cinema Elizabeth, Petrovna akava heroine pamusoro Mikhail Lomonosov mafirimu, "Midhemarins, mberi!", "Vivat, Marthemaryarins!", "Favorit", "Catherine", "Great". vatambi Russian embodying mufananidzo mambokadzi, Natalia Saiko, Elena Tsaplakova, Natalia Gundareva, Julia Aug, Natalia Surkov. Kunze, basa Queen airidza Tina Lattanzi, Vanessa Redgrave, Zina Moro.