Ubuzima
Komanda, uzwiho nka Jenaghis Khan, yavukiye muri Mongoliya muri 1155 cyangwa 1162 (akurikije amasoko atandukanye). Izina ryukuri ryuyu muntu ni?Ujin. Yavukiye mu ntonde y'uko yashize amanga, se yabaye imizigo, na Mama - Oalong. Birashimishije cyane ko Oroalong yahawe undi mugabo, ariko alliche yatewe isoni yakubise umukundwa kuva uwo bahanganye.
MURURIIN yakiriye izina rye mu cyubahiro cya Tatarin Teudzhina-uge. Uyu muyobozi w'ikisenge yatsinzwe mbere gato yuko umuhungu we ataka bwa mbere.
MURURIIN yahise atakaza se. Ku myaka ya cumi n'icyenda, yari yuzuyeho imbaho z'imyaka cumi n'imyaka y'ubundi bwoko. Emsichi yahisemo kuva mu muhungu mu nzu y'umugeni, mu gihe bombi bageze mu bihe bikomeye, ku buryo abashakanye b'ejo hazaza bigeze bigirana. Mu nzira subira, Padiri Gengagh Khana yagumye muri Parikingi ya Tatar, aho yari arozi. Iminsi itatu, Emchipi yapfuye.
Nyuma yibyo, kuri Teudzina, nyina, umugore wa kabiri wa Yesugiya, kimwe n'abavandimwe b'ejo hazaza h'ubusabane bukomeye, ibihe by'umwijima byaraje. Umutware wa Clan yirukanye umuryango mumwanya usanzwe ahitamo inka zose. Mu myaka itari mike, abapfakazi n'abahungu babo bagombaga kubaho mu bukene kandi bazerera mu kibaya.
Nyuma yigihe runaka, umutware wa Taichiutov, watsinze umuryango wa Teudzina atangaza ko nyir'igihugu cyose cyatsinzwe na Yeshuri, atangira gutinya kwihorera ku muhungu wa Esupe wakuze. Yambara umuryango w'umuryango umuryango. Umusore yaratorotse, bidatinze arafata, afata ashyira mu giti, atashoboraga kunywa cyangwa kurya.
Genghis Khan yarokoye umwete kandi asaba abahagarariye undi muryango. Mu ijoro rimwe, yashoboye gutoroka no kwihisha mu kiyaga, hafi kuzuye munsi y'amazi. Hanyuma abaturage benshi bahishe tepezhina mu igare, na nyuma - bamuha indogobe n'intwaro kugirango babashe kugera murugo. Nyuma yigihe gito, nyuma yo kurekurwa neza, umurwanyi ukiri muto washakanyenyije.
Haguruka
MURURININ, nk'umwana w'Umuyobozi, yashakishije imbaraga. Mu mizo ya mbere, yari akeneye inkunga, ahindukirira Khan Keminev Torila. Yari umunyarugo mu kurya no kwemera kumuhuza. Inkuru rero yatangiye, yayoboye The Teudzhina kugera ku ntera ya Genghis Khan. Yatanze ibitero ku midugudu ituranye, agwiza ibyo atunze kandi, bidasanzwe bihagije, ingabo ze. Andi Mongoliya ku ntambara zashakishijwe kwica abatavuga rumwe na leta bishoboka. TURUJIN, ukomoka, yashatse kugenda nk'abarwanyi benshi uko bishoboka ko bamushukirira.
Intambara ya mbere ikomeye yumuyobozi ukiri muto yabereye umuryango wa Merkite, yari iy'ubumwe hamwe na taichiut imwe yose. Ndetse bashimuse mu muka The Tembazina, ariko we, hamwe n'umutiri n'undi mukorana - Jamuhi wo mu bundi bwoko - yatsinze umutavuga rumwe n'umugore we. Nyuma y'intsinzi ihebuje, Tillil yahisemo gusubira i Horde ye, na Temarin hamwe na Jamuha, arangiza ubumwe bwo kwiyegurira Imana, yagumye muri Horde amwe. Muri icyo gihe, DUMUJIN yari akunzwe cyane, kandi Jamuha atangira kubona urwango mu gihe.
