Ubuzima
Ubwoba ni imyumvire ikomeye yumuntu. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bitangaje kuba mubitabo na sinema bishyuye umwanya munini kuriyi nzira mbi. Ariko kwisi, bake mubanditsi badashobora gushimisha abasomyi gusa, ahubwo banatera ubwoba kugenda kuruhu. Umubare w'abanditsi urimo wo mu nyanja Phillips Urukundo, bakunze kwitwa Edgar mu kinyejana cya makumyabiri.
Umuremyi w '"imigani ya ktulhu" ni umwimerere cyane kuburyo mubitabo biramenyerewe ko ugenera ubwoko butandukanye - "amahano". Howard yagize ibihumbi n'ibihumbi by'abayoboke (Kanama Stephen umwami, Clark Ashton Smith), ariko mubuzima bwe ntiyabonye igitabo cyanditse. Ikiranga Urukundo ku mirimo yo "guhamagarwa khulhu", "kuvuza ubwoba", "ku rundi ruhande rwo gusinzira", "За За барое", n'ibindi.
Mu bwana n'urubyiruko
Howard yavutse ku ya 15 Werurwe 1937 mu murwa mukuru w'i kuzimu - Providence. Uyu mujyi ufite imihanda irimo akajagari, uduce twinshi hamwe na gothique twinshi akenshi tuboneka mubikorwa by'urukundo: Mubuzima bw'ubuhanga bwose bw'ubuvanganzo, byari bikabije mu gihugu cye. Umwanditsi yabwiye ko avuye mu muriro wa Astronoma John, wabayeho mu gihe cya Elizabeti natangiriye Ubwongereza n'imirimo ya Nikolai Copernic.
Ubwana bwa Nyamwasa Howard yari yihariye. Umuhungu utuje kandi ufite ubwenge yakuze kugeza ku myaka ibiri mu nkengero ya Boston akazamurwa mu muryango w'imiyoborere ya Winfivoy wa Winfield, yatsinzwega. Winfield yashyizwe mu bitaro byo mu mutwe, aho yahise ashyirwa mu bitaro by'indwara zo mu mutwe, ahatinze vuba aha, maze Sara Susan ari kumwe n'umuhungu w'imyaka ibiri yimukiye mu nzu yabo itatu y'abagabo be mu muhanda wa Angell, 454.
Akazu kari ka sekuru w'urukundo Wiple wanu Buren Phillips n'umugore we Roby, bumvise igitabo giteye ubwoba kandi kigakomeza isomero rinini kandi rikomeza isomero rinini. Kubera no ku mwanya wabo bari abakozi benshi, ubusitani bwerunduye hamwe n'isoko n'isoko rihamye n'amafarashi atatu. Urashobora kurota gusa kubitekerezo nkibi, ariko mubuzima bwa howada ntabwo byoroshye. Indwara zo mu mutwe Winfield yimuriwe kuri Susan: Gutakaza uwo bashakanye, yabaye igitekerezo cyatewe n'uko Howard yari afite.
Kubwibyo, Susan ntabwo yimukiye muri Tchad we ukikijwe, agerageza gusohoza ndetse na Bizarre cyane. Nibyo, sogokuru yakundaga gutobora umwuzukuru muto, muri bose bahishe. Nyina wa Howard yakundaga kwambara umuhungu mu myenda y'umukobwa. Birashimishije kubona ababyeyi ba Ernest Hemingwant na bo baguze imyenda ye n'imisatsi.
Uburezi nk'ubwo ntibubujije abashyitsi Howard, batangira kugaruka igisigo, ntibushobora kwiga kugenda, ongera ku bitabo. Umunsi w'urukundo nijoro wicaye mu isomero rya sekuru, ibitabo byuzuye. Ntabwo ari imirimo ya kera gusa, ariko kandi imigani yabarabu yaje kumaboko yumusore: Yasomye inkuru zavuzwe na Shehreada.
Imyaka yambere ya Howard yakiriye amashuri yo murugo. Kubera ko umuhungu yari afite ubuzima bufite intege nke, ntabwo yashoboraga kwitabira ikigo cy'uburezi, bityo yagombaga kumenya physics, ku mibare, imibare n'ubuvanganzo wenyine. Iyo urukundo ruhindukiye 12, we, kubwubyishimo bwe, yatangiye kongera kujya mwishuri, ariko yamaze igihe gito. Ikigaragara ni uko mu 1904 Wipple Wang Buren Phillips yapfuye, kubera uwo muryango watakaje isoko nyamukuru yinjiza.
