Chiphunzitso
Mtsogoleriyo anati kwa ife monga Genghis Khan, adabadwira ku Mongolia mu 1155 kapena 1162 (malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana). Dzina lenileni la munthuyu ndi Tepijin. Adabadwira m'bokosi lamphamvu, bambo ake adadzakhala a Eslungu, ndi amayi - olong. Ndizofunikira kudziwa kuti Olong adagawidwa chifukwa cha mwamuna wina, koma ochita manyazi adamenya okondedwa mdani wake.
A Temijin adalandira dzina lake polemekeza Tamarin Teruudzhina-UGE. Mtsogoleri wa manyazi kapena mtsogoleri uyu kuti mwana wake wamwamuna adapereka kulira kwake koyamba.
A Tepijan adataya bambo ake. Pazaka za m'ma 1900, adakutidwa ndi matabwa azaka khumi ndi m'modzi. Essuchi anaganiza zosiya mwana wamwamuna m'nyumba ya mkwatibwi, pomwe onse awiri ali ndi zaka zambiri, kuti akwatire akondana nawo. Kubwerera Kubwerera, Abambo Genghis Khana adakhala pa Loti Woyimika magalimoto a Chitata, komwe adadyetsedwa. Masiku atatu, Essuchi anamwalira.
Pambuyo pake, chifukwa a Teludzhina, amayi ake, mkazi wachiwiri wa Yeshegia, komanso abale amtsogolo a mgonero wamkulu, nthawi zamdima zinabwera. Mutu wa mabanja adayendetsa banjali ku malo anthawi zonse ndikusankha ng'ombe zonse za icho. Kwa zaka zingapo, akazi amasiye ndi ana awo amayenera kukhala mu umphawi wothera komanso kuyendayenda m'miyala.
Pakapita kanthawi, wamkulu wa Taichitov, yemwe anagonjetsa banja la Alamu, nadziwonetsa mwini wake wa dziko lonse lapansi wogonjetsedwa ndi mwana wamwamuna wokhwima wa Esuge. Anaika banja la mabanja mabanja. Mnyamatayo adathawa, koma posakhalitsa adagwira, kugwira ntchito ndikuyika m'nkhalango, pomwe samatha kumwa kapena kudya.
Genghis Khan adapulumutsa ake ourdle ndi kupembedzera kwa oyimira angapo fuko lina. Mu tsiku limodzi, anatha kuthawa ndi kubisala munyanja, pafupifupi kumayenda pansi pamadzi. Kenako madera angapo adabisira asullazhina m'ngoloyo ndi ubweya, ndipo pambuyo pake adamupatsa foni ndi zida zotha kufika kunyumba. Pambuyo kanthawi, atamasulidwa, wankhondo wachichepere wokwatirana.
Kukwera mphamvu
Temijin, monga Mwana wa mtsogoleri, adafunafuna mphamvu. Poyamba, adafunikira thandizo, ndipo adatembenukira ku Khan Kemito Torila. Anali atadzaza ndi kudya ndipo anavomera kuti amugwirizere. Chifukwa chake nkhaniyi idayamba, yomwe idayamba, Alamu kupita ku udindo wa Genghis Khan. Anagwedeza zinthu zoyandikana nazo ku nyumba zoyandikana nazo, kuchulukitsa za zinthu zake ndipo, zosamveka, gulu lake lankhondo. A Mongol ena pankhondo adafuna kupha otsutsa ambiri momwe angathere. A Tetujin, m'malo mwake, anafuna kuchoka pankhondo zambiri monga momwe angathere kuti abweretse kwa iye.
Nkhondo yoyamba yoyamba ya bwanamkulu wachinyamatayo adakumana ndi fuko la Afzere, zomwe zidali mu Union ndi zonse zomwezi. Ndipo adamyikanso mkazi wa Temudzhina, koma iye, pamodzi ndi ulamuliro ndi ena onse - Jamuhi ochokera ku fuko lina - adabweza adani ake ndikubweza mkazi wake. Pambuyo pa chipambano chaulemerero, Torlil adaganiza zobwerera ku Horde yekhayo, ndi temijin ndi Jauha, akumaliza mgwirizanowu, adatsalira ku HORDE yemweyo. Nthawi yomweyo, apujija anali otchuka kwambiri, ndipo Jma'ha anayamba kudanidwa ndi nthawi.
