Biography
The commander, known for us as Genghis Khan, was born in Mongolia in 1155 or 1162 (according to various sources). The real name of this person is Temujin. He was born in the tract of Delul-Boldt, his father became Essuchi-baggage, and Mother - Oalong. It is noteworthy that Oalong was distributed for another man, but the disgraced bugure beat the beloved from his opponent.
Temujin received his name in honor of Tatarin Temudzhina-Uge. This leader of the disgrace was overcome shortly before his son issued his first cry.
Temujin quickly lost his father. At nineteenth age, he was covered with eleven-year-old boards from another kind. Essuchi decided to leave the Son in the Bride's House, while they both have reached an adult age, so that future spouses have learned each other. On the way back, Father Genghis Khana stayed at the Tatar parking lot, where he was poisoned. Three days, Essuchi died.
After that, for Temudzhina, his mother, the second wife of Yeshegia, as well as the brothers of the future of the Great Communion, the dark times came. The head of the clan drove the family from the usual place and selected the entire cattle belonging to it. For several years, the widows and their sons had to live in absolute poverty and wander in the steppes.
After some time, the Chief of Taichiutov, who defeated the family of Temudzhina and proclaimed himself the owner of all the land conquered by Yeshege, began to be afraid of revenge on the part of a matured son of Esugea. He put on the Family Family Family Family. The guy escaped, but soon he caught up, captured and placed in a wooden block, in which he could not drink or eat.
Genghis Khan saved his own seducker and the intercession of several representatives of another tribe. In one of the nights, he managed to escape and hide in the lake, almost completely flowing under the water. Then several locals hid the Temudzhina in the cart with wool, and after - they gave him a mare and weapons to be able to get home. After some time, after successful release, the young warrior married on board.
Rise to power
Temujin, as the son of the leader, sought to power. At first, he needed support, and he turned to Khan Kemitov Torila. He was twinned to eat and agreed to unite him. So the story began, which led Temudzhina to the rank of Genghis Khan. He made raids on neighboring settlements, multiplying his possessions and, oddly enough, his army. Other Mongols on battles sought to kill as many opponents as possible. Temujin, on the contrary, sought to leave as many warriors as possible alive to lure them towards him.
The first serious battle of the young commander took place against the Merkites tribe, which were in the Union with all the same Taichiuts. They even kidnapped the wife of Temudzhina, but he, together with Toril and another ally - Jamuhi from another tribe - defeated opponents and returned his wife. After the glorious victory, Toril decided to return to his own Horde, and Temujin with Jamuha, concluding the dedication union, remained in the same Horde. At the same time, Temujin was more popular, and Jamuha began to experience hostility over time.
He was looking for a reason for an open quarrel with twin and found him: Jamuhi's younger brother died when he tried to steal horses belonging to Temudzhina. Allegedly, with the aim of revenge Jamuha attacked the enemy with his army, and in the first battle he won. But the fate of Genghis Khan would not attract so much attention if it could be so easy to break. He quickly recovered from the defeat, and his mind began to occupy new wars: together with Toril defeated Tatars and received not only excellent prey, but also honorary title of the military commissioner ("Jauthuri").
The following followed by other successful and not very hiking and regular competitions with Jamuha, as well as with the leader of another tribe - Wang Khan. Van Khan was not configured categorically against Temudzhina, but was an ally Jamuhi and was forced to act accordingly.
On the eve of the decisive battle with joint troops, Jamuhi and Wang-Khan in 1202, the commander independently made another raid on the Tatar. At the same time, he again decided not to act as it was taken to perform conquests in those days. Temujin stated that during the battle, his Mongols should not capture production, since all it will be divided between them only after the completion of the battle. In this fight, the future great ruler won, after which he ordered to execute all the Tatars as a retaliation for the Mongols, which they were killed. Alive only small children were left.
In 1203, Temujin and Jamuha with Van Khan again met face to face. At first, the ulus of the future of Genghishan suffered losses, but due to the injury of the son of Wang-Khan, the opponents retreated. In order to dismiss their enemies, during this forced pause, Temujin sent them diplomatic messages. At the same time, several tribes united to fight both against Temudzhina and van Khan. The latter broke them first and began to celebrate a glorious victory: then the troops of Temudzhina and overtake him, put the soldiers by surprise.
Jamuha remained only with part of the troops and decided to cooperate with another leader - Thayan Khan. The latter wanted to fight with Temudzhin, because at that time he just seemed to him a dangerous rival in the desperate struggle for absolute power in the steppes of Mongolia. The victory in the battle, held in 1204, again won the army of Temudzhin, who demonstrated himself as a gifted commander.
Great Han.
In 1206, Temujin received the title of great Khan to all Mongolian tribes and accepted the well-known name of Chingiz, which is translated as "Lord of Bescheny in the Sea". It was obvious that his role in the history of Mongolian steppes is huge, like his army, and no one else decided to challenge him. This went to Mongolia: if earlier the local tribes constantly fought with each other and committed raids on neighboring settlements, now they have become similar to a full-fledged state. If the Mongolian nationality before that was always associated with straightening and blood loss, now - with cohesion and power.
Genghis Khan wanted to leave behind a decent heritage not only as a conqueror, but also as a wise ruler. He introduced his own law, which, among other things, spoke of mutual assistance in the campaign and forbade him to deceive the confidential one. These moral principles were required to observe strictly, otherwise the intruder could expect the execution. The commander mixed various tribes and peoples, and to whatever tribe there were neither family related - her adult men were considered soldiers of ChingiShana's squad.
Conquesting Chingices Khan
Numerous films and books are written about Genghis Khan, not only because he brought order in the lands of his people. It is also widely known for successful conquests of neighboring lands. So, in the period from 1207 to 1211, his army subjugated the great ruler almost all the peoples of Siberia and made them pay Genghis Khan Dan. But on this commander was not going to stop: he wanted to conquer China.
In 1213, he invaded the Chinese state of Jin, establishing power over the local province of Lyodong. Throughout the way of the following way, the Chinese troops surrendered to him without a battle, and some went to his side at all. By the fall of 1213, the Mongolian ruler strengthened his position along the entire Great Wall of China. Then he sent three powerful armies, who headed His sons and brothers, in different regions of the Jin Empire. Some settlements surrendered to him almost immediately, others were fighting until 1235. However, as a result, Tatar-Mongolian Igo spread to the whole of that time.
Even China could not force the Genghis Khan to stop his invasion. Having achieved success in battles with the nearest neighbors, he became interested in Central Asia and, especially, fertile seven. In 1213, the ruler of this region was a runaways Nimansky Khan Kuchluk, who made a political miscalcity, starting the persecution of the followers of Islam. As a result, the rulers of several sedentary seven tribes voluntarily announced that they agree to be subjects of Genghis Khan. Subsequently, the Mongolian troops won other seven regions, allowing Muslims to fulfill their worship services and, thus, having caused sympathy from the local population.
Death
The commander died shortly before the surrender of Zhongsin - the capital of one of the most Chinese settlements, which were trying to resist the Mongolian army to the latter. The cause of the death of Genghis Khan is called different: fell from the horse, suddenly fell ill, he could not adapt to a severe climate of another country. Where the grave of the Great Conqueror is located - still unknown.
Numerous descendants of Genghis Khan, his brothers, children and grandchildren tried to preserve and multiply His conquest and were major statesmen of Mongolia. So, his grandson Bati became the eldest among the gengizids of the second generation after the death of his grandfather. In the life of Genghis Khan there were three women: We have previously mentioned Boreh, as well as his second wife Hulan Hatun and the third wife Tatarka Esugan. In total, they gave birth to him sixteen children.