Kubera iyo mpamvu, gukundana, hamwe na nyina, byagabanutseho abantu bahuye, byabaye ngombwa ko bimukira muri Lodge Lodge. Urupfu rwa sekuru kandi ko hafunzwe adoda Howard, yinjiye mu ndwara yihungabana cyane ndetse akanatekereza kugabanya imibereho. Ubwanyuma, umwanditsi "Dagon" ntabwo yakiriye icyemezo cyuburezi bwo hagati, cyatewe isoni n'ubuzima bwe bwose.
Ubuvanganzo
Howard Phillips Urukundo rwafashe Inkwell nibaba mubana. Umuhungu yahoraga ababazwa n'inzozi zinzozi, kubera inzozi zabaye iyicarubozo riteye ubwoba, kuko ntibyashobokaga gucunga izo nzozi cyangwa kubyuka mu rukundo. Ijoro ryose, yitegereje ibitekerezo bye byo gusenya ibiremwa biteye ubwoba bifite amababa ya webbye, yiswe "Masts nijoro".
Ibikorwa byambere bya Howard byanditswe muburyo buhebuje, ariko, urukundo rwajugunye ubu "ibitabo bidakomeye" bitangira gutega ubuhanga, kwandika imivugo ninyandiko. Ariko mu 1917, Howard yagarutse ku bihimbano kandi arekura inkuru "Cyrp" na Dagon.
Umugambi wanyuma wubatswe ku mana ya Dagon, ari uw'ipantaro y'imigani ya CHALU. Kugaragara kw'iki gisimba cyimbitse cyo mu nyanja gitera kwangwa, kandi amaboko akomeye ateye ubwoba azagira ingaruka kuri buri wese kandi abantu bose.
Byasa nkaho intsinzi imaze kuba hafi, kuri "Dagon" yacapishijwe mu kinyamakuru mu 1923. Ariko mubuzima bwa Howard, ibyago byabaye. Nyina yinjiye mu bitaro bimwe, aho se yatowe imyaka ya nyuma y'ubuzima bwe. Sara yapfiriye ku ya 21 Gicurasi 1921, abaganga ntibashobora gukiza uyu mugore w'umusazi. Kubwibyo, kugirango turangare kubera kubabazwa, ubuhanga bwubuvanganzo bwatangiye gukora cyane.
Howard Urukundo rwashoboye guhimba isi ye zidasanzwe zishobora gushyirwa kumurongo umwe hamwe na Mediterane John Tolkina, isi ya Perry Platchett, igihugu cya Laven Frank Bauma no mu bundi buvanganzo bugereranywa. Howard yabaye uwashinze imitekerereze y'amayobera: Hariho abantu kwisi bizera imana zitigeze zibaho kandi ziboneka muri necronomion.
Abafana b'umwanditsi bazi ko gukundana bivuga imirimo ye ku masoko ya kera. Necronomion ni encyclopedia yimihango yubumaji, ijyanye numugani wa Khulhu, iboneka bwa mbere mumateka "imbwa" (1923).
Umwanditsi ubwe yavuze ko intoki zabayeho mubyukuri, kandi zivuga ko "igitabo cy'abapfuye" cyanditse (itobe rya mbere ry'umwanditsi, ryahumetswe n '"ijoro ry'Abarabu"). Kandi ugenda umugani ko iki gitabo kibikwa mu bigo birindwi, kuko ari bibi kubuzima bwo mumutwe no mumubiri bwabasomyi.
Birashimishije kubona ibyanditswe muri "NecronomiCON" byatatanye "inkuru zurukundo ninkuru, kandi aya magambo yakusanyijwe mubunini bumwe bwabashishikaye. Abambere kubikora byazamutse umwanditsi Augusti atobora - umufana ushishikaye wa Howard. By the way, "necronomion" yakoresheje umuyobozi wa Sam Raymi mu kaga gashya yatuje "ibibi byapfuye" (19818,992).
Nanone, umutware w'ikibato yahaye ibitabo bye ubwoko bw'imyambaro n'ibishushanyo. Urugero, kubaha Ktulhu nini kandi biteye ubwoba, umuhanga mu gatabo k'ubugome ugomba gutangazwa: "PCH'glui Mglvh Ktuluhu Rtuluhu Rtulu üh Vgah'nanl FHTAGN!" By the way, kunshuro yambere a octopog ya octopog ya octopog, uryama mu nyanja ya pasifika kandi ishoboye guhindura imitekerereze yumuntu, yagaragaye mumateka "guhamagara Ktulhu" (1928).
Ibikurikira, nyuma yumwaka, birasohoka munsi yizina "Horror Danvich" (1929). Urukundo rubwira umusomyi we kubyerekeye umujyi w'Impimbano, uri mu majyaruguru ya Massachusetts. Muri iki gikorwa cyijimye, umusaza wakundaga gukora imihango ya sinister, kandi umusore wilbur, utari kumwe numuntu, ahubwo yari ikiremwa kidasanzwe gifite amahema.
Mu 1931, Howard yuzuza ubuzima bwe bwo guhanga bwo mu gitabo cya Fantastic "Umusazi Umusozi", kandi uhimbamo inkuru y'inkuru "(1931), Umujyi ushingiye ku gicucu, aho abantu bafite amahano Isura isa nkaho idashakishwa mbere, indwara.
Muri kimwe 1931, urukundo rwanditse undi murimo - "kwongorera mu mwijima", aho ubwoko budasanzwe bwibihumyo bifatika Mi-th yavuzwe bwa mbere. Mu nkuru ye, umwanditsi avanze mu icupa rimwe rya stand, ibihimbano bya siyansi kandi bimaze igihe yabyaye urukundo rwakiriwe neza.
Ibitabo by'urukundo biteye ubwoba ko ubwoba bw'imitekerereze ya psycholotter, kandi ntabwo ari iterabwoba ryibanze ryabasomyi, ibisimba, ibisimba, zombies, zombies ndetse nizindi nyuguti zikoreshwa mubyandikishijwe insike. Byongeye kandi, hashge yari azi kuvoma umwuka wo guhagarika umutima, wenda Alfred Hichkok ubwe yari afite ishyari ubuhanga bw'ivanga.
Nyuma, urukundo rwagaragaje inkuru "Inzozi munzu yubupfumu" (1932). Iyi nkuru isobanura ubuzima bwabanyeshuri bafite amatsiko umunyeshuri wa Walter Jilter, amaze kumva inkuru zerekeye Sortunion ya Kezia Mason, washoboraga kwimuka byoroshye mumwanya. Ariko umusore ukiri muto yizeye ko umupfumu agenda mu rwego rwa kane. Ubwanyuma, Walter yateye urujijo atangira kubona inzozi mbi: Morphori imaze gukora ku maso nyamukuru, umukecuru mubi atangiye kumushinyagurira.
Mu 1933, Howard yahimbye inkuru yanditseho - "Umuremyi ku muryango." Fabul Imirimo ikura mu mujyi wa Akohemu y'impimbano ya Monisiyo, Daniel Apton, ugerageza gusobanurira umusomyi, impamvu yishe inshuti ye - umwanditsi Edward Pikman Derby. Uyu murimo ufite iherezo ritunguranye ryinshi ryibasiye intoki zamayobera kandi zitoroshye.
Hanyuma, mu 1935, urukundo rwasohoye igitabo "kirenze ibihe" kandi muri uwo mwaka yeguriye Robert Bloch ibicuruzwa bishya - "gutura mu mwijima." Iki gitabo kivuga ku mwanditsi Robert Blake, wasangaga yapfiriye mu rugo. Ku maso y'umwanditsi, ubwoba bwarahagaritswe, kandi bacire urubanza ibyabaye kuri uwo munsi wica urupfu, birashoboka gufata mu mutwe, batatanye kumeza.
Mubindi bintu, kubyarimo Howard Hariho icyegeranyo cya Sonnets "ibihumyo biva muri Yuggguta", byanditswe mu 1929. Nanone urukundo, impano idashidikanywaho yashimye abafana, yafashije bagenzi babo ku mahugurwa mu mateka yo kwandika. Byongeye kandi, akenshi byabaye ko abalaurel zose b'icyubahiro bashyikirijwe umwanditsi wa kabiri wimodoka ufite umusanzu muto kuri Podabul.
Urukundo rwasize umurage w'igihanga, abahanga mu bya siyansi bavuze ko amabaruwa ibihumbi ijana yanditswe mu mayobera. Harimo imishinga y'abandi banditsi yagenwe nurukundo. Rero, Howard yasize interuro nkeya ya "umwimerere", yakira amafaranga adafite agaciro kuri ibi, mu gihe abanditsi bamwe banyuzwe n'amafaranga manini.
Ubuzima Bwihariye
Howard Urukundo yabayeho ubuzima bwo kugarura. Ashobora kuba kumeza afite iminsi nijoro, yandika ibitabo bitangaje, byamenyekanye nyuma y'urupfu rw'umwanditsi. Umupfumu w'ijambo wasohotse cyane mu binyamakuru, ariko amafaranga abandi batangaga ntabwo byari bihagije kubaho neza.
Birazwi ko "ibiryo" byibikorwa byurukundo mu nganda zamakuba yubuvanganzo. Ntiyabikuye gusa ku mbuga z'abanditsi "bombo", ahubwo yakoraga no gusubiramo inyandiko intoki, ku buryo byamutwaye, kuko ndetse n'abitabo by'ubwoya bya Howard byasutse.
Abosororari yavuze ko umugabo muremure kandi unanutse ufite isura ya Boris (Frankenstein "ku gitabo cya Mary SULLY) na Max von Sudov, yari umuntu mwiza kandi witabira woroshye kumwenyura byoroheje byatanze ubushyuhe. Urukundo ruzi ku mwanya wo kugirira impuhwe, nk'urugero, kwiyahura kw'inshuti ya Robert Howard, wafashe icyemezo nk'iki kubera urupfu rwa nyina - urukundo rwakomeretse mu mutima kandi rukongora ubuzima bwe.
Byongeye kandi, umwanditsi w'amaraso yamaraso asebanya amaraso, ice cream n'ingendo: yari mu Bwongereza bushya, Quebec, Philadelphia na Charlesdoniya. Paradoxique, urukundo ntirukunda ikirere gikonje kandi gikonje, ikirere cyiganje mu bitabo bya Edgar in na gushushanya na Tim Berton. Kandi, yari arambiwe ibintu byose bifitanye isano ninyanja, nubwo ibikorwa bye byatewe impumuro yamazi ninyanja mbisi.
Naho umubano wa Amorles, hazwi gusa ku byerekeye umwanditsi gusa, abaturage b'Ingoma y'Uburusiya - Sona Green. Abakunzi bimukiye mu masezerano ya pasifika ku rusaku rwork, ariko urukundo ntirushobora guhagarara rwuzuye kandi rwihuse. Bidatinze, uwo mwashakanye aratandukanye, nta mwanya wo gutegura ubutane.
Urupfu
Kwiga ku rupfu rw'inshuti yishe mu kanwa akomoka mu pistolet, HO HE HE HE HEEDUGAKE. Amaherezo, yaretse kurya ibiryo, kuko yavumbuye kanseri y'imbeho. Urukundo rwapfuye ku ya 15 Werurwe 1937 mu bikorwa bye kavukire, kurokoka Robert amezi icyenda.
Nyuma yaho, umurimo w'umwanditsi wahise ufata urufatiro rwa firime n'amakarito, kandi howay ubwe yashakaga kubaka urwibutso.
Bibliografiya
- 1917 - "CRYPT"
- 1917 - "Dagon"
- 1919 - "Kuvuka ubwa kabiri Juan Romero"
- 1920 - "Injangwe Ultar"
- 1921 - "Umuziki Erich Tsana"
- 1925 - "Ikiruhuko"
- 1927 - "Ibara riva mu zindi isi"
- 1927 - "Urubanza Charles Dexter Ward"
- 1928 - "Hamagara Ktulhu"
- 1929 - "HARVAL DANVIH"
- 1929 - "Urufunguzo rwa feza"
- 1931 - "Imbeba zubusazi"
- 1931 - "Igicucu hejuru yinnsmut"
- 1931 - "Kwongorera mu mwijima"