Amayang'ananso chifukwa chokhalira ndi mapasa ndipo adamupeza: mchimwene wa Jamuhi anamwalira atayesa kuba mahatchi a Aladina. Akuti, ndi cholinga chobwezera Ahani kuwukira mdani ndi gulu lake lankhondo, ndipo m'chilengedwe choyambirira chomwe adapambana. Koma tsogolo la gengus khan silinakope chidwi kwambiri ngati lingakhale losavuta kusweka. Anachira msanga, ndipo ndipo malingaliro ake adayamba kugwira nkhondo zatsopano: palimodzi ndi torril wogonjetsedwa watonda ndipo sanalandiridwe bwino, komanso dzina lolemekezeka la asitikali ("Jauthuri").
Otsatirawa adatsata ndi ena oyenda bwino komanso osayendayenda kwambiri ndi Jauha, komanso mtsogoleri wa fuko lina - wang Khan. Van khan sanakonzekere mwamwambo motsutsana ndi Achudina, koma anali mnzake avahi ndipo adakakamizidwa kuchitapo kanthu.
Kumapeto kwa nkhondo yomwe ili ndi asitikali ophatikizira, Jamahi ndi Wang-Khan mu 1202, kazembe pawo pawokha pawokha adalandanso ina pa Chitata. Nthawi yomweyo, adaganizanso kuti asamachitepo kanthu kuti ayambe kugonjetsa masiku amenewo. Amojin adatinso kunkhondo, a Mongol sayenera kujambula, chifukwa zonse zidzagawidwa pakati pawo pokhapokha atamaliza nkhondoyo. Mu nkhondo iyi, wolamulira wamkulu mtsogolo adapambana, pambuyo pake adawalamulira kuti apereke zonse za kutopa monga kubwezera kwa a Mongol, omwe adaphedwa. Amoyo ndi ana ang'onoang'ono omwe adatsala.
Mu 1203, tetujin ndi nduna wokhala ndi van khan adakumananso ndi nkhope. Poyamba, upangiri wa tsogolo la gembishan unatayika, koma chifukwa cha kuvulala kwa mwana wa wang-hin, otsutsa abwerera. Pofuna kuchotsa adani awo, panthawi yolunjika iyi, tepija adatumiza mauthenga a mafoni. Nthawi yomweyo, mafuko angapo ogwirizana kuti akamenyane ndi kachimuna ndi Vin Khan. Wotsirizawo adawasiya kaye ndipo adayamba kukondwerera chigonjetso chopambana: Kenako asitikali a Teruudzo, nampeza, anadabwitsidwa ndi asirikali modzidzimutsa.
Jauha anakhalabe ndi gawo limodzi la asitikali ndipo anasankha kugwilizana ndi mtsogoleri wina - Thayan Khan. Wotsirizayo amafuna kumenya nkhondo ndi Temoudzhin, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo adangowoneka kuti ali ndi mnzake wochita zoopseza mphamvu za Mongolia. Kupambana kunkhondo, komwe kunachitika mu 1204, anapambananso gulu lankhondo la Amoudzhin, lomwe limawonekera ngati mkulu wa mphatso.
Han HAN.
Mu 1206, aptujin adalandira dzina la mafuko onse a ku Mongolia ndipo adalandira dzina lodziwika la Chisiz, monga "mbuye wa becheheny munyanja". Zinali zodziwikiratu kuti udindo wake m'mbiri ya ma steppes ndi akulu, monga gulu lake lankhondo, ndipo palibe amene anaganiza zomutsutsa. Izi zidapita ku Mongolia: Ngati atatsala pang'ono kutsatira mafuko akumaloko nthawi zonse ndi zigawenga zomwe zili m'ndende zoyandikana nazo, tsopano zafanana ndi boma lonse. Ngati dziko la Mongolia lisanachitike nthawi zonse ndikuwonongeka ndi magazi, tsopano - ndi coutheon ndi mphamvu.