Yashakaga impamvu yo gutongana hamwe nimpanga aramusanga: murumuna wa Jamuhi yapfuye igihe yageragezaga kwiba amafarashi ya Tegaburiya. Bivugwa ko hagamijwe kwihorera Jamuha yibasiye umwanzi n'ingabo ze, maze ku ntambara ya mbere aratsinda. Ariko iherezo rya Genghis Khan ntirikurura cyane niba rishobora kuba byoroshye kumena. Yahise yize gutsindwa, maze ubwenge bwe butangira kwigarurira intambara nshya: hamwe na Torili batsinze tatars kandi ntibashobora kubahira umuhigo mwiza gusa, ahubwo banafite umuhigo mwiza, ahubwo banabona izina ry'abakomiseri ba gisirikare ("Jautsuri").
Ibikurikira bikurikirwa nibindi byatsinze kandi ntabwo ari amarushanwa atembera cyane kandi buri gihe hamwe na Jamuha, kimwe numuyobozi wundi bwoko - Wang Khan. Van Khan ntabwo yashyizweho habibwe na Teludzina, ariko yari Ally Jamuhi kandi yahatiwe gukora akurikije.
Ku munsi w'urugamba rukomeye hamwe n'ingabo zihuriweho, Jamuhi na Wang-Khan mu 1202, umuyobozi wigenga yakoze ikindi gitero ku gitero cyagabwe kuri Tatar. Muri icyo gihe, yongeye guhitamo kutabikora nkuko byafashwe byo kwigarurira muri iyo minsi. MURURIIN yavuze ko ku rugamba, Abanyamongoliya be ntibagomba gufata umusaruro, kubera ko byose bizagabanywa hagati yabo nyuma yo kurangiza urugamba. Muri iyi ntambara, Umutegetsi ukomeye uzaza yatsinze, nyuma ategeka kwica tati zose nkukwihorera Abanyamongoliya, barishwe. Muzima abana bato gusa basigaye.
Muri 1203, Terujin na Jamuha hamwe na Van Khan yongeye guhura imbonankubone. Ubwa mbere, Ulus y'ejo hazaza ha Jenaghishan yataye igihombo, ahubwo yakomeretse k'umwana wa Wang-Khan, abatavuga rumwe na bo basubiye inyuma. Mu rwego rwo kwirukana abanzi babo, muri uku kuruhuka kw'agatsiko, therujin yohereje ubutumwa bwa diplomasi. Muri icyo gihe, imiryango myinshi yunze ubumwe mu kurwanya bombi kurwanya Theudzhina na Van Khan. Abatangiye kubanza batangira kwishimira intsinzi ihebuje: Hanyuma ingabo za Teguramu, ziramugeraho, shyira abasirikare.
Jamuha yakomeje gusa mu ngabo maze ahitamo gufatanya n'undi muyobozi - Thayan Khan. Uwa nyuma yashakaga kurwana na The Teudzhin, kuko icyo gihe yasaga nkuwatoye mu rugamba rwinshi mu mbaraga z'akabaga ya Mongoliya. Intsinzi ku rugamba, yabereye 1204, yongeye gutwara ingabo za Tembariye, zerekanye ko ari umuyobozi ufite impano.
Great Han.
Muri 1206, Terujin yakiriye izina rya Khan ukomeye mu miryango yose ya Mongoliya kandi yemera izina rizwi rya Chingiz, risobanurwa ngo "Umwami w'abanyeganyega mu nyanja". Byagaragaye ko uruhare rwe mu mateka y'ibibaya bya Mongoliya ari binini, nk'ingabo ze, kandi nta wundi wahisemo kumubaza. Ibi byagiye muri Mongoliya: Niba kare, hashize imiryango yaho yahoraga irwanira hamwe kandi igitero cyagabwe ku midugudu ituranye, ubu zimaze guhura na leta yuzuye. Niba ubwenegihugu bwa Mongoliya mbere yibyo bwahoraga bifitanye isano no kubura amaraso, ubungubu - hamwe no guhuriza hamwe.
Genghis Khan yashakaga gusiga umurage wicyubahiro atari uwatsinze gusa, ahubwo no nkumutegetsi wubwenge. Yatangije amategeko ye bwite, mu bindi bintu, yavuze ku mfashanyo mu bukangurambaga no kumubuza kubeshya iyo ibanga. Aya mahame mbwirizamuco yasabwaga kubahiriza cyane, bitabaye ibyo umucengezi ashobora kwitega kubicwa. Umuyobozi uvanze amoko n'abantu batandukanye, kandi mu muryango uwo ariwo wose waho wabayeho - abantu be bakuze bafatwaga abasirikare b'Ikipe ya Chishana.
Gutera chibice Khan
Filime n'ibitabo byinshi byanditswe kuri Genghis Khan, atari ukubera ko yazanye gahunda mu bihugu by'ubwoko bwe. Birazwi kandi gutsinda cyane kwigarurira ibihugu duturanye. Noneho, mugihe cya 1207 kugeza 1211, ingabo ze zayoboye umutware ukomeye abantu bose bo muri Siberiya, ubashyura Geghis Khan Dan. Ariko kuri uyu komanda ntabwo yari agiye guhagarara: yashakaga gutsinda Ubushinwa.
Mu 1213, yateye Leta ya Jin, ishyiraho imbaraga mu ntara ya Liyodong. Mu buryo bwose bw'inzira rikurikira, ingabo z'Abashinwa zamuhaye nta rugamba, bamwe bajya iruhande rwe. Kugwa kwa 1213, umutegetsi wa Mongoliya yashimangiye umwanya we ku rukuta runini rw'Ubushinwa. Hanyuma yohereza ingabo eshatu zikomeye, igana abahungu be n'abavandimwe be, mu turere dutandukanye tw'ingoma ya jin. Bamwe mu baturage bamushyize hafi gato, abandi barwana kugeza 1235. Ariko, kubera iyo mpamvu, Tatar-Mongoliya Ig Agno yakwirakwiriye muri icyo gihe cyose.
Ndetse Ubushinwa ntibushobora guhatira Genga khan guhagarika igitero cye. Amaze kugera ku ntsinzi mu ntambara hamwe n'abaturanyi bakwegereye, yashimishijwe na Aziya yo hagati, cyane cyane, burumbuka. Mu 1213, umutware w'abwo karere yari yiruka nimansky Khan kuchluk, wagize ubumuga bwa politiki, atangira gutotezwa kw'abayoboke ba Islamu. Kubera iyo mpamvu, abategetsi b'imiryango irindwi yicaye ku bushake batangaje ko bemera kuba abayoboke ba Genghis Khan. Nyuma yaho, ingabo za Mongoliya zatsindiye indi turere turindwi, bemerera Abayisilamu basohoza serivisi zabo zo kuramya bityo bakateje impuhwe abaturage baho.
Urupfu
Komanda yapfuye gato mbere yo kwiyegurira Zhongsin - umurwa mukuru w'imwe mu midugudu myinshi y'Abashinwa, yashakaga kunanira ingabo za Mongoliya kugeza kuri nyuma. Impamvu y'urupfu rwa Genghis Khan yitwaga ibitandukanye: yaguye ku ifarashi, yahise arwara, ntiyashoboraga kumenyera ikirere gikomeye cyo mu kindi gihugu. Aho imva yumutwe munini iherereye - ntituzwi.
Abakomoka kuri benshi ba Geghis Khan, barumuna be, abana n'abuzukuru bagerageje kubungabunga no kugwiza kandi bari abanyapolitiki bakomeye bo muri Mongoliya. Rero, umwuzukuru we Bata yabaye mukuru mu mpande zose z'igisekuru cya kabiri nyuma y'urupfu rwa sekuru. Mubuzima bwa Gengeshi Khan hari abagore batatu: twavuze mbere Boreh, ndetse n'umugore we wa kabiri Hulan Hatun n'umugore wa gatatu Tatarta Esugan. Muri rusange, bamubyaye abana cumi na batandatu.