Genghis Khan amafuna kusiya cholowa choyenera osati monga wogonjetsa, komanso monga wolamulira wanzeru. Adayambitsa lamulo Lake lomwe, lazinthu zina, adanenapo za kuthandizana nawo kuntchito ndikumuletsa kunyenga mwachinsinsi. Mfundo zamakhalidwe amenewa zimafunikira kuti aziona mozama, apo ayi wolowererayo angayembekezere kuphedwa. Wolamulirayo anasakaniza mafuko osiyanasiyana ndi anthu, ndi fuko lililonse lomwe silinakhalepo kwa banja - amuna ake akuluakulu ankakonda kukagawanika kwa gulu la Chingishana.
Kugonjetsa Making Khan
Makanema ambiri ndi mabuku amalembedwa za Genghis Khan, osati chifukwa chongotsatira dongosolo la anthu ake. Amadziwikanso kuti agonjetsedwa bwino kumayiko oyandikana nawo. Chifukwa chake, mu nthawi kuyambira 1207 mpaka 1211, gulu lake lankhondo linalanda wolamulira wamkulu wa ku Siberia ndipo anawapangitsa kuti alipire Genghis Khan. Koma pandunayu sanayime: Amafuna kugonjetsa China.
Mu 1213, adauza mkhalidwe wa Chitchaina wa Jin, kukhazikitsa mphamvu pa chigawo cha roodeng. Munjira yonse yotsatira, asitikali aku China adadzipereka kwa iye popanda nkhondo, ndipo ena adapita kumbali yake. Pofika kumapeto kwa 1213, wolamulira wa ku Mongoliya analimbikitsa malo ake m'khonzi lonse la China. Kenako anatumiza magulu atatu ankhondo amphamvu, amene analunjika ana ake ndi abale ake, m'madera osiyanasiyana a ufumu wa Jin. Madzi ena adadzipereka kwa iye pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo, ena anali kumenya nkhondo mpaka 1235. Komabe, chifukwa chake, Chitara-mungol igo kufalikira nthawi imeneyo.
Ngakhale China sinathe kukakamiza gengus khan kuti iletse chiwongolankhalo. Atachita bwino munkhondo ndi oyandikana nawo pafupi, adayamba kuchita chidwi ndi Central Asia ndipo, makamaka, chonde chachisanu ndi awiri. Mu 1213, wolamulira wa dera lino anali a Ruansky Khan Kuchluk, omwe adatsutsa ndale, poyambitsa kuzunzidwa kwa otsatira a Chisilamu. Zotsatira zake, olamulira a matembe angapo asanu ndi awiri mwakufuna adalengeza kuti avomera kukhala nzika za Genghis Khan. Pambuyo pake, asitikali a ku Mongolia adapambana zigawo zisanu ndi ziwiri, kulola Asilamu kuti akwaniritse ntchito zawo zopembedza, motero, atawamvera chisoni anthu wamba.
Imfa
Mtsogoleriyo anamwalira posachedwa popita ku Zthongsin - likulu la mmodzi wa malo achi China ambiri, omwe anali kuyesera kukana gulu lankhondo la A Mongolia mpaka kumapeto. Choyambitsa kufa kwa Genghis Khan amatchedwa osiyana: adagwa kuchokera ku kavalo, mwadzidzidzi adadwala, sakanatha kusintha nyengo yayikulu ya dziko lina. Komwe manda a wogonjetsa wamkulu ndiye - sakudziwika.
Ana ambiri a Genghis Khan, abale ake, ana ndi adzukulu adayesetsa kupitiriza kugonjetsa ndikuchulukitsa Gualia. Chifukwa chake, mdzukulu wake bati adabereka mwana wamwamuna wachiwiri pambuyo pa imfa ya agogo ake. M'moyo wa Genghis Kha Dani analipo akazi atatu: tanena kale, komanso mkazi wake wachiwiri Hulan Halena ndi mkazi wachitatu posachedwa. Onse adambereka ana khumi ